test_taskinstance.py

#
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# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
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# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
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# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
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# under the License.
from __future__ import annotations

import contextlib
import datetime
import logging
import operator
import os
import pathlib
import pickle
import signal
import sys
import urllib
from traceback import format_exception
from typing import cast
from unittest import mock
from unittest.mock import call, mock_open, patch
from uuid import uuid4

import pendulum
import pytest
import time_machine
from sqlalchemy import select

from airflow import settings
from airflow.datasets import DatasetAlias
from airflow.decorators import task, task_group
from airflow.example_dags.plugins.workday import AfterWorkdayTimetable
from airflow.exceptions import (
    AirflowException,
    AirflowFailException,
    AirflowRescheduleException,
    AirflowSensorTimeout,
    AirflowSkipException,
    AirflowTaskTerminated,
    RemovedInAirflow3Warning,
    UnmappableXComLengthPushed,
    UnmappableXComTypePushed,
    XComForMappingNotPushed,
)
from airflow.models.connection import Connection
from airflow.models.dag import DAG
from airflow.models.dagbag import DagBag
from airflow.models.dagrun import DagRun
from airflow.models.dataset import DatasetAliasModel, DatasetDagRunQueue, DatasetEvent, DatasetModel
from airflow.models.expandinput import EXPAND_INPUT_EMPTY, NotFullyPopulated
from airflow.models.param import process_params
from airflow.models.pool import Pool
from airflow.models.renderedtifields import RenderedTaskInstanceFields
from airflow.models.serialized_dag import SerializedDagModel
from airflow.models.taskfail import TaskFail
from airflow.models.taskinstance import (
    TaskInstance,
    TaskInstance as TI,
    TaskInstanceNote,
    _run_finished_callback,
)
from airflow.models.taskinstancehistory import TaskInstanceHistory
from airflow.models.taskmap import TaskMap
from airflow.models.taskreschedule import TaskReschedule
from airflow.models.variable import Variable
from airflow.models.xcom import LazyXComSelectSequence, XCom
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.operators.empty import EmptyOperator
from airflow.operators.python import PythonOperator
from airflow.sensors.base import BaseSensorOperator
from airflow.sensors.python import PythonSensor
from airflow.serialization.serialized_objects import SerializedBaseOperator, SerializedDAG
from airflow.settings import TIMEZONE, TracebackSessionForTests
from airflow.stats import Stats
from airflow.ti_deps.dep_context import DepContext
from airflow.ti_deps.dependencies_deps import REQUEUEABLE_DEPS, RUNNING_DEPS
from airflow.ti_deps.dependencies_states import RUNNABLE_STATES
from airflow.ti_deps.deps.base_ti_dep import TIDepStatus
from airflow.ti_deps.deps.trigger_rule_dep import TriggerRuleDep, _UpstreamTIStates
from airflow.utils import timezone
from airflow.utils.db import merge_conn
from airflow.utils.module_loading import qualname
from airflow.utils.session import create_session, provide_session
from airflow.utils.state import DagRunState, State, TaskInstanceState
from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroup
from airflow.utils.task_instance_session import set_current_task_instance_session
from airflow.utils.types import DagRunType
from airflow.utils.xcom import XCOM_RETURN_KEY
from tests.models import DEFAULT_DATE, TEST_DAGS_FOLDER
from tests.test_utils import db
from tests.test_utils.config import conf_vars
from tests.test_utils.db import clear_db_connections, clear_db_runs
from tests.test_utils.mock_operators import MockOperator

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.db_test]


@pytest.fixture
def test_pool():
    with create_session() as session:
        test_pool = Pool(pool="test_pool", slots=1, include_deferred=False)
        session.add(test_pool)
        session.flush()
        yield test_pool
        session.rollback()


@pytest.fixture
def task_reschedules_for_ti():
    def wrapper(ti):
        with create_session() as session:
            return session.scalars(TaskReschedule.stmt_for_task_instance(ti=ti, descending=False)).all()

    return wrapper


class CallbackWrapper:
    task_id: str | None = None
    dag_id: str | None = None
    execution_date: datetime.datetime | None = None
    task_state_in_callback: str | None = None
    callback_ran = False

    def wrap_task_instance(self, ti):
        self.task_id = ti.task_id
        self.dag_id = ti.dag_id
        self.execution_date = ti.execution_date
        self.task_state_in_callback = ""
        self.callback_ran = False

    def success_handler(self, context):
        self.callback_ran = True
        self.task_state_in_callback = context["ti"].state


class TestTaskInstance:
    @staticmethod
    def clean_db():
        db.clear_db_dags()
        db.clear_db_pools()
        db.clear_db_runs()
        db.clear_db_task_fail()
        db.clear_rendered_ti_fields()
        db.clear_db_task_reschedule()
        db.clear_db_datasets()
        db.clear_db_xcom()

    def setup_method(self):
        self.clean_db()

        # We don't want to store any code for (test) dags created in this file
        with patch.object(settings, "STORE_DAG_CODE", False):
            yield

    def teardown_method(self):
        self.clean_db()

    def test_set_task_dates(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test that tasks properly take start/end dates from DAGs
        """
        with dag_maker("dag", end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=10)) as dag:
            pass

        op1 = EmptyOperator(task_id="op_1")

        assert op1.start_date is None
        assert op1.end_date is None

        # dag should assign its dates to op1 because op1 has no dates
        dag.add_task(op1)
        dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        assert op1.start_date == dag.start_date
        assert op1.end_date == dag.end_date

        op2 = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="op_2",
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=11),
        )

        # dag should assign its dates to op2 because they are more restrictive
        dag.add_task(op2)
        assert op2.start_date == dag.start_date
        assert op2.end_date == dag.end_date

        op3 = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="op_3",
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=9),
        )
        # op3 should keep its dates because they are more restrictive
        dag.add_task(op3)
        assert op3.start_date == DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        assert op3.end_date == DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=9)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_current_state(self, create_task_instance, session):
        ti = create_task_instance(session=session)
        assert ti.current_state(session=session) is None
        ti.run()
        assert ti.current_state(session=session) == State.SUCCESS

    def test_set_dag(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test assigning Operators to Dags, including deferred assignment
        """
        with dag_maker("dag") as dag:
            pass
        with dag_maker("dag2") as dag2:
            pass
        op = EmptyOperator(task_id="op_1")

        # no dag assigned
        assert not op.has_dag()
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            getattr(op, "dag")

        # no improper assignment
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            op.dag = 1

        op.dag = dag

        # no reassignment
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            op.dag = dag2

        # but assigning the same dag is ok
        op.dag = dag

        assert op.dag is dag
        assert op in dag.tasks

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_infer_dag(self, create_dummy_dag):
        op1 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_op_1")
        op2 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_op_2")

        dag, op3 = create_dummy_dag(task_id="test_op_3")

        _, op4 = create_dummy_dag("dag2", task_id="test_op_4")

        # double check dags
        assert [i.has_dag() for i in [op1, op2, op3, op4]] == [False, False, True, True]

        # can't combine operators with no dags
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            op1.set_downstream(op2)

        # op2 should infer dag from op1
        op1.dag = dag
        op1.set_downstream(op2)
        assert op2.dag is dag

        # can't assign across multiple DAGs
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            op1.set_downstream(op4)
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            op1.set_downstream([op3, op4])

    def test_bitshift_compose_operators(self, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker("dag"):
            op1 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_op_1")
            op2 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_op_2")
            op3 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_op_3")

            op1 >> op2 << op3
        dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        # op2 should be downstream of both
        assert op2 in op1.downstream_list
        assert op2 in op3.downstream_list

    def test_init_on_load(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        # ensure log is correctly created for ORM ti
        assert ti.log.name == "airflow.task"
        assert not ti.test_mode

