diff --git a/Python_Concepts.py b/Python_Concepts.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a40f31e --- /dev/null +++ b/Python_Concepts.py @@ -0,0 +1,305 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +"""Untitled1.ipynb + +Automatically generated by Colaboratory. + +Original file is located at + https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1M8npkdFpiHt0lKRgySIMBVBHvwFKtkEy +""" + +print("Hello, World!") + +"""Variables, Operations and Data Types""" + +# Variables and basic operations +a = 5 +b = 3 +print("Sum:", a + b) +print("Difference:", a - b) +print("Product:", a * b) +print("Division:", a / b) + +# Variables and Data Types +number = 10 # Integer +floating_point = 3.14 # Float +text = "Hello, World!" # String +is_true = True # Boolean + +# Checking data types +print(type(number)) +print(type(floating_point)) +print(type(text)) +print(type(is_true)) + +"""Control Structures""" + +# If...Else Statements +x = 10 +if x > 10: + print("x is greater than 10") +elif x == 10: + print("x is equal to 10") +else: + print("x is less than 10") + +"""Loops""" + +# For loop +for i in range(5): + print(i) + +# While loop +counter = 0 +while counter < 5: + print(counter) + counter += 1 + +"""Conditional Statements""" + +# Conditional Statements +x = 10 + +if x > 10: + print("x is greater than 10") +elif x == 10: + print("x is equal to 10") +else: + print("x is less than 10") + +"""Functions""" + +# Functions +def greet(name): + print("Hello, " + name + "!") + +greet("Alice") + +"""Lists and Dictionaries""" + +# Lists +fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] +print(fruits[0]) # Accessing the first element +fruits.append("grape") # Adding an element +print(fruits) + +# Dictionaries +person = { + "name": "Alice", + "age": 30, + "city": "New York" +} +print(person["name"]) # Accessing value by key + +"""Classes and Objects""" + +# Classes and Objects +class Car: + def __init__(self, brand, model): + self.brand = brand + self.model = model + + def display_info(self): + print(f"{self.brand} {self.model}") + +car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla") +car.display_info() + +"""Exception Handling""" + +# Exception Handling +try: + result = 10 / 0 # This will raise a ZeroDivisionError +except ZeroDivisionError as e: + print("Error:", e) + +"""File Handling:""" + +# File Handling - Writing to a file +with open("example.txt", "w") as file: + file.write("This is an example text.") + +# File Handling - Reading from a file +with open("example.txt", "r") as file: + content = file.read() + print(content) + +"""Modules and Libraries""" + +# Modules and Libraries +import math + +print(math.sqrt(25)) + +"""List Comprehensions""" + +# List Comprehensions +numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] +squared_numbers = [num**2 for num in numbers] +print(squared_numbers) + +"""Lambda Functions""" + +# Lambda Functions +square = lambda x: x * x +print(square(5)) + +"""Object-Oriented Programming Concepts""" + +# Inheritance +class Animal: + def sound(self): + pass + +class Dog(Animal): + def sound(self): + print("Woof") + +class Cat(Animal): + def sound(self): + print("Meow") + +dog = Dog() +dog.sound() + +cat = Cat() +cat.sound() + +"""Slicing""" + +my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] + +# Splitting into two parts +split_index = 5 +first_part = my_list[:split_index] +second_part = my_list[split_index:] + +print("First part:", first_part) +print("Second part:", second_part) + +my_string = "apple,orange,banana,grape" +fruits_list = my_string.split(',') +print(fruits_list) + +"""String Operations""" + +# String Concatenation (Merging) +string1 = "Hello, " +string2 = "World!" +merged_string = string1 + string2 +print(merged_string) + +# String Splitting +sentence = "This is a sample sentence." +words = sentence.split() # Splitting by spaces (default) +print(words) + +# Splitting with a specific delimiter +csv_data = "apple,orange,banana,grape" +fruits = csv_data.split(',') +print(fruits) + +# String Substring +text = "Hello, World!" +substring = text[7:] # Extracting substring +print(substring) + +# Changing Case +text_upper = text.upper() +text_lower = text.lower() +print(text_upper) +print(text_lower) + +# String Joining +words_list = ["This", "is", "a", "sentence"] +sentence = ' '.join(words_list) # Joining with a space +print(sentence) + +# String Formatting +name = "Alice" +age = 30 +formatted_string = f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old." +print(formatted_string) + +"""Merging""" + +# Merging Lists +list1 = [1, 2, 3] +list2 = [4, 5, 6] + +# Using the + operator +merged_list = list1 + list2 +print(merged_list) + +# Using the extend() method +list1.extend(list2) +print(list1) + +# Merging Dictionaries +dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} +dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4} + +merged_dict = dict1.copy() # Make a copy to preserve original dict1 +merged_dict.update(dict2) +print(merged_dict) + +# Merging Sets +set1 = {1, 2, 3} +set2 = {3, 4, 5} + +merged_set = set1.union(set2) +print(merged_set) + +# Using the | operator +merged_set_operator = set1 | set2 +print(merged_set_operator) + +# Merging Tuples +tuple1 = (1, 2, 3) +tuple2 = (4, 5, 6) + +merged_tuple = tuple1 + tuple2 +print(merged_tuple) + +"""Generators""" + +# Generator +def square_numbers(nums): + for num in nums: + yield num * num + +my_nums = square_numbers([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) +for num in my_nums: + print(num) + +"""Decorators""" + +# Decorators +def my_decorator(func): + def wrapper(): + print("Something is happening before the function is called.") + func() + print("Something is happening after the function is called.") + return wrapper + +@my_decorator +def say_hello(): + print("Hello!") + +say_hello() + +"""Map, Filter, and Reduce""" + +# Map, Filter, Reduce +# map() +numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] +squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers)) +print(squared) + +# filter() +even_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)) +print(even_numbers) + +# reduce() - (In Python 3, moved to functools module) +from functools import reduce +product = reduce((lambda x, y: x * y), numbers) +print(product) \ No newline at end of file