Data_Cleaning_cars.ipynb

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      "source": [
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import numpy as np"
      ]
    },
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      "source": [
        "# Read CSV file\n",
        "df = pd.read_csv('cars1.csv')"
      ],
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        "id": "X4Uir40AAEzm"
      },
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      "source": [
        "# Display DataFrame\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
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              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
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        "df.head(10) # Display the first N rows"
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            "text/plain": [
              "                        name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN  Diesel   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII     NaN       140000.0   125000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "7   Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0    78000.0     CNG   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "8  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9  Individual       Manual   First Owner  "
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              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-382385af-e6a3-42bc-951f-0c65e6960132');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "\n",
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              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "\n",
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              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
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              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-4b2d2dc4-a4a2-4f68-8053-60a6a57a9afd button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 106
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.tail(10) # Display the last N rows"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 467
        },
        "id": "GzY12MseBk00",
        "outputId": "2ceffd54-8b53-4487-d14b-04e4e59e5f86"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven  \\\n",
              "90                   Mahindra XUV500 W8 2WD  2015.0       750000.0    70000.0   \n",
              "91  Renault Duster 85PS Diesel RxL Optional  2013.0       600000.0   120000.0   \n",
              "92                   Hyundai Santro Xing XO  2007.0        80000.0    58000.0   \n",
              "93            Mahindra Bolero 2011-2019 SLE  2013.0       325000.0    62200.0   \n",
              "94             Audi A6 2.0 TDI Premium Plus  2014.0      1470000.0    34000.0   \n",
              "95          Fiat Avventura MULTIJET Emotion  2015.0       350000.0    53000.0   \n",
              "96                          Audi A8 4.2 TDI  2013.0      2800000.0    49000.0   \n",
              "97                      Datsun RediGO 1.0 S  2017.0       210000.0    15000.0   \n",
              "98     Volkswagen Jetta 1.4 TSI Comfortline  2013.0       450000.0    50000.0   \n",
              "99     Audi A4 2.0 TDI 177 Bhp Premium Plus  2013.0      1150000.0    53000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "90  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "91  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "92  Petrol      Dealer          NaN  Second Owner  \n",
              "93  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "94  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic  Second Owner  \n",
              "95  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "96  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "97  Petrol      Dealer       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "98  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "99  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
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              "      <th>90</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mahindra XUV500 W8 2WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>750000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>91</th>\n",
              "      <td>Renault Duster 85PS Diesel RxL Optional</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>120000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>92</th>\n",
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              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>58000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>93</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mahindra Bolero 2011-2019 SLE</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>325000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>62200.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>94</th>\n",
              "      <td>Audi A6 2.0 TDI Premium Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1470000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>34000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>95</th>\n",
              "      <td>Fiat Avventura MULTIJET Emotion</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>350000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>96</th>\n",
              "      <td>Audi A8 4.2 TDI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2800000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>49000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>97</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO 1.0 S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>210000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>15000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>98</th>\n",
              "      <td>Volkswagen Jetta 1.4 TSI Comfortline</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>99</th>\n",
              "      <td>Audi A4 2.0 TDI 177 Bhp Premium Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1150000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>53000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
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              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-606fa00c-7aa3-4afe-9148-7b6a18eb2937 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 107
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.sample(5) # Display a random sample of N rows"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "t1ELGic_Bt3q",
        "outputId": "032c215c-40b0-42d9-80b9-2318917d5a22"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "23   Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0    35000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "92    Hyundai Santro Xing XO  2007.0        80000.0    58000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "21  Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "14  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "49  Maruti Wagon R VXI BS IV  2012.0       275000.0    60000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "\n",
              "   seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "23  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "92      Dealer          NaN  Second Owner  \n",
              "21  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "14  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "49  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
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              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>49</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R VXI BS IV</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>275000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
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              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
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              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-aa95cc3c-86d5-4fe3-bfa3-0f3d43f2c13e button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-aa95cc3c-86d5-4fe3-bfa3-0f3d43f2c13e');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
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              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
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              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
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              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
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              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
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              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-d381b676-8441-42ed-aa41-c670f38004f2 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 108
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df['km_driven'].describe()  # Display summary statistics (mean, std, min, 25%, 50%, 75%, max)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "3oh-vSmcBzop",
        "outputId": "9248c430-c929-4801-b302-b0e1e88a49c3"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "count        98.000000\n",
              "mean      65166.551020\n",
              "std       50117.148023\n",
              "min        4500.000000\n",
              "25%       31500.000000\n",
              "50%       59500.000000\n",
              "75%       80000.000000\n",
              "max      350000.000000\n",
              "Name: km_driven, dtype: float64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 111
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Display missing values for each column\n",
        "df.isnull().sum()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "2lszLxW3D73z",
        "outputId": "9d6d3966-b377-4272-ed47-7b13f5e27abe"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "name             0\n",
              "year             3\n",
              "selling_price    5\n",
              "km_driven        2\n",
              "fuel             1\n",
              "seller_type      3\n",
              "transmission     3\n",
              "owner            1\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 112
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "FiwYhMeqqAYP",
        "outputId": "f9699231-37c8-46ff-dcec-99617e07e079"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
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              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
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              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 157
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#remove rows containing missing values\n",
        "df.dropna(inplace=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8lJgzo9IfrLv"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.isnull().sum()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "db-JOfE4f3u0",
        "outputId": "99a9e8da-a482-4bb6-d5f9-6be0b968e909"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "name             0\n",
              "year             0\n",
              "selling_price    0\n",
              "km_driven        0\n",
              "fuel             0\n",
              "seller_type      0\n",
              "transmission     0\n",
              "owner            0\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 159
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "wlPai-dMqHPj",
        "outputId": "662ad9ca-4633-44dd-c71f-850c3598d1ff"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "7   Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
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              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
            ],
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              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-7cb20b56-f6f6-459f-9ca7-bec3ee4f57f9');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-da483652-9ccb-47cd-bcdc-78252a8436a7\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-da483652-9ccb-47cd-bcdc-78252a8436a7')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-da483652-9ccb-47cd-bcdc-78252a8436a7 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 160