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode, mock not on server side
    @patch.object(DAG, "get_concurrency_reached")
    def test_requeue_over_dag_concurrency(self, mock_concurrency_reached, create_task_instance, dag_maker):
        mock_concurrency_reached.return_value = True

        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_requeue_over_dag_concurrency",
            task_id="test_requeue_over_dag_concurrency_op",
            max_active_runs=1,
            max_active_tasks=2,
            dagrun_state=State.QUEUED,
        )
        ti.run()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE

    def test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dag(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dag",
            task_id="test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dag_op",
            max_active_tis_per_dag=0,
            max_active_runs=1,
            max_active_tasks=2,
            dagrun_state=State.QUEUED,
            serialized=True,
        )

        ti.run()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE

    def test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dagrun(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dagrun",
            task_id="test_requeue_over_max_active_tis_per_dagrun_op",
            max_active_tis_per_dagrun=0,
            max_active_runs=1,
            max_active_tasks=2,
            dagrun_state=State.QUEUED,
            serialized=True,
        )

        ti.run()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE

    def test_requeue_over_pool_concurrency(self, create_task_instance, test_pool):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_requeue_over_pool_concurrency",
            task_id="test_requeue_over_pool_concurrency_op",
            max_active_tis_per_dag=0,
            max_active_runs=1,
            max_active_tasks=2,
            serialized=True,
        )
        with create_session() as session:
            test_pool.slots = 0
            session.flush()
            ti.run()
            assert ti.state == State.NONE

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_pool")
    def test_not_requeue_non_requeueable_task_instance(self, dag_maker):
        # Use BaseSensorOperator because sensor got
        # one additional DEP in BaseSensorOperator().deps
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_requeue_non_requeueable_task_instance"):
            task = BaseSensorOperator(
                task_id="test_not_requeue_non_requeueable_task_instance_op",
                pool="test_pool",
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.state = State.QUEUED
        with create_session() as session:
            session.add(ti)
            session.commit()

        all_deps = RUNNING_DEPS | task.deps
        all_non_requeueable_deps = all_deps - REQUEUEABLE_DEPS
        patch_dict = {}
        for dep in all_non_requeueable_deps:
            class_name = dep.__class__.__name__
            dep_patch = patch(f"{dep.__module__}.{class_name}.{dep._get_dep_statuses.__name__}")
            method_patch = dep_patch.start()
            method_patch.return_value = iter([TIDepStatus("mock_" + class_name, True, "mock")])
            patch_dict[class_name] = (dep_patch, method_patch)

        for class_name, (dep_patch, method_patch) in patch_dict.items():
            method_patch.return_value = iter([TIDepStatus("mock_" + class_name, False, "mock")])
            ti.run()
            assert ti.state == State.QUEUED
            dep_patch.return_value = TIDepStatus("mock_" + class_name, True, "mock")

        for dep_patch, _ in patch_dict.values():
            dep_patch.stop()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_mark_non_runnable_task_as_success(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        test that running task with mark_success param update task state
        as SUCCESS without running task despite it fails dependency checks.
        """
        non_runnable_state = (set(State.task_states) - RUNNABLE_STATES - set(State.SUCCESS)).pop()
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_mark_non_runnable_task_as_success",
            task_id="test_mark_non_runnable_task_as_success_op",
            state=non_runnable_state,
        )
        ti.run(mark_success=True)
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_pool")
    def test_run_pooling_task(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        test that running a task in an existing pool update task state as SUCCESS.
        """
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_run_pooling_task",
            task_id="test_run_pooling_task_op",
            pool="test_pool",
            serialized=True,
        )

        ti.run()

        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_pool")
    def test_pool_slots_property(self):
        """
        test that try to create a task with pool_slots less than 1
        """

        dag = DAG(dag_id="test_run_pooling_task", schedule=None)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="pool slots .* cannot be less than 1"):
            EmptyOperator(
                task_id="test_run_pooling_task_op",
                dag=dag,
                pool="test_pool",
                pool_slots=0,
            )

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @provide_session
    def test_ti_updates_with_task(self, create_task_instance, session=None):
        """
        test that updating the executor_config propagates to the TaskInstance DB
        """
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_run_pooling_task",
            task_id="test_run_pooling_task_op",
            executor_config={"foo": "bar"},
        )
        dag = ti.task.dag

        ti.run(session=session)
        tis = dag.get_task_instances()
        assert {"foo": "bar"} == tis[0].executor_config
        task2 = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="test_run_pooling_task_op2",
            executor_config={"bar": "baz"},
            start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0),
            dag=dag,
        )

        ti2 = TI(task=task2, run_id=ti.run_id)
        session.add(ti2)
        session.flush()

        ti2.run(session=session)
        # Ensure it's reloaded
        ti2.executor_config = None
        ti2.refresh_from_db(session)
        assert {"bar": "baz"} == ti2.executor_config
        session.rollback()

    def test_run_pooling_task_with_mark_success(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        test that running task in an existing pool with mark_success param
        update task state as SUCCESS without running task
        despite it fails dependency checks.
        """
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_run_pooling_task_with_mark_success",
            task_id="test_run_pooling_task_with_mark_success_op",
            serialized=True,
        )

        ti.run(mark_success=True)
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    def test_run_pooling_task_with_skip(self, dag_maker):
        """
        test that running task which returns AirflowSkipOperator will end
        up in a SKIPPED state.
        """

        def raise_skip_exception():
            raise AirflowSkipException

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_run_pooling_task_with_skip", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_run_pooling_task_with_skip",
                python_callable=raise_skip_exception,
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow())
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.run()
        assert State.SKIPPED == ti.state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_task_sigterm_calls_on_failure_callback(self, dag_maker, caplog):
        """
        Test that ensures that tasks call on_failure_callback when they receive sigterm
        """

        def task_function(ti):
            os.kill(ti.pid, signal.SIGTERM)

        with dag_maker():
            task_ = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_on_failure",
                python_callable=task_function,
                on_failure_callback=lambda context: context["ti"].log.info("on_failure_callback called"),
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task_
        with pytest.raises(AirflowTaskTerminated):
            ti.run()
        assert "on_failure_callback called" in caplog.text

    def test_task_sigterm_works_with_retries(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test that ensures that tasks are retried when they receive sigterm
        """

        def task_function(ti):
            os.kill(ti.pid, signal.SIGTERM)

        with dag_maker("test_mark_failure_2", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_on_failure",
                python_callable=task_function,
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with pytest.raises(AirflowTaskTerminated):
            ti.run()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode as DB access in code
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("state", [State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED, State.SKIPPED])
    def test_task_sigterm_doesnt_change_state_of_finished_tasks(self, state, dag_maker):
        session = settings.Session()

        def task_function(ti):
            ti.state = state
            session.merge(ti)
            session.commit()
            raise AirflowException()

        with dag_maker("test_mark_failure_2"):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_on_failure",
                python_callable=task_function,
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        ti.run()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        ti.state == state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "state, exception, retries",
        [
            (State.FAILED, AirflowException, 0),
            (State.SKIPPED, AirflowSkipException, 0),
            (State.SUCCESS, None, 0),
            (State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, AirflowRescheduleException(timezone.utcnow()), 0),
            (State.UP_FOR_RETRY, AirflowException, 1),
        ],
    )
    def test_task_wipes_next_fields(self, session, dag_maker, state, exception, retries):
        """
        Test that ensures that tasks wipe their next_method and next_kwargs
        when the TI enters one of the configured states.
        """

        def _raise_if_exception():
            if exception:
                raise exception

        with dag_maker("test_deferred_method_clear"):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_deferred_method_clear_task",
                python_callable=_raise_if_exception,
                retries=retries,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.next_method = "execute"
        ti.next_kwargs = {}
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()

        ti.task = task
        if state in [State.FAILED, State.UP_FOR_RETRY]:
            with pytest.raises(exception):
                ti.run()
        else:
            ti.run()
        ti.refresh_from_db()

        assert ti.next_method is None
        assert ti.next_kwargs is None
        assert ti.state == state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_retry_delay(self, dag_maker, time_machine):
        """
        Test that retry delays are respected
        """
        time_machine.move_to("2021-09-19 04:56:35", tick=False)
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_retry_handling"):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="test_retry_handling_op",
                bash_command="exit 1",
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=3),
            )

        def run_with_error(ti):
            with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
                ti.run()

