pwd Print working directory
cd Change directory
cd ~ Change directory to your home directory
cd - Go back to previous directory
ls List files in directory
ls -ltr Sort list by last modified. -time -reverse
file Show info about file. What type of file it is. If it is a binary or text file for example.
cat Output content of file.
less Output file but just little bit at a time. Use this one. Notmore.
Use/searchtermto search. It is the same command as in vim.nto scroll to next search result. Pressqto quit.
more Output file but just little bit at a time.lessis better.
touch Create a new file.
cp Copy
mkdir Make directory. -p argument creates directory path
rm Remove file
history Show commands history
sudo List what rights the sudo user has. sudo -l
Sudo config file is usually in /etc/sudoers
find / -name file 2 >/dev/null Send all permissions denied outputs to /dev/null
sudo updatedbUpdate database
locate filename Locate files
which bash
# Usually outputs: /bin/bash
Count lines in file
$ wc -l [file]
Create tar archive
$ tar cvf [archiveName.tar] [dirName/]
Extract tar archive
$ tar xvf [archiveName.tar]
Search for string within file (non-case sensitive)
$ grep –i "pattern" [file]
Inverse search: Exclude string from output
$ [command] | grep –v "pattern"
Find filenames matching a string (non-case sensitive)
$ find –iname "fileName"
Avoid matching substrings, only keeping full words in file
$ grep –w “pattern” [file]
Find IP valid addresses in a file
$ cat [file] | grep -oE "\b(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\b"
Add line number for all non-empty-lines in a file
$ sed '/./=' [file] | sed 'N; s/\n/ /'
File transfer with Netcat
[server]$ nc –v –w 30 –p 4444 –l
>
[file]
[client]$ nc –v –w 2 [ServerIP] 4444
<
[file]