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Fill missing values with a specific value\n",
        "df['year'].fillna(1000, inplace=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BtqkQGnKf60U"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "8dr1hKmfgUSt",
        "outputId": "d5f5d071-8157-424c-ea71-b00bbf1bef28"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  1000.0       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-b76836bf-82a0-4b09-9eca-2f55925c9b81\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>1000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-b76836bf-82a0-4b09-9eca-2f55925c9b81')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-b76836bf-82a0-4b09-9eca-2f55925c9b81 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-b76836bf-82a0-4b09-9eca-2f55925c9b81');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-100ab2a3-0880-42bd-9a71-20fcc2442dcc\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-100ab2a3-0880-42bd-9a71-20fcc2442dcc')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-100ab2a3-0880-42bd-9a71-20fcc2442dcc button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 165
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Fill missing values with the mean of the column\n",
        "df.fillna(df.mean(), inplace=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "L7NG5tEFrw6N",
        "outputId": "1c65734f-c6b1-4da4-d7cb-89facb475433"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stderr",
          "text": [
            "<ipython-input-48-1065ce0d6ac5>:2: FutureWarning: The default value of numeric_only in DataFrame.mean is deprecated. In a future version, it will default to False. In addition, specifying 'numeric_only=None' is deprecated. Select only valid columns or specify the value of numeric_only to silence this warning.\n",
            "  df.fillna(df.mean(), inplace=True)\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head(30)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "DttDuDuLr7KS",
        "outputId": "b2fba874-dab9-43f8-986d-d75aa4f41a46"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                                 name         year  selling_price  \\\n",
              "0                       Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   \n",
              "1            Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   \n",
              "2                Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0   \n",
              "3              Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   \n",
              "4               Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   \n",
              "5                Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0   \n",
              "6           Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   \n",
              "7           Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   \n",
              "8            Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   \n",
              "9            Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0   \n",
              "10            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.000000       260000.0   \n",
              "11           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.000000       250000.0   \n",
              "12    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.000000      1650000.0   \n",
              "13                      Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   \n",
              "14                      Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   \n",
              "15               Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2012.000000       600000.0   \n",
              "16             Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000           34.0   \n",
              "17              Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   \n",
              "18               Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2007.000000       140000.0   \n",
              "19          Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   \n",
              "20           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.000000       240000.0   \n",
              "21           Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   \n",
              "22           Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0   \n",
              "23            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.000000       260000.0   \n",
              "24           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.000000       250000.0   \n",
              "25    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.000000      1650000.0   \n",
              "26               Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus  2015.000000       585000.0   \n",
              "27        Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel  2019.000000      1195000.0   \n",
              "28  Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater  2013.000000       390000.0   \n",
              "29         Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury  2014.000000      1964999.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "        km_driven    fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0    70000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1    50000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2   100000.000000  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3    46000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4    63962.561224  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5   125000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6    25000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7    25000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8    25000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9        5.000000     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "10   35000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "11  100000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "12   25000.000000  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "13   70000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "14   70000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "15  100000.000000  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "16   46000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "17  141000.000000  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "18  125000.000000  Petrol         NaN       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "19   25000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "20   60000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "21       4.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "22   78000.000000     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "23   35000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "24  100000.000000  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "25   25000.000000  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "26   24000.000000  Petrol      Dealer          NaN          none  \n",
              "27    5000.000000  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "28   33000.000000  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "29   28000.000000  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  "
            ],
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "      <th>17</th>\n",
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              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>141000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>585000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>24000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>none</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1195000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>390000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>33000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1964999.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>28000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
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              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-47da7682-5d9a-40e3-8234-b795a375a2a4');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-8be0a3fa-8739-4571-9904-2c5b7dccf169\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-8be0a3fa-8739-4571-9904-2c5b7dccf169')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-8be0a3fa-8739-4571-9904-2c5b7dccf169 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Fill missing values with the median of the column\n",
        "df['year'].fillna(df['year'].median(), inplace=True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8rQTulMJgA90"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "2Ppagq7ej_3f",
        "outputId": "545fc69c-33b5-4dc1-ed6c-bdcdb65b6395"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2014.0       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-0499aa60-f3bc-472e-b93b-9dd244de1360\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-0499aa60-f3bc-472e-b93b-9dd244de1360')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-0499aa60-f3bc-472e-b93b-9dd244de1360 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-0499aa60-f3bc-472e-b93b-9dd244de1360');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-0873f36e-a5be-4e01-beca-09319819a2b8\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-0873f36e-a5be-4e01-beca-09319819a2b8')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-0873f36e-a5be-4e01-beca-09319819a2b8 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 228
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#fill missing values with the previous or next non-missing value\n",
        "# Forward fill\n",
        "df.ffill(inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "8u-DjPYEsGim",
        "outputId": "bcffe3cb-a1b2-4ecd-f436-fee0b17eca6a"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2007.0       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0    46000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
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              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 258
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Backward fill\n",
        "df.bfill(inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "jHDtEZoUtfq9",
        "outputId": "13d35a6f-a096-45d8-c561-22eb622a7ae5"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2017.0       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   125000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
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              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
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              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-cab11bef-01ef-4483-8153-374b237815ca\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-cab11bef-01ef-4483-8153-374b237815ca')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-cab11bef-01ef-4483-8153-374b237815ca button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 262
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Linear interpolation (to estimate missing values based on the surrounding values)\n",
        "df.interpolate(method='linear', inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "IWoraPaqt2qT",
        "outputId": "6a5a3087-ddb3-4029-f0cd-1fbc2fb7dbb9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2012.0       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0    85500.0  Diesel   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-53d0e0d4-ccd5-44e5-a342-0a7f55eec319\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>85500.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-53d0e0d4-ccd5-44e5-a342-0a7f55eec319')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-53d0e0d4-ccd5-44e5-a342-0a7f55eec319 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-53d0e0d4-ccd5-44e5-a342-0a7f55eec319');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-a3ce7b3c-92d0-4e3c-a9ed-be1bdf8e6b24\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-a3ce7b3c-92d0-4e3c-a9ed-be1bdf8e6b24')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-a3ce7b3c-92d0-4e3c-a9ed-be1bdf8e6b24 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 221