        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        # first run -- up for retry
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert ti.try_number == 1

        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        # second run -- still up for retry because retry_delay hasn't expired
        time_machine.coordinates.shift(3)
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert ti.try_number == 2

        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        # third run -- failed
        time_machine.coordinates.shift(datetime.datetime.resolution)
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.FAILED
        assert ti.try_number == 3

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_retry_handling(self, dag_maker, session):
        """
        Test that task retries are handled properly
        """
        expected_rendered_ti_fields = {
            "env": None,
            "bash_command": "echo test_retry_handling; exit 1",
            "cwd": None,
        }

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_retry_handling") as dag:
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="test_retry_handling_op",
                bash_command="echo {{dag.dag_id}}; exit 1",
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
            )

        def run_with_error(ti):
            with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
                ti.run()

        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1
        session.commit()

        # first run -- up for retry
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert ti.try_number == 1

        session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1
        session.commit()

        # second run -- fail
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.FAILED
        assert ti.try_number == 2

        # Clear the TI state since you can't run a task with a FAILED state without
        # clearing it first
        dag.clear()

        session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1
        session.commit()

        # third run -- up for retry
        run_with_error(ti)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert ti.try_number == 3

        session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1
        session.commit()

        # fourth run -- fail
        run_with_error(ti)
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.FAILED
        assert ti.try_number == 4
        assert RenderedTaskInstanceFields.get_templated_fields(ti) == expected_rendered_ti_fields

    def test_next_retry_datetime(self, dag_maker):
        delay = datetime.timedelta(seconds=30)
        max_delay = datetime.timedelta(minutes=60)

        with dag_maker(dag_id="fail_dag"):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="task_with_exp_backoff_and_max_delay",
                bash_command="exit 1",
                retries=3,
                retry_delay=delay,
                retry_exponential_backoff=True,
                max_retry_delay=max_delay,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.end_date = pendulum.instance(timezone.utcnow())

        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        # between 30 * 2^0.5 and 30 * 2^1 (15 and 30)
        period = ti.end_date.add(seconds=30) - ti.end_date.add(seconds=15)
        assert date in period

        ti.try_number = 3
        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        # between 30 * 2^2 and 30 * 2^3 (120 and 240)
        period = ti.end_date.add(seconds=240) - ti.end_date.add(seconds=120)
        assert date in period

        ti.try_number = 5
        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        # between 30 * 2^4 and 30 * 2^5 (480 and 960)
        period = ti.end_date.add(seconds=960) - ti.end_date.add(seconds=480)
        assert date in period

        ti.try_number = 9
        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        assert date == ti.end_date + max_delay

        ti.try_number = 50
        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        assert date == ti.end_date + max_delay

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("seconds", [0, 0.5, 1])
    def test_next_retry_datetime_short_or_zero_intervals(self, dag_maker, seconds):
        delay = datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
        max_delay = datetime.timedelta(minutes=60)

        with dag_maker(dag_id="fail_dag"):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="task_with_exp_backoff_and_short_or_zero_time_interval",
                bash_command="exit 1",
                retries=3,
                retry_delay=delay,
                retry_exponential_backoff=True,
                max_retry_delay=max_delay,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.end_date = pendulum.instance(timezone.utcnow())

        date = ti.next_retry_datetime()
        assert date == ti.end_date + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_reschedule_handling(self, dag_maker, task_reschedules_for_ti):
        """
        Test that task reschedules are handled properly
        """
        # Return values of the python sensor callable, modified during tests
        done = False
        fail = False

        def func():
            if fail:
                raise AirflowException()
            return done

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_reschedule_handling") as dag:
            task = PythonSensor(
                task_id="test_reschedule_handling_sensor",
                poke_interval=0,
                mode="reschedule",
                python_callable=func,
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
            )

        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        date1 = timezone.utcnow()
        date2 = date1 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
        date3 = date2 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
        date4 = date3 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)

        def run_ti_and_assert(
            run_date,
            expected_start_date,
            expected_end_date,
            expected_duration,
            expected_state,
            expected_try_number,
            expected_task_reschedule_count,
        ):
            with time_machine.travel(run_date, tick=False):
                exc = None
                try:
                    ti.run()
                except AirflowException as e:
                    exc = e
                    if not fail:
                        raise
                if exc and not fail:
                    raise RuntimeError("expected to fail")
            ti.refresh_from_db()
            assert ti.state == expected_state
            assert ti.try_number == expected_try_number
            assert ti.start_date == expected_start_date
            assert ti.end_date == expected_end_date
            assert ti.duration == expected_duration
            assert len(task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)) == expected_task_reschedule_count

        # Run with multiple reschedules.
        # During reschedule the try number remains the same, but each reschedule is recorded.
        # The start date is expected to remain the initial date, hence the duration increases.
        # When there's a new try (task run following something other than a reschedule), then
        # the scheduler will increment the try_number. We do that inline here since
        # we're not using the scheduler.

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 1)

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date2, date1, date2, 60, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 2)

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date3, date1, date3, 120, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 3)

        done, fail = True, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date4, date1, date4, 180, State.SUCCESS, 0, 3)

        # Clear the task instance.
        dag.clear()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        # We will run it again with reschedules and a retry.

        # We increment the try number because that's what the scheduler would do
        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        # After the retry the start date is reset, hence the duration is also reset.

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 1, 1)

        done, fail = False, True
        run_ti_and_assert(date2, date1, date2, 60, State.UP_FOR_RETRY, 1, 1)

        # scheduler would create a new try here
        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date3, date3, date3, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 2, 1)

        done, fail = True, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date4, date3, date4, 60, State.SUCCESS, 2, 1)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_mapped_reschedule_handling(self, dag_maker, task_reschedules_for_ti):
        """
        Test that mapped task reschedules are handled properly
        """
        # Return values of the python sensor callable, modified during tests
        done = False
        fail = False

        def func():
            if fail:
                raise AirflowException()
            return done

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_reschedule_handling") as dag:
            task = PythonSensor.partial(
                task_id="test_reschedule_handling_sensor",
                mode="reschedule",
                python_callable=func,
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
            ).expand(poke_interval=[0])

        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]

        ti.task = task
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        def run_ti_and_assert(
            run_date,
            expected_start_date,
            expected_end_date,
            expected_duration,
            expected_state,
            expected_try_number,
            expected_task_reschedule_count,
        ):
            ti.refresh_from_task(task)
            with time_machine.travel(run_date, tick=False):
                try:
                    ti.run()
                except AirflowException:
                    if not fail:
                        raise
            ti.refresh_from_db()
            assert ti.state == expected_state
            assert ti.try_number == expected_try_number
            assert ti.start_date == expected_start_date
            assert ti.end_date == expected_end_date
            assert ti.duration == expected_duration
            assert len(task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)) == expected_task_reschedule_count

        date1 = timezone.utcnow()
        date2 = date1 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
        date3 = date2 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
        date4 = date3 + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)

        # Run with multiple reschedules.
        # During reschedule the try number remains the same, but each reschedule is recorded.
        # The start date is expected to remain the initial date, hence the duration increases.
        # When finished the try number is incremented and there is no reschedule expected
        # for this try.

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 1)

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date2, date1, date2, 60, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 2)

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date3, date1, date3, 120, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 3)

        done, fail = True, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date4, date1, date4, 180, State.SUCCESS, 0, 3)

        # Clear the task instance.
        dag.clear()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        # Run again after clearing with reschedules and a retry.

        # We increment the try number because that's what the scheduler would do
        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        # After the retry the start date is reset, hence the duration is also reset.

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 1, 1)

        done, fail = False, True
        run_ti_and_assert(date2, date1, date2, 60, State.UP_FOR_RETRY, 1, 1)

        with create_session() as session:
            session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date3, date3, date3, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 2, 1)

        done, fail = True, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date4, date3, date4, 60, State.SUCCESS, 2, 1)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_pool")
    def test_mapped_task_reschedule_handling_clear_reschedules(self, dag_maker, task_reschedules_for_ti):
        """
        Test that mapped task reschedules clearing are handled properly
        """
        # Return values of the python sensor callable, modified during tests
        done = False
        fail = False

        def func():
            if fail:
                raise AirflowException()
            return done

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_reschedule_handling") as dag:
            task = PythonSensor.partial(
                task_id="test_reschedule_handling_sensor",
                mode="reschedule",
                python_callable=func,
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
                pool="test_pool",
            ).expand(poke_interval=[0])
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        def run_ti_and_assert(
            run_date,
            expected_start_date,
            expected_end_date,
            expected_duration,
            expected_state,
            expected_try_number,
            expected_task_reschedule_count,
        ):
            ti.refresh_from_task(task)
            with time_machine.travel(run_date, tick=False):
                try:
                    ti.run()
                except AirflowException:
                    if not fail:
                        raise
            ti.refresh_from_db()
            assert ti.state == expected_state
            assert ti.try_number == expected_try_number
            assert ti.start_date == expected_start_date
            assert ti.end_date == expected_end_date
            assert ti.duration == expected_duration
            assert len(task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)) == expected_task_reschedule_count

        date1 = timezone.utcnow()

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 1)

        # Clear the task instance.
        dag.clear()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE
        assert ti.try_number == 0
        # Check that reschedules for ti have also been cleared.
        assert not task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_pool")
    def test_reschedule_handling_clear_reschedules(self, dag_maker, task_reschedules_for_ti):
        """
        Test that task reschedules clearing are handled properly
        """
        # Return values of the python sensor callable, modified during tests
        done = False
        fail = False

        def func():
            if fail:
                raise AirflowException()
            return done

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_reschedule_handling") as dag:
            task = PythonSensor(
                task_id="test_reschedule_handling_sensor",
                poke_interval=0,
                mode="reschedule",
                python_callable=func,
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
                pool="test_pool",
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        assert ti.try_number == 0

        def run_ti_and_assert(
            run_date,
            expected_start_date,
            expected_end_date,
            expected_duration,
            expected_state,
            expected_try_number,
            expected_task_reschedule_count,
        ):
            with time_machine.travel(run_date, tick=False):
                try:
                    ti.run()
                except AirflowException:
                    if not fail:
                        raise
            ti.refresh_from_db()
            assert ti.state == expected_state
            assert ti.try_number == expected_try_number
            assert ti.start_date == expected_start_date
            assert ti.end_date == expected_end_date
            assert ti.duration == expected_duration
            assert len(task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)) == expected_task_reschedule_count

        date1 = timezone.utcnow()

        done, fail = False, False
        run_ti_and_assert(date1, date1, date1, 0, State.UP_FOR_RESCHEDULE, 0, 1)

        # Clear the task instance.
        dag.clear()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.NONE
        assert ti.try_number == 0
        # Check that reschedules for ti have also been cleared.
        assert not task_reschedules_for_ti(ti)

    def test_depends_on_past(self, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_depends_on_past", serialized=True):
            task = EmptyOperator(
                task_id="test_dop_task",
                depends_on_past=True,
            )
        dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            state=State.FAILED,
            run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
        )

        run_date = task.start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=5)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=run_date,
            run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
        )

        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        # depends_on_past prevents the run
        task.run(start_date=run_date, end_date=run_date, ignore_first_depends_on_past=False)
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state is None

        # ignore first depends_on_past to allow the run
        task.run(start_date=run_date, end_date=run_date, ignore_first_depends_on_past=True)
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    # Parameterized tests to check for the correct firing
    # of the trigger_rule under various circumstances
    # Numeric fields are in order:
    #   successes, skipped, failed, upstream_failed, removed, done
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "trigger_rule, upstream_setups, upstream_states, flag_upstream_failed, expect_state, expect_passed",
        [
            #
            # Tests for all_success
            #
            ["all_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["all_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            #
            # Tests for one_success
            #
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 4, 1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            #
            # Tests for all_failed
            #
            ["all_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            #
            # Tests for one_failed
            #
            ["one_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["one_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["one_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["one_failed", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            #
            # Tests for done
            #
            ["all_done", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_done", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            #
            # Tests for all_done_setup_success: no upstream setups -> same as all_done
            #
            ["all_done_setup_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_done_setup_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done_setup_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done_setup_success", 0, _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            #
            # Tests for all_done_setup_success: with upstream setups -> different from all_done
            #
            # params:
            #   trigger_rule
            #   upstream_setups
            #   upstream_states
            #   flag_upstream_failed
            #   expect_state
            #   expect_passed
            # states: success, skipped, failed, upstream_failed, removed, done, success_setup, skipped_setup
            # all setups succeeded - one
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 1, 0),
                True,
                None,
                True,
                id="all setups succeeded - one",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 2, 0),
                True,
                None,
                True,
                id="all setups succeeded - two",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0),
                True,
                State.UPSTREAM_FAILED,
                False,
                id="setups failed - one",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 2, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0),
                True,
                State.UPSTREAM_FAILED,
                False,
                id="setups failed - two",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 1),
                True,
                State.SKIPPED,
                False,
                id="setups skipped - one",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(5, 2, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 2),
                True,
                State.SKIPPED,
                False,
                id="setups skipped - two",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(5, 1, 1, 0, 0, 7, 0, 1),
                True,
                State.UPSTREAM_FAILED,
                False,
                id="one setup failed one setup skipped",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 7, 1, 0),
                True,
                (True, None),  # is_teardown=True, expect_state=None
                True,
                id="is teardown one setup failed one setup success",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(6, 0, 1, 0, 0, 7, 1, 0),
                True,
                (False, "upstream_failed"),  # is_teardown=False, expect_state="upstream_failed"
                True,
                id="not teardown one setup failed one setup success",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 7, 1, 1),
                True,
                (True, None),  # is_teardown=True, expect_state=None
                True,
                id="is teardown one setup success one setup skipped",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                2,
                _UpstreamTIStates(6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 7, 1, 1),
                True,
                (False, "skipped"),  # is_teardown=False, expect_state="skipped"
                True,
                id="not teardown one setup success one setup skipped",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0),
                True,
                None,
                False,
                id="not all done",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0),
                True,
                (True, None),  # is_teardown=True, expect_state=None
                False,
                id="is teardown not all done one failed",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0),
                True,
                (False, "upstream_failed"),  # is_teardown=False, expect_state="upstream_failed"
                False,
                id="not teardown not all done one failed",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0),
                True,
                (True, None),  # is_teardown=True, expect_state=None
                False,
                id="not all done one skipped",
            ),
            pytest.param(
                "all_done_setup_success",
                1,
                _UpstreamTIStates(3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0),
                True,
                (False, "skipped"),  # is_teardown=False, expect_state="skipped'
                False,
                id="not all done one skipped",
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_check_task_dependencies(
        self,
        monkeypatch,
        dag_maker,
        trigger_rule: str,
        upstream_setups: int,
        upstream_states: _UpstreamTIStates,
        flag_upstream_failed: bool,
        expect_state: State,
        expect_passed: bool,
    ):
        # this allows us to change the expected state depending on whether the
        # task is a teardown
        set_teardown = False
        if isinstance(expect_state, tuple):
            set_teardown, expect_state = expect_state
            assert isinstance(set_teardown, bool)

        monkeypatch.setattr(_UpstreamTIStates, "calculate", lambda *_: upstream_states)