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#drop columns with missing values\n",
        "df.dropna(axis=1, inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 206
        },
        "id": "9hn-_PtouRCh",
        "outputId": "41fb4219-e77a-45f0-daaa-dbfcb24a0b33"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                       name\n",
              "0             Maruti 800 AC\n",
              "1  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor\n",
              "2      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX\n",
              "3    Datsun RediGO T Option\n",
              "4     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-5d4cf3c4-3eda-4af3-8938-bc805eee0a41\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 224
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#Handling Categorical Data\n",
        "#Replace missing values with the mode\n",
        "df['seller_type'].fillna(df['seller_type'].mode()[0], inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head(30)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 990
        },
        "id": "veH8scmgvRsx",
        "outputId": "d60f05d3-3f3e-4c6f-b899-c6affbda3500"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                                 name    year  selling_price  km_driven  \\\n",
              "0                       Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0   \n",
              "1            Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0   \n",
              "2                Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "3              Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0   \n",
              "4               Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN   \n",
              "5                Maruti Alto LX BSIII     NaN       140000.0   125000.0   \n",
              "6           Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "7            Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0   \n",
              "8            Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "9            Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0    78000.0   \n",
              "10            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0    35000.0   \n",
              "11           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       250000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "12    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.0      1650000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "13                      Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0   \n",
              "14           Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0   \n",
              "15               Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2012.0       600000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "16             Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0   \n",
              "17              Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   141000.0   \n",
              "18               Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2007.0       140000.0   125000.0   \n",
              "19          Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "20           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0   \n",
              "21           Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "22           Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0    78000.0   \n",
              "23            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0    35000.0   \n",
              "24           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       250000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "25    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.0      1650000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "26               Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus  2015.0       585000.0    24000.0   \n",
              "27        Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel  2019.0      1195000.0     5000.0   \n",
              "28  Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater  2013.0       390000.0    33000.0   \n",
              "29         Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury  2014.0      1964999.0    28000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2   Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4   Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7   Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "8   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9      CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "10  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "11  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "12  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "13  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "14  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "15  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "16  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "17  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "18  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "19  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "20  Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "21  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "22     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "23  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "24  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "25  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "26  Petrol      Dealer          NaN          none  \n",
              "27  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "28  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "29  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
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              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
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              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>141000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>585000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>24000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>none</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1195000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>390000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>33000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1964999.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>28000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
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              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
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              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
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              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 232
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#Replace missing values with a specific category\n",
        "df['transmission'].fillna('Automatic', inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head(30)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 990
        },
        "id": "r6VFXpBcvUBF",
        "outputId": "54af43e7-b42f-435c-a375-de74936604f3"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                                 name    year  selling_price  km_driven  \\\n",
              "0                       Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0   \n",
              "1            Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0   \n",
              "2                Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "3              Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0   \n",
              "4               Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN   \n",
              "5                Maruti Alto LX BSIII     NaN       140000.0   125000.0   \n",
              "6           Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "7            Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0   \n",
              "8            Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "9            Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0    78000.0   \n",
              "10            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0    35000.0   \n",
              "11           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       250000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "12    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.0      1650000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "13                      Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0   \n",
              "14           Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0   \n",
              "15               Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2012.0       600000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "16             Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0       250000.0    46000.0   \n",
              "17              Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   141000.0   \n",
              "18               Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2007.0       140000.0   125000.0   \n",
              "19          Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "20           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0    60000.0   \n",
              "21           Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "22           Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0    78000.0   \n",
              "23            Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0    35000.0   \n",
              "24           Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       250000.0   100000.0   \n",
              "25    Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.0      1650000.0    25000.0   \n",
              "26               Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus  2015.0       585000.0    24000.0   \n",
              "27        Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel  2019.0      1195000.0     5000.0   \n",
              "28  Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater  2013.0       390000.0    33000.0   \n",
              "29         Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury  2014.0      1964999.0    28000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2   Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4   Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7   Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "8   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9      CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "10  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "11  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "12  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "13  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "14  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "15  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "16  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "17  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "18  Petrol         NaN       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "19  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "20  Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "21  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "22     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "23  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "24  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "25  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "26  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic          none  \n",
              "27  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "28  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "29  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>13</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>14</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>141000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>19</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>23</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>24</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>585000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>24000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>none</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1195000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>390000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>33000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1964999.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>28000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-923e8680-770d-43e4-979e-19b4fa251178')\"\n",
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              "  <style>\n",
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              "      display:flex;\n",
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              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-b7728f2d-70bd-40c9-a190-e732eaf099ba button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 234
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Remove duplicates and update the existing DataFrame\n",
        "df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)\n",
        "df.head(30)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        },
        "id": "GHPWmJ8O1Qus",
        "outputId": "8c8ff6b3-f5b1-4585-95a0-cd404cfd7f52"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                                              name    year  selling_price  \\\n",
              "0                                    Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0   \n",
              "1                         Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0   \n",
              "2                             Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   \n",
              "3                           Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0   \n",
              "4                            Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   \n",
              "5                             Maruti Alto LX BSIII     NaN       140000.0   \n",
              "6                        Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0   \n",
              "8                         Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0   \n",
              "9                         Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0   \n",
              "10                         Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base  2015.0       260000.0   \n",
              "11                        Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       250000.0   \n",
              "12                 Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT  2018.0      1650000.0   \n",
              "15                            Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2012.0       600000.0   \n",
              "16                          Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0           34.0   \n",
              "17                           Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   \n",
              "18                            Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2007.0       140000.0   \n",
              "20                        Tata Indigo Grand Petrol  2014.0       240000.0   \n",
              "21                        Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0   \n",
              "22                        Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0   \n",
              "26                            Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus  2015.0       585000.0   \n",
              "27                     Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel  2019.0      1195000.0   \n",
              "28               Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater  2013.0       390000.0   \n",
              "29                      Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury  2014.0      1964999.0   \n",
              "30            Mercedes-Benz New C-Class 220 CDI AT  2013.0      1425000.0   \n",
              "31               Maruti Vitara Brezza ZDi Plus AMT  2018.0            NaN   \n",
              "32                                 Audi Q5 2.0 TDI     NaN      1190000.0   \n",
              "33                                 Honda City V MT  2018.0       930000.0   \n",
              "34                      Tata Tigor 1.2 Revotron XT  2018.0       525000.0   \n",
              "35                 Audi A6 2.0 TDI  Design Edition  2013.0      1735000.0   \n",
              "36  Mercedes-Benz New C-Class C 220 CDI Avantgarde  2012.0      1375000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "    km_driven    fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0     70000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1     50000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2    100000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3     46000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4         NaN  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5    125000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6     25000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8     25000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9         5.0     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "10    35000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "11   100000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "12    25000.0  Petrol      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "15   100000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "16    46000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "17   141000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "18   125000.0  Petrol         NaN       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "20    60000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "21        4.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "22    78000.0     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "26    24000.0  Petrol      Dealer          NaN          none  \n",
              "27     5000.0  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "28    33000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "29    28000.0  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "30    59000.0  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "31     4500.0  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "32   175900.0  Diesel      Dealer          NaN   First Owner  \n",
              "33    14500.0  Petrol      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "34    15000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "35    50000.0  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic   First Owner  \n",
              "36    33800.0  Diesel      Dealer    Automatic  Second Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-f75a0fc4-9b24-4ae9-a002-9b665b943465\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>10</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Sail 1.2 Base</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>260000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>11</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>12</th>\n",
              "      <td>Toyota Corolla Altis 1.8 VL CVT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1650000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>15</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>16</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>17</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>141000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>18</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>20</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Indigo Grand Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>240000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>21</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>22</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>78000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>26</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Ciaz VXi Plus</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>585000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>24000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>none</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>27</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Venue SX Opt Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1195000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>28</th>\n",
              "      <td>Chevrolet Enjoy TCDi LTZ 7 Seater</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>390000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>33000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>29</th>\n",
              "      <td>Jaguar XF 2.2 Litre Luxury</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1964999.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>28000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>30</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mercedes-Benz New C-Class 220 CDI AT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1425000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>59000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>31</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Vitara Brezza ZDi Plus AMT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>4500.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>32</th>\n",
              "      <td>Audi Q5 2.0 TDI</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>1190000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>175900.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>33</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda City V MT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>930000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>14500.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>34</th>\n",
              "      <td>Tata Tigor 1.2 Revotron XT</td>\n",
              "      <td>2018.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>525000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>15000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>35</th>\n",
              "      <td>Audi A6 2.0 TDI  Design Edition</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1735000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>36</th>\n",
              "      <td>Mercedes-Benz New C-Class C 220 CDI Avantgarde</td>\n",
              "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1375000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>33800.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Dealer</td>\n",
              "      <td>Automatic</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
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              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
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              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
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              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-f75a0fc4-9b24-4ae9-a002-9b665b943465 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-f75a0fc4-9b24-4ae9-a002-9b665b943465');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
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              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
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              "  }\n",
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              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
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              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
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              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
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              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
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              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-788ad15c-d0e8-40d9-b9f9-68d39b14b7a4 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 279