        # sanity checks
        s = upstream_states
        assert s.skipped >= s.skipped_setup
        assert s.success >= s.success_setup
        assert s.done == s.failed + s.success + s.removed + s.upstream_failed + s.skipped

        with dag_maker() as dag:
            downstream = EmptyOperator(task_id="downstream", trigger_rule=trigger_rule)
            if set_teardown:
                downstream.as_teardown()
            for i in range(5):
                task = EmptyOperator(task_id=f"work_{i}", dag=dag)
                task.set_downstream(downstream)
            for i in range(upstream_setups):
                task = EmptyOperator(task_id=f"setup_{i}", dag=dag).as_setup()
                task.set_downstream(downstream)
            assert task.start_date is not None
            run_date = task.start_date + datetime.timedelta(days=5)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=run_date)
        dag_maker.session.commit()
        ti = dr.get_task_instance(downstream.task_id)
        ti.task = downstream

        dep_results = TriggerRuleDep()._evaluate_trigger_rule(
            ti=ti,
            dep_context=DepContext(flag_upstream_failed=flag_upstream_failed),
            session=dag_maker.session,
        )
        completed = all(dep.passed for dep in dep_results)

        ti = dr.get_task_instance(downstream.task_id)

        assert completed == expect_passed
        assert ti.state == expect_state

    # Parameterized tests to check for the correct firing
    # of the trigger_rule under various circumstances of mapped task
    # Numeric fields are in order:
    #   successes, skipped, failed, upstream_failed, done,remove
    # Does not work for database isolation mode because there is local test monkeypatching of upstream_failed
    # That never gets propagated to internal_api
    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "trigger_rule, upstream_states, flag_upstream_failed, expect_state, expect_completed",
        [
            #
            # Tests for all_success
            #
            ["all_success", _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["all_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            # ti.map_index >= success
            ["all_success", _UpstreamTIStates(3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0), True, State.REMOVED, True],
            #
            # Tests for one_success
            #
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 4, 1, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ["one_success", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            #
            # Tests for all_failed
            #
            ["all_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ["all_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            [
                "all_failed",
                _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0),
                True,
                State.SKIPPED,
                False,
            ],  # One removed
            #
            # Tests for one_failed
            #
            ["one_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["one_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["one_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["one_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["one_failed", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            [
                "one_failed",
                _UpstreamTIStates(2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 5, 0, 0),
                True,
                State.SKIPPED,
                False,
            ],  # One removed
            #
            # Tests for done
            #
            ["all_done", _UpstreamTIStates(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0), True, None, True],
            ["all_done", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
            ["all_done", _UpstreamTIStates(2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0), True, None, False],
        ],
    )
    def test_check_task_dependencies_for_mapped(
        self,
        monkeypatch,
        dag_maker,
        session,
        trigger_rule: str,
        upstream_states: _UpstreamTIStates,
        flag_upstream_failed: bool,
        expect_state: State,
        expect_completed: bool,
    ):
        from airflow.decorators import task

        @task
        def do_something(i):
            return 1

        @task(trigger_rule=trigger_rule)
        def do_something_else(i):
            return 1

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_dag", session=session):
            nums = do_something.expand(i=[i + 1 for i in range(5)])
            do_something_else.expand(i=nums)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        dag_maker.session.commit()
        monkeypatch.setattr(_UpstreamTIStates, "calculate", lambda *_: upstream_states)
        ti = dr.get_task_instance("do_something_else", session=session)
        ti.map_index = 0
        base_task = ti.task

        for map_index in range(1, 5):
            ti = TaskInstance(base_task, run_id=dr.run_id, map_index=map_index)
            session.add(ti)
            ti.dag_run = dr
        session.flush()
        session.commit()
        downstream = ti.task
        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="do_something_else", map_index=3, session=session)
        ti.task = downstream
        dep_results = TriggerRuleDep()._evaluate_trigger_rule(
            ti=ti,
            dep_context=DepContext(flag_upstream_failed=flag_upstream_failed),
            session=session,
        )
        TracebackSessionForTests.set_allow_db_access(session, True)
        completed = all(dep.passed for dep in dep_results)
        TracebackSessionForTests.set_allow_db_access(session, False)
        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="do_something_else", map_index=3, session=session)

        assert completed == expect_completed
        assert ti.state == expect_state

    def test_respects_prev_dagrun_dep(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        failing_status = [TIDepStatus("test fail status name", False, "test fail reason")]
        passing_status = [TIDepStatus("test pass status name", True, "test passing reason")]
        with patch(
            "airflow.ti_deps.deps.prev_dagrun_dep.PrevDagrunDep.get_dep_statuses", return_value=failing_status
        ):
            assert not ti.are_dependencies_met()
        with patch(
            "airflow.ti_deps.deps.prev_dagrun_dep.PrevDagrunDep.get_dep_statuses", return_value=passing_status
        ):
            assert ti.are_dependencies_met()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "downstream_ti_state, expected_are_dependents_done",
        [
            (State.SUCCESS, True),
            (State.SKIPPED, True),
            (State.RUNNING, False),
            (State.FAILED, False),
            (State.NONE, False),
        ],
    )
    @provide_session
    def test_are_dependents_done(
        self, downstream_ti_state, expected_are_dependents_done, create_task_instance, session=None
    ):
        ti = create_task_instance(session=session)
        dag = ti.task.dag
        downstream_task = EmptyOperator(task_id="downstream_task", dag=dag)
        ti.task >> downstream_task

        downstream_ti = TI(downstream_task, run_id=ti.run_id)

        downstream_ti.set_state(downstream_ti_state, session)
        session.flush()
        assert ti.are_dependents_done(session) == expected_are_dependents_done

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_xcom_pull(self, dag_maker):
        """Test xcom_pull, using different filtering methods."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom") as dag:
            task_1 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_xcom_1")
            task_2 = EmptyOperator(task_id="test_xcom_2")

        dagrun = dag_maker.create_dagrun(start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0))
        ti1 = dagrun.get_task_instance(task_1.task_id)

        # Push a value
        ti1.xcom_push(key="foo", value="bar")

        # Push another value with the same key (but by a different task)
        XCom.set(key="foo", value="baz", task_id=task_2.task_id, dag_id=dag.dag_id, run_id=dagrun.run_id)