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#Remove values beyond a certain threshold or percentile\n",
        "upper_limit = df['selling_price'].quantile(0.75)\n",
        "df_no_outliers = df[df['selling_price'] <= upper_limit]\n",
        "print(df_no_outliers)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "_aXc7MlcDDc8",
        "outputId": "b6f13dde-ccdc-4205-b8d4-b9e4464dc542"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "                                    name    year  selling_price  km_driven  \\\n",
            "0                          Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0   \n",
            "1               Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0   \n",
            "2                   Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0   \n",
            "3                 Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0    46000.0   \n",
            "4                  Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN   \n",
            "..                                   ...     ...            ...        ...   \n",
            "92                Hyundai Santro Xing XO  2007.0        80000.0    58000.0   \n",
            "93         Mahindra Bolero 2011-2019 SLE  2013.0       325000.0    62200.0   \n",
            "95       Fiat Avventura MULTIJET Emotion  2015.0       350000.0    53000.0   \n",
            "97                   Datsun RediGO 1.0 S  2017.0       210000.0    15000.0   \n",
            "98  Volkswagen Jetta 1.4 TSI Comfortline  2013.0       450000.0    50000.0   \n",
            "\n",
            "      fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
            "0   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "1   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "2   Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "3   Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "4   Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
            "..     ...         ...          ...           ...  \n",
            "92  Petrol      Dealer          NaN  Second Owner  \n",
            "93  Diesel      Dealer       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "95  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
            "97  Petrol      Dealer       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
            "98  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
            "\n",
            "[72 rows x 8 columns]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Convert a Series to integer\n",
        "df['year'] = df['year'].astype(int)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UdI1vq33Ez23",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 363
        },
        "outputId": "749406c3-d58d-4526-835b-32ec564effdf"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name  year  selling_price      km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007          60000   70000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007         135000   50000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013         600000  100000.000000  Diesel   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017              2   46000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014         450000   63962.561224  Diesel   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013         140000  125000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016         550000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016         550000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015         850000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017         365000       5.000000     CNG   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9  Individual       Manual   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-076fca0b-acc7-48b4-9536-562ad77d5118\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
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              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-076fca0b-acc7-48b4-9536-562ad77d5118')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
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              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
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              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-076fca0b-acc7-48b4-9536-562ad77d5118 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-076fca0b-acc7-48b4-9536-562ad77d5118');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-a886e800-d555-451a-9c3f-c7a70bc9b0aa\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-a886e800-d555-451a-9c3f-c7a70bc9b0aa')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
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              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
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              "    height: 32px;\n",
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              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
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              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    0% {\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "    20% {\n",
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              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
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              "    60% {\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-a886e800-d555-451a-9c3f-c7a70bc9b0aa button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Convert a Series to float\n",
        "df['selling_price'] = df['selling_price'].astype(float)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 363
        },
        "id": "xvCFWeLwAWES",
        "outputId": "fd3bc833-8108-4d6e-8b92-6e0c4bcaf5bb"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name    year  selling_price  km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0    70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0    50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0    46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0        NaN  Diesel   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII     NaN       140000.0   125000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.0       550000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.0       850000.0    25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.0       365000.0        5.0     CNG   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9  Individual       Manual   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
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              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "  </tbody>\n",
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              "\n",
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              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "        document.querySelector('#df-540eb0da-5ca7-4585-86a8-dd8b584820cd button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-540eb0da-5ca7-4585-86a8-dd8b584820cd');\n",
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              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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              "  }\n",
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              "\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
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              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
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              "\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
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      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Convert the entire DataFrame to a specific data type\n",
        "df = df.astype({'selling_price': int, 'year': int, 'km_driven': float})\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 363
        },
        "id": "s1TVX10pAYB5",
        "outputId": "02d5454e-2158-49fa-8065-5271513682a6"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
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          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name  year  selling_price      km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007          60000   70000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007         135000   50000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013         600000  100000.000000  Diesel   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017              2   46000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014         450000   63962.561224  Diesel   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013         140000  125000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016         550000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016         550000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015         850000   25000.000000  Petrol   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017         365000       5.000000     CNG   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9  Individual       Manual   First Owner  "
            ],
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              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
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              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "\n",
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              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-08d69b65-db58-4ad1-8028-528126fecf6c');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
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              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
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              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
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              "\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 27
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Convert to float using eval()\n",
        "df['km_driven'] = pd.eval(df['km_driven'].astype(float)).astype(str)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 363
        },
        "id": "E_4fa4ihClOt",
        "outputId": "83017a4a-d778-4e11-9415-a8d4127e5de9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name  year selling_price          km_driven    fuel  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007       60000.0            70000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007      135000.0            50000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013      600000.0           100000.0  Diesel   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017           2.0            46000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014      450000.0  63962.56122448979  Diesel   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013      140000.0           125000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016      550000.0            25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016      550000.0            25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015      850000.0            25000.0  Petrol   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017      365000.0                5.0     CNG   \n",
              "\n",
              "  seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  \n",
              "5  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "6  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "7  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "8  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "9  Individual       Manual   First Owner  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.56122448979</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 31
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#The Z-score of a data point represents how many standard deviations it is from the mean\n",
        "#method used to transform numerical data to have a standard normal distribution\n",
        "#with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1\n",
        "\n",
        "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
        "\n",
        "# values.reshape(-1,1) is used to convert 1D -> 2D\n",
        "column_to_standardize = df['year'].values.reshape(-1, 1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create a StandardScaler instance\n",
        "scaler = StandardScaler()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Fit and transform the column\n",
        "df['year_standardized'] = scaler.fit_transform(column_to_standardize)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 675
        },
        "id": "6x6lRkDXFTX3",
        "outputId": "52e1f6e4-2924-466c-95f6-8196f9a6a816"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145  \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145  \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000  \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734  \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270  \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000  \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246  \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246  \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758  \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "      <th>year_standardized</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.415758</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 39
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Manually standardize the column\n",
        "df['selling_price_standardized'] = (df['selling_price'] - df['selling_price'].mean()) / df['selling_price'].std()\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 869
        },
        "id": "fuSMXBRiLK1D",
        "outputId": "efddfbf8-0b58-46b6-d076-df0591a3c686"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \\\n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270   \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758   \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "\n",
              "   selling_price_standardized  \n",
              "0                   -0.674263  \n",
              "1                   -0.591054  \n",
              "2                   -0.075162  \n",
              "3                   -0.740827  \n",
              "4                   -0.241579  \n",
              "5                   -0.585507  \n",
              "6                   -0.130635  \n",
              "7                   -0.130635  \n",
              "8                    0.202199  \n",
              "9                   -0.335882  "
            ],
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              "      <th>name</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.674263</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.591054</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.075162</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.740827</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.241579</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.585507</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.415758</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.202199</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
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              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
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              "\n",
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              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
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              "  }\n",
              "\n",
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              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
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              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
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              "    display: none;\n",
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              "    height: 32px;\n",
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              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
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              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
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              "\n",
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              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-e6b26d24-c158-41d0-9d56-388a838e21ad button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#The purpose of Min-Max scaling is to scale the data in a way\n",
        "#that it falls within a pre-defined interval, usually [0, 1]\n",
        "from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler\n",
        "\n",
        "column_to_normalize = df['year'].values.reshape(-1, 1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create a MinMaxScaler instance\n",
        "scaler = MinMaxScaler()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Fit and transform the column\n",
        "df['year_normalized'] = scaler.fit_transform(column_to_normalize)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 869
        },
        "id": "FGFZcrqkLwSX",
        "outputId": "c8ea39d3-4820-4cec-f44e-2ebce98a9956"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \\\n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270   \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758   \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "\n",
              "   selling_price_standardized  year_normalized  \n",
              "0                   -0.674263         0.478261  \n",
              "1                   -0.591054         0.478261  \n",
              "2                   -0.075162         0.753922  \n",
              "3                   -0.740827         0.913043  \n",
              "4                   -0.241579         0.782609  \n",
              "5                   -0.585507         0.753922  \n",
              "6                   -0.130635         0.869565  \n",
              "7                   -0.130635         0.869565  \n",
              "8                    0.202199         0.826087  \n",
              "9                   -0.335882         0.913043  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
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              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
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              "      <th>year_normalized</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.674263</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.591054</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.075162</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.740827</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.241579</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.782609</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.585507</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.415758</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.202199</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.826087</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.335882</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
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              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
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              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
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              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-d8401b3c-4226-468f-b80d-40d940f1fe06 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 42
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Manually normalize the column\n",
        "df['selling_price_normalized'] = (df['selling_price'] - df['selling_price'].min()) / (df['selling_price'].max() - df['selling_price'].min())\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 869
        },
        "id": "k2eLp1AyNJN-",
        "outputId": "629e318e-1131-43c7-ea7f-cd061ed28c9c"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \\\n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270   \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758   \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "\n",
              "   selling_price_standardized  year_normalized  selling_price_normalized  \n",
              "0                   -0.674263         0.478261                  0.007362  \n",
              "1                   -0.591054         0.478261                  0.016564  \n",
              "2                   -0.075162         0.753922                  0.073619  \n",
              "3                   -0.740827         0.913043                  0.000000  \n",
              "4                   -0.241579         0.782609                  0.055214  \n",
              "5                   -0.585507         0.753922                  0.017178  \n",
              "6                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484  \n",
              "7                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484  \n",
              "8                    0.202199         0.826087                  0.104294  \n",
              "9                   -0.335882         0.913043                  0.044785  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
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              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "      <th>year_standardized</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price_standardized</th>\n",
              "      <th>year_normalized</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price_normalized</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.674263</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007362</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.591054</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.016564</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.075162</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.073619</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.740827</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.241579</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.782609</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.055214</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.585507</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.017178</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.415758</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.202199</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.826087</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.104294</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.335882</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.044785</td>\n",
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              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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              "    40% {\n",
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              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-1376af0f-a855-45bb-8325-ed651512afa4 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 43
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#The Robust Scaler is particularly useful when dealing with features that have outliers\n",
        "#Unlike Min-Max scaling or Z-score normalization\n",
        "#the Robust Scaler uses the median and the interquartile range (IQR) to scale the data\n",
        "from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler\n",
        "\n",
        "column_to_scale = df['year'].values.reshape(-1, 1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create a RobustScaler instance\n",
        "scaler = RobustScaler()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Fit and transform the column\n",
        "df['year_scaled_robust'] = scaler.fit_transform(column_to_scale)\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 869
        },
        "id": "ua1EF4IdNgsG",