        # Pull with no arguments
        result = ti1.xcom_pull()
        assert result is None
        # Pull the value pushed most recently by any task.
        result = ti1.xcom_pull(key="foo")
        assert result in "baz"
        # Pull the value pushed by the first task
        result = ti1.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom_1", key="foo")
        assert result == "bar"
        # Pull the value pushed by the second task
        result = ti1.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom_2", key="foo")
        assert result == "baz"
        # Pull the values pushed by both tasks & Verify Order of task_ids pass & values returned
        result = ti1.xcom_pull(task_ids=["test_xcom_1", "test_xcom_2"], key="foo")
        assert result == ["bar", "baz"]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_xcom_pull_mapped(self, dag_maker, session):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", session=session):
            # Use the private _expand() method to avoid the empty kwargs check.
            # We don't care about how the operator runs here, only its presence.
            task_1 = EmptyOperator.partial(task_id="task_1")._expand(EXPAND_INPUT_EMPTY, strict=False)
            EmptyOperator(task_id="task_2")

        dagrun = dag_maker.create_dagrun(start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0))

        ti_1_0 = dagrun.get_task_instance("task_1", session=session)
        ti_1_0.map_index = 0
        ti_1_1 = session.merge(TI(task_1, run_id=dagrun.run_id, map_index=1, state=ti_1_0.state))
        session.flush()

        ti_1_0.xcom_push(key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY, value="a", session=session)
        ti_1_1.xcom_push(key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY, value="b", session=session)

        ti_2 = dagrun.get_task_instance("task_2", session=session)

        assert set(ti_2.xcom_pull(["task_1"], session=session)) == {"a", "b"}  # Ordering not guaranteed.
        assert ti_2.xcom_pull(["task_1"], map_indexes=0, session=session) == ["a"]

        assert ti_2.xcom_pull(map_indexes=[0, 1], session=session) == ["a", "b"]
        assert ti_2.xcom_pull("task_1", map_indexes=[1, 0], session=session) == ["b", "a"]
        assert ti_2.xcom_pull(["task_1"], map_indexes=[0, 1], session=session) == ["a", "b"]

        assert ti_2.xcom_pull("task_1", map_indexes=1, session=session) == "b"
        assert list(ti_2.xcom_pull("task_1", session=session)) == ["a", "b"]

    def test_xcom_pull_after_success(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        tests xcom set/clear relative to a task in a 'success' rerun scenario
        """
        key = "xcom_key"
        value = "xcom_value"

        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_xcom",
            schedule="@monthly",
            task_id="test_xcom",
            pool="test_xcom",
            serialized=True,
        )

        ti.run(mark_success=True)
        ti.xcom_push(key=key, value=value)
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) == value
        ti.run()
        # Check that we do not clear Xcom until the task is certain to execute
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) == value
        # Xcom shouldn't be cleared if the task doesn't execute, even if dependencies are ignored
        ti.run(ignore_all_deps=True, mark_success=True)
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) == value
        # Xcom IS finally cleared once task has executed
        ti.run(ignore_all_deps=True)
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) is None

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_xcom_pull_after_deferral(self, create_task_instance, session):
        """
        tests xcom will not clear before a task runs its next method after deferral.
        """

        key = "xcom_key"
        value = "xcom_value"

        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_xcom",
            schedule="@monthly",
            task_id="test_xcom",
            pool="test_xcom",
        )

        ti.run(mark_success=True)
        ti.xcom_push(key=key, value=value)

        ti.next_method = "execute"
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()

        ti.run(ignore_all_deps=True)
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) == value

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_xcom_pull_different_execution_date(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        tests xcom fetch behavior with different execution dates, using
        both xcom_pull with "include_prior_dates" and without
        """
        key = "xcom_key"
        value = "xcom_value"

        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_xcom",
            schedule="@monthly",
            task_id="test_xcom",
            pool="test_xcom",
        )
        exec_date = ti.dag_run.execution_date

        ti.run(mark_success=True)
        ti.xcom_push(key=key, value=value)
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) == value
        ti.run()
        exec_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        dr = ti.task.dag.create_dagrun(run_id="test2", data_interval=(exec_date, exec_date), state=None)
        ti = TI(task=ti.task, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti.run()
        # We have set a new execution date (and did not pass in
        # 'include_prior_dates'which means this task should now have a cleared
        # xcom value
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key) is None
        # We *should* get a value using 'include_prior_dates'
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids="test_xcom", key=key, include_prior_dates=True) == value

    def test_xcom_push_flag(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Tests the option for Operators to push XComs
        """
        value = "hello"
        task_id = "test_no_xcom_push"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", serialized=True):
            # nothing saved to XCom
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id=task_id,
                python_callable=lambda: value,
                do_xcom_push=False,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.run()
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=task_id, key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY) is None

    def test_xcom_without_multiple_outputs(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Tests the option for Operators to push XComs without multiple outputs
        """
        value = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
        task_id = "test_xcom_push_without_multiple_outputs"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id=task_id,
                python_callable=lambda: value,
                do_xcom_push=True,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.run()
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=task_id, key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY) == value

    def test_xcom_with_multiple_outputs(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Tests the option for Operators to push XComs with multiple outputs
        """
        value = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
        task_id = "test_xcom_push_with_multiple_outputs"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id=task_id,
                python_callable=lambda: value,
                do_xcom_push=True,
                multiple_outputs=True,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.run()
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=task_id, key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY) == value
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=task_id, key="key1") == "value1"
        assert ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=task_id, key="key2") == "value2"

    def test_xcom_with_multiple_outputs_and_no_mapping_result(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Tests the option for Operators to push XComs with multiple outputs and no mapping result
        """
        value = "value"
        task_id = "test_xcom_push_with_multiple_outputs"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id=task_id,
                python_callable=lambda: value,
                do_xcom_push=True,
                multiple_outputs=True,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException) as ctx:
            ti.run()
        assert f"Returned output was type {type(value)} expected dictionary for multiple_outputs" in str(
            ctx.value
        )

    def test_post_execute_hook(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test that post_execute hook is called with the Operator's result.
        The result ('error') will cause an error to be raised and trapped.
        """

        class TestError(Exception):
            pass

        class TestOperator(PythonOperator):
            def post_execute(self, context, result=None):
                if result == "error":
                    raise TestError("expected error.")

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_post_execute_dag", serialized=True):
            task = TestOperator(
                task_id="test_operator",
                python_callable=lambda: "error",
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=DEFAULT_DATE).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with pytest.raises(TestError):
            ti.run()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution(self, create_task_instance):
        expected_external_executor_id = "banana"
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution",
            external_executor_id=expected_external_executor_id,
        )
        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti_from_deserialized_task = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(ti.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)

        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.check_and_change_state_before_execution()
        # State should be running, and try_number column should be incremented
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.external_executor_id == expected_external_executor_id
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.state == State.RUNNING
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_provided_id_overrides(self, create_task_instance):
        expected_external_executor_id = "banana"
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution",
            external_executor_id="apple",
        )
        assert ti.external_executor_id == "apple"
        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti_from_deserialized_task = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(ti.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)

        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.check_and_change_state_before_execution(
            external_executor_id=expected_external_executor_id
        )
        # State should be running, and try_number column should be incremented
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.external_executor_id == expected_external_executor_id
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.state == State.RUNNING
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_with_exec_id(self, create_task_instance):
        expected_external_executor_id = "minions"
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution")
        assert ti.external_executor_id is None
        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti_from_deserialized_task = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(ti.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)

        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.check_and_change_state_before_execution(
            external_executor_id=expected_external_executor_id
        )
        # State should be running, and try_number column should be unchanged
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.external_executor_id == expected_external_executor_id
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.state == State.RUNNING
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.try_number == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_dep_not_met(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution")
        task2 = EmptyOperator(task_id="task2", dag=ti.task.dag, start_date=DEFAULT_DATE)
        ti.task >> task2
        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti2 = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(task2.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)
        assert not ti2.check_and_change_state_before_execution()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_dep_not_met_already_running(self, create_task_instance):
        """return False if the task instance state is running"""
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution")
        with create_session() as _:
            ti.state = State.RUNNING