        "outputId": "c0adbb2f-d065-4742-db15-29d87c0dbb08"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000        60000.0   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000       135000.0   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206       600000.0  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000            2.0   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000       450000.0   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206       140000.0  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000       550000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000       850000.0   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000       365000.0       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \\\n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270   \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758   \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "\n",
              "   selling_price_standardized  year_normalized  selling_price_normalized  \\\n",
              "0                   -0.674263         0.478261                  0.007362   \n",
              "1                   -0.591054         0.478261                  0.016564   \n",
              "2                   -0.075162         0.753922                  0.073619   \n",
              "3                   -0.740827         0.913043                  0.000000   \n",
              "4                   -0.241579         0.782609                  0.055214   \n",
              "5                   -0.585507         0.753922                  0.017178   \n",
              "6                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484   \n",
              "7                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484   \n",
              "8                    0.202199         0.826087                  0.104294   \n",
              "9                   -0.335882         0.913043                  0.044785   \n",
              "\n",
              "   year_scaled_robust  \n",
              "0           -1.750000  \n",
              "1           -1.750000  \n",
              "2           -0.164948  \n",
              "3            0.750000  \n",
              "4            0.000000  \n",
              "5           -0.164948  \n",
              "6            0.500000  \n",
              "7            0.500000  \n",
              "8            0.250000  \n",
              "9            0.750000  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
              "  <div id=\"df-854f47bc-206f-4d15-b68b-4fec52d0ebc3\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <div>\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
              "      <th>fuel</th>\n",
              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>transmission</th>\n",
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              "      <th>selling_price_normalized</th>\n",
              "      <th>year_scaled_robust</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>60000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.674263</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007362</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.750000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>135000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.591054</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478261</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.016564</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.750000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>600000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.075162</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.073619</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.164948</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.740827</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.750000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>450000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.241579</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.782609</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.055214</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.585507</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.017178</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.164948</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.500000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>550000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.500000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>850000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.202199</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.104294</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.250000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>365000.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>CNG</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.335882</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.044785</td>\n",
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              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
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              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
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              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
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              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 44
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#The log1p function computes log(1+x), making it suitable for variables that may have zero values\n",
        "df['selling_price'] = np.log1p(df['selling_price'])\n",
        "df.head(10)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 869
        },
        "id": "IZggte_gOqEu",
        "outputId": "eb8f7d94-c56f-4e00-98c2-c0c1cefa0173"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "                        name         year  selling_price      km_driven  \\\n",
              "0              Maruti 800 AC  2007.000000      11.002117   70000.000000   \n",
              "1   Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.000000      11.813037   50000.000000   \n",
              "2       Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX  2013.340206      13.304687  100000.000000   \n",
              "3     Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.000000       1.098612   46000.000000   \n",
              "4      Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.000000      13.017005   63962.561224   \n",
              "5       Maruti Alto LX BSIII  2013.340206      11.849405  125000.000000   \n",
              "6  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000      13.217675   25000.000000   \n",
              "7  Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S  2016.000000      13.217675   25000.000000   \n",
              "8   Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S  2015.000000      13.652993   25000.000000   \n",
              "9   Maruti Celerio Green VXI  2017.000000      12.807655       5.000000   \n",
              "\n",
              "     fuel seller_type transmission         owner  year_standardized  \\\n",
              "0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "1  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner          -1.588145   \n",
              "2  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "3  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "4  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner           0.165270   \n",
              "5  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.000000   \n",
              "6  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "7  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.666246   \n",
              "8  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.415758   \n",
              "9     CNG  Individual       Manual   First Owner           0.916734   \n",
              "\n",
              "   selling_price_standardized  year_normalized  selling_price_normalized  \\\n",
              "0                   -0.674263         0.478261                  0.007362   \n",
              "1                   -0.591054         0.478261                  0.016564   \n",
              "2                   -0.075162         0.753922                  0.073619   \n",
              "3                   -0.740827         0.913043                  0.000000   \n",
              "4                   -0.241579         0.782609                  0.055214   \n",
              "5                   -0.585507         0.753922                  0.017178   \n",
              "6                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484   \n",
              "7                   -0.130635         0.869565                  0.067484   \n",
              "8                    0.202199         0.826087                  0.104294   \n",
              "9                   -0.335882         0.913043                  0.044785   \n",
              "\n",
              "   year_scaled_robust  \n",
              "0           -1.750000  \n",
              "1           -1.750000  \n",
              "2           -0.164948  \n",
              "3            0.750000  \n",
              "4            0.000000  \n",
              "5           -0.164948  \n",
              "6            0.500000  \n",
              "7            0.500000  \n",
              "8            0.250000  \n",
              "9            0.750000  "
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "\n",
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              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>name</th>\n",
              "      <th>year</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price</th>\n",
              "      <th>km_driven</th>\n",
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              "      <th>seller_type</th>\n",
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              "      <th>owner</th>\n",
              "      <th>year_standardized</th>\n",
              "      <th>selling_price_standardized</th>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti 800 AC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.002117</td>\n",
              "      <td>70000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.588145</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.674263</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.007362</td>\n",
              "      <td>-1.750000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.813037</td>\n",
              "      <td>50000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.304687</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.075162</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.073619</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.164948</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>Datsun RediGO T Option</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.098612</td>\n",
              "      <td>46000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.916734</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.740827</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.913043</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.750000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC</td>\n",
              "      <td>2014.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.017005</td>\n",
              "      <td>63962.561224</td>\n",
              "      <td>Diesel</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Second Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.165270</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.241579</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.782609</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.055214</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>5</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Alto LX BSIII</td>\n",
              "      <td>2013.340206</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.849405</td>\n",
              "      <td>125000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
              "      <td>Manual</td>\n",
              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.585507</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.753922</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.017178</td>\n",
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              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>6</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.217675</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>First Owner</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.869565</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.500000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>7</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Xcent 1.2 Kappa S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2016.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.217675</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
              "      <td>Individual</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.666246</td>\n",
              "      <td>-0.130635</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.067484</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.500000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>8</th>\n",
              "      <td>Hyundai Creta 1.6 VTVT S</td>\n",
              "      <td>2015.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.652993</td>\n",
              "      <td>25000.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>Petrol</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.104294</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.250000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>9</th>\n",
              "      <td>Maruti Celerio Green VXI</td>\n",
              "      <td>2017.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.807655</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.000000</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.044785</td>\n",
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          "metadata": {},
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    {
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        "df1=pd.read_csv('cars2.csv')\n",
        "df1.head()"
      ],
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          "height": 293
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              "       Date      Time                      name    year  selling_price  \\\n",
              "0  23-12-22  15:26:37             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0   \n",
              "1  26-12-22  13:33:35  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0   \n",
              "2  15-12-12  11:14:20      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   \n",
              "3  27-12-12   2:19:44    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0   \n",
              "4  22-12-12   2:10:46     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   km_driven    fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0    70000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1    50000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2   100000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3    46000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
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          "metadata": {},
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#date parsing functions to convert string representations of dates into datetime objects\n",
        "df1['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df1['Date'])\n",
        "df1['Time'] = pd.to_datetime(df1['Time'], format='%H:%M:%S').dt.time\n",
        "df1.head()"
      ],
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        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 293
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        "id": "9jZuzmX-bCUS",
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      "execution_count": null,
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            "text/plain": [
              "        Date      Time                      name    year  selling_price  \\\n",
              "0 2022-12-23  15:26:37             Maruti 800 AC  2007.0        60000.0   \n",
              "1 2022-12-26  13:33:35  Maruti Wagon R LXI Minor  2007.0       135000.0   \n",
              "2 2012-12-15  11:14:20      Hyundai Verna 1.6 SX     NaN       600000.0   \n",
              "3 2012-12-27  02:19:44    Datsun RediGO T Option  2017.0            2.0   \n",
              "4 2012-12-22  02:10:46     Honda Amaze VX i-DTEC  2014.0       450000.0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   km_driven    fuel seller_type transmission         owner  \n",
              "0    70000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "1    50000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "2   100000.0  Diesel  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "3    46000.0  Petrol  Individual       Manual   First Owner  \n",
              "4        NaN  Diesel  Individual       Manual  Second Owner  "
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              "\n",
              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-7d0f0cdf-550b-4d43-9b33-092d5770b7a3')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
              "  </svg>\n",
              "    </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <style>\n",
              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
              "      display:flex;\n",
              "      gap: 12px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      border: none;\n",
              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
              "      display: none;\n",
              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
              "      height: 32px;\n",
              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
              "      width: 32px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  </style>\n",
              "\n",
              "    <script>\n",
              "      const buttonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-7d0f0cdf-550b-4d43-9b33-092d5770b7a3 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "\n",
              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-7d0f0cdf-550b-4d43-9b33-092d5770b7a3');\n",
              "        const dataTable =\n",
              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
              "\n",
              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "    </script>\n",
              "  </div>\n",
              "\n",
              "\n",
              "<div id=\"df-014ec14a-b58e-4905-9630-b99ef3ad95a7\">\n",
              "  <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-014ec14a-b58e-4905-9630-b99ef3ad95a7')\"\n",
              "            title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
              "\n",
              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
              "    <g>\n",
              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
              "    </g>\n",
              "</svg>\n",
              "  </button>\n",
              "\n",
              "<style>\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
              "    border: none;\n",
              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
              "    display: none;\n",
              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    height: 32px;\n",
              "    padding: 0;\n",
              "    width: 32px;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    animation:\n",
              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
              "  }\n",
              "\n",
              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
              "    0% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    20% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    30% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    40% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    60% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    80% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    90% {\n",
              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "  }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "\n",
              "  <script>\n",
              "    async function quickchart(key) {\n",
              "      const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      try {\n",
              "        const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
              "            'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
              "      } catch (error) {\n",
              "        console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
              "      }\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    (() => {\n",
              "      let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
              "        document.querySelector('#df-014ec14a-b58e-4905-9630-b99ef3ad95a7 button');\n",
              "      quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
              "    })();\n",
              "  </script>\n",
              "</div>\n",
              "\n",
              "    </div>\n",
              "  </div>\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 75
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Extract Date Components\n",
        "df1['day'] = df1['Date'].dt.day\n",
        "df1['month'] = df1['Date'].dt.month\n",
        "df1['year'] = df1['Date'].dt.year\n",
        "df1['day_of_week'] = df1['Date'].dt.dayofweek\n",
        "print(df1[['day', 'month', 'year', 'day_of_week']])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "sjtvtm-pfUQh",
        "outputId": "da9e19d9-f3aa-40a5-8bdf-34941d56da15"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "    day  month  year  day_of_week\n",
            "0    23     12  2022            4\n",
            "1    26     12  2022            0\n",
            "2    15     12  2012            5\n",
            "3    27     12  2012            3\n",
            "4    22     12  2012            5\n",
            "..  ...    ...   ...          ...\n",
            "95   23      1  2002            2\n",
            "96   23      1  2001            1\n",
            "97   23      1  2001            1\n",
            "98   23      1  2001            1\n",
            "99   23      1  2001            1\n",
            "\n",
            "[100 rows x 4 columns]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Extract Time Components\n",
        "df1['hour'] = df1['Time'].dt.hour\n",
        "df1['minute'] = df1['Time'].dt.minute\n",
        "df1['second'] = df1['Time'].dt.second\n",
        "print(df1[['hour', 'minute', 'second']])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "4Qv1ukqjgFs2",
        "outputId": "100d7160-183a-40fd-8382-6cff55ee915c"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "    hour  minute  second\n",
            "0     15      26      37\n",
            "1     13      33      35\n",
            "2     11      14      20\n",
            "3      2      19      44\n",
            "4      2      10      46\n",
            "..   ...     ...     ...\n",
            "95     0      32      51\n",
            "96    23       7      25\n",
            "97    21      57      54\n",
            "98    21      46      18\n",
            "99    21      28      55\n",
            "\n",
            "[100 rows x 3 columns]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Handling Time Zones\n",
        "from pytz import timezone\n",
        "df1['date_column_utc'] = df1['Time'].dt.tz_localize('UTC')\n",
        "df1['date_column_est'] = df1['date_column_utc'].dt.tz_convert(timezone('US/Eastern'))\n",
        "print(df1[['date_column_utc', 'date_column_est']])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "_4E0KM3UyCrS",
        "outputId": "98b1bc95-ca21-463f-dac5-047532ea9232"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "             date_column_utc           date_column_est\n",
            "0  1900-01-01 15:26:37+00:00 1900-01-01 10:30:37-04:56\n",
            "1  1900-01-01 13:33:35+00:00 1900-01-01 08:37:35-04:56\n",
            "2  1900-01-01 11:14:20+00:00 1900-01-01 06:18:20-04:56\n",
            "3  1900-01-01 02:19:44+00:00 1899-12-31 21:23:44-04:56\n",
            "4  1900-01-01 02:10:46+00:00 1899-12-31 21:14:46-04:56\n",
            "..                       ...                       ...\n",
            "95 1900-01-01 00:32:51+00:00 1899-12-31 19:36:51-04:56\n",
            "96 1900-01-01 23:07:25+00:00 1900-01-01 18:11:25-04:56\n",
            "97 1900-01-01 21:57:54+00:00 1900-01-01 17:01:54-04:56\n",
            "98 1900-01-01 21:46:18+00:00 1900-01-01 16:50:18-04:56\n",
            "99 1900-01-01 21:28:55+00:00 1900-01-01 16:32:55-04:56\n",
            "\n",
            "[100 rows x 2 columns]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}