        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti_from_deserialized_task = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(ti.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)

        assert not ti_from_deserialized_task.check_and_change_state_before_execution()
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.state == State.RUNNING
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.external_executor_id is None

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_dep_not_met_not_runnable_state(
        self, create_task_instance
    ):
        """return False if the task instance state is failed"""
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution")
        with create_session() as _:
            ti.state = State.FAILED

        SerializedDagModel.write_dag(ti.task.dag)

        serialized_dag = SerializedDagModel.get(ti.task.dag.dag_id).dag
        ti_from_deserialized_task = TI(task=serialized_dag.get_task(ti.task_id), run_id=ti.run_id)

        assert not ti_from_deserialized_task.check_and_change_state_before_execution()
        assert ti_from_deserialized_task.state == State.FAILED

    def test_try_number(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        Test the try_number accessor behaves in various running states
        """
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="test_check_and_change_state_before_execution")
        # TI starts at 0.  It's only incremented by the scheduler.
        assert ti.try_number == 0
        ti.try_number = 2
        assert ti.try_number == 2
        ti.state = State.RUNNING
        assert ti.try_number == 2  # unaffected by state
        ti.state = State.SUCCESS
        assert ti.try_number == 2  # unaffected by state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_get_num_running_task_instances(self, create_task_instance):
        session = settings.Session()

        ti1 = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_get_num_running_task_instances", task_id="task1", session=session
        )

        execution_date = DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        dr = ti1.task.dag.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=execution_date,
            state=None,
            run_id="2",
            session=session,
            data_interval=(execution_date, execution_date),
        )
        assert ti1 in session
        ti2 = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti2.task = ti1.task

        ti3 = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_get_num_running_task_instances_dummy", task_id="task2", session=session
        )
        assert ti3 in session
        assert ti1 in session

        ti1.state = State.RUNNING
        ti2.state = State.QUEUED
        ti3.state = State.RUNNING
        assert ti3 in session
        session.commit()

        assert 1 == ti1.get_num_running_task_instances(session=session)
        assert 1 == ti2.get_num_running_task_instances(session=session)
        assert 1 == ti3.get_num_running_task_instances(session=session)

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_get_num_running_task_instances_per_dagrun(self, create_task_instance, dag_maker):
        session = settings.Session()

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_dag"):
            MockOperator.partial(task_id="task_1").expand_kwargs([{"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 3, "b": 4}])
            MockOperator.partial(task_id="task_2").expand_kwargs([{"a": 1, "b": 2}])
            MockOperator.partial(task_id="task_3").expand_kwargs([{"a": 1, "b": 2}])

        dr1 = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=timezone.utcnow(), state=DagRunState.RUNNING, run_id="run_id_1", session=session
        )
        tis1 = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index): ti for ti in dr1.task_instances}
        print(f"tis1: {tis1}")

        dr2 = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=timezone.utcnow(), state=DagRunState.RUNNING, run_id="run_id_2", session=session
        )
        tis2 = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index): ti for ti in dr2.task_instances}

        assert tis1[("task_1", 0)] in session
        assert tis1[("task_1", 1)] in session
        assert tis1[("task_2", 0)] in session
        assert tis1[("task_3", 0)] in session
        assert tis2[("task_1", 0)] in session
        assert tis2[("task_1", 1)] in session
        assert tis2[("task_2", 0)] in session
        assert tis2[("task_3", 0)] in session

        tis1[("task_1", 0)].state = State.RUNNING
        tis1[("task_1", 1)].state = State.QUEUED
        tis1[("task_2", 0)].state = State.RUNNING
        tis1[("task_3", 0)].state = State.RUNNING
        tis2[("task_1", 0)].state = State.RUNNING
        tis2[("task_1", 1)].state = State.QUEUED
        tis2[("task_2", 0)].state = State.RUNNING
        tis2[("task_3", 0)].state = State.RUNNING

        session.commit()

        assert 1 == tis1[("task_1", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)
        assert 1 == tis1[("task_1", 1)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)
        assert 2 == tis1[("task_2", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session)
        assert 1 == tis1[("task_3", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)

        assert 1 == tis2[("task_1", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)
        assert 1 == tis2[("task_1", 1)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)
        assert 2 == tis2[("task_2", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session)
        assert 1 == tis2[("task_3", 0)].get_num_running_task_instances(session=session, same_dagrun=True)

    def test_log_url(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="my_dag", task_id="op", execution_date=timezone.datetime(2018, 1, 1))

        expected_url = (
            "http://localhost:8080"
            "/dags/my_dag/grid"
            "?dag_run_id=test"
            "&task_id=op"
            "&base_date=2018-01-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B0000"
            "&tab=logs"
        )
        assert ti.log_url == expected_url

    def test_mark_success_url(self, create_task_instance):
        now = pendulum.now("Europe/Brussels")
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id="dag", task_id="op", execution_date=now)
        query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(
            urllib.parse.urlsplit(ti.mark_success_url).query, keep_blank_values=True, strict_parsing=True
        )
        assert query["dag_id"][0] == "dag"
        assert query["task_id"][0] == "op"
        assert query["dag_run_id"][0] == "test"
        assert ti.execution_date == now

    def test_overwrite_params_with_dag_run_conf(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        dag_run = ti.dag_run
        dag_run.conf = {"override": True}
        ti.task.params = {"override": False}

        params = process_params(ti.task.dag, ti.task, dag_run, suppress_exception=False)
        assert params["override"] is True

    def test_overwrite_params_with_dag_run_none(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        ti.task.params = {"override": False}

        params = process_params(ti.task.dag, ti.task, None, suppress_exception=False)
        assert params["override"] is False

    def test_overwrite_params_with_dag_run_conf_none(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        dag_run = ti.dag_run
        ti.task.params = {"override": False}

        params = process_params(ti.task.dag, ti.task, dag_run, suppress_exception=False)
        assert params["override"] is False

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_native_obj", [True, False])
    @patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.send_email")
    def test_email_alert(self, mock_send_email, dag_maker, use_native_obj):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_failure_email", render_template_as_native_obj=use_native_obj):
            task = BashOperator(task_id="test_email_alert", bash_command="exit 1", email="to")
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
            ti.run()

        (email, title, body), _ = mock_send_email.call_args
        assert email == "to"
        assert "test_email_alert" in title
        assert "test_email_alert" in body
        assert "Try 0" in body

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @conf_vars(
        {
            ("email", "subject_template"): "/subject/path",
            ("email", "html_content_template"): "/html_content/path",
        }
    )
    @patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.send_email")
    def test_email_alert_with_config(self, mock_send_email, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_failure_email"):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="test_email_alert_with_config",
                bash_command="exit 1",
                email="to",
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        opener = mock_open(read_data="template: {{ti.task_id}}")
        with patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.open", opener, create=True):
            with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
                ti.run()

        (email, title, body), _ = mock_send_email.call_args
        assert email == "to"
        assert "template: test_email_alert_with_config" == title
        assert "template: test_email_alert_with_config" == body

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.send_email")
    def test_email_alert_with_filenotfound_config(self, mock_send_email, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_failure_email"):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="test_email_alert_with_config",
                bash_command="exit 1",
                email="to",
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        # Run test when the template file is not found
        opener = mock_open(read_data="template: {{ti.task_id}}")
        opener.side_effect = FileNotFoundError
        with patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.open", opener, create=True):
            with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
                ti.run()

        (email_error, title_error, body_error), _ = mock_send_email.call_args

        # Rerun task without any error and no template file
        with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
            ti.run()

        (email_default, title_default, body_default), _ = mock_send_email.call_args

        assert email_error == email_default == "to"
        assert title_default == title_error
        assert body_default == body_error

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("task_id", ["test_email_alert", "test_email_alert__1"])
    @patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.send_email")
    def test_failure_mapped_taskflow(self, mock_send_email, dag_maker, session, task_id):
        with dag_maker(session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task(email="to")
            def test_email_alert(x):
                raise RuntimeError("Fail please")

            test_email_alert.expand(x=["a", "b"])  # This is 'test_email_alert'.
            test_email_alert.expand(x=[1, 2, 3])  # This is 'test_email_alert__1'.

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow())

        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id, map_index=0, session=session)
        assert ti is not None

        # The task will fail and trigger email reporting.
        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=r"^Fail please$"):
            ti.run(session=session)

        (email, title, body), _ = mock_send_email.call_args
        assert email == "to"
        assert title == f"Airflow alert: <TaskInstance: test_dag.{task_id} test map_index=0 [failed]>"
        assert body.startswith("Try 0")  # try number only incremented by the scheduler
        assert "test_email_alert" in body

        tf = (
            session.query(TaskFail)
            .filter_by(dag_id=ti.dag_id, task_id=ti.task_id, run_id=ti.run_id, map_index=ti.map_index)
            .one_or_none()
        )
        assert tf, "TaskFail was recorded"

    def test_set_duration(self):
        task = EmptyOperator(task_id="op", email="test@test.test")
        ti = TI(task=task)
        ti.start_date = datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 1, 1)
        ti.end_date = datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 1, 2)
        ti.set_duration()
        assert ti.duration == 3600

    def test_set_duration_empty_dates(self):
        task = EmptyOperator(task_id="op", email="test@test.test")
        ti = TI(task=task)
        ti.set_duration()
        assert ti.duration is None

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_success_callback_no_race_condition(self, create_task_instance):
        callback_wrapper = CallbackWrapper()
        ti = create_task_instance(
            on_success_callback=callback_wrapper.success_handler,
            end_date=timezone.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
            execution_date=timezone.utcnow(),
            state=State.RUNNING,
        )

        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()

        callback_wrapper.wrap_task_instance(ti)
        ti._run_raw_task()
        assert callback_wrapper.callback_ran
        assert callback_wrapper.task_state_in_callback == State.SUCCESS
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_datasets(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        Verify that when we have an outlet dataset on a task, and the task
        completes successfully, a DatasetDagRunQueue is logged.
        """
        from airflow.example_dags import example_datasets
        from airflow.example_dags.example_datasets import dag1

        session = settings.Session()
        dagbag = DagBag(dag_folder=example_datasets.__file__)
        dagbag.collect_dags(only_if_updated=False, safe_mode=False)
        dagbag.sync_to_db(session=session)
        run_id = str(uuid4())
        dr = DagRun(dag1.dag_id, run_id=run_id, run_type="anything")
        session.merge(dr)
        task = dag1.get_task("producing_task_1")
        task.bash_command = "echo 1"  # make it go faster
        ti = TaskInstance(task, run_id=run_id)
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.SUCCESS

        # check that no other dataset events recorded
        event = (
            session.query(DatasetEvent)
            .join(DatasetEvent.dataset)
            .filter(DatasetEvent.source_task_instance == ti)
            .one()
        )
        assert event
        assert event.dataset

        # check that one queue record created for each dag that depends on dataset 1
        assert session.query(DatasetDagRunQueue.target_dag_id).filter_by(
            dataset_id=event.dataset.id
        ).order_by(DatasetDagRunQueue.target_dag_id).all() == [
            ("conditional_dataset_and_time_based_timetable",),
            ("consume_1_and_2_with_dataset_expressions",),
            ("consume_1_or_2_with_dataset_expressions",),
            ("consume_1_or_both_2_and_3_with_dataset_expressions",),
            ("dataset_consumes_1",),
            ("dataset_consumes_1_and_2",),
            ("dataset_consumes_1_never_scheduled",),
        ]

        # check that one event record created for dataset1 and this TI
        assert session.query(DatasetModel.uri).join(DatasetEvent.dataset).filter(
            DatasetEvent.source_task_instance == ti
        ).one() == ("s3://dag1/output_1.txt",)

        # check that the dataset event has an earlier timestamp than the DDRQ's
        ddrq_timestamps = (
            session.query(DatasetDagRunQueue.created_at).filter_by(dataset_id=event.dataset.id).all()
        )
        assert all([event.timestamp < ddrq_timestamp for (ddrq_timestamp,) in ddrq_timestamps])

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_datasets_failed(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        Verify that when we have an outlet dataset on a task, and the task
        failed, a DatasetDagRunQueue is not logged, and a DatasetEvent is
        not generated
        """
        from tests.dags import test_datasets
        from tests.dags.test_datasets import dag_with_fail_task

        session = settings.Session()
        dagbag = DagBag(dag_folder=test_datasets.__file__)
        dagbag.collect_dags(only_if_updated=False, safe_mode=False)
        dagbag.sync_to_db(session=session)
        run_id = str(uuid4())
        dr = DagRun(dag_with_fail_task.dag_id, run_id=run_id, run_type="anything")
        session.merge(dr)
        task = dag_with_fail_task.get_task("fail_task")
        ti = TaskInstance(task, run_id=run_id)
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        with pytest.raises(AirflowFailException):
            ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED

        # check that no dagruns were queued
        assert session.query(DatasetDagRunQueue).count() == 0

        # check that no dataset events were generated
        assert session.query(DatasetEvent).count() == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_mapped_current_state(self, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_mapped_current_state") as _:
            from airflow.decorators import task

            @task()
            def raise_an_exception(placeholder: int):
                if placeholder == 0:
                    raise AirflowFailException("failing task")
                else:
                    pass

            _ = raise_an_exception.expand(placeholder=[0, 1])

        tis = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances
        for task_instance in tis:
            if task_instance.map_index == 0:
                with pytest.raises(AirflowFailException):
                    task_instance.run()
                assert task_instance.current_state() == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
            else:
                task_instance.run()
                assert task_instance.current_state() == TaskInstanceState.SUCCESS

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_datasets_skipped(self):
        """
        Verify that when we have an outlet dataset on a task, and the task
        is skipped, a DatasetDagRunQueue is not logged, and a DatasetEvent is
        not generated
        """
        from tests.dags import test_datasets
        from tests.dags.test_datasets import dag_with_skip_task

        session = settings.Session()
        dagbag = DagBag(dag_folder=test_datasets.__file__)
        dagbag.collect_dags(only_if_updated=False, safe_mode=False)
        dagbag.sync_to_db(session=session)
        run_id = str(uuid4())
        dr = DagRun(dag_with_skip_task.dag_id, run_id=run_id, run_type="anything")
        session.merge(dr)
        task = dag_with_skip_task.get_task("skip_task")
        ti = TaskInstance(task, run_id=run_id)
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.SKIPPED

        # check that no dagruns were queued
        assert session.query(DatasetDagRunQueue).count() == 0

        # check that no dataset events were generated
        assert session.query(DatasetEvent).count() == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_extra(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=Dataset("test_outlet_dataset_extra_1"))
            def write1(*, outlet_events):
                outlet_events["test_outlet_dataset_extra_1"].extra = {"foo": "bar"}

            write1()

            def _write2_post_execute(context, _):
                context["outlet_events"]["test_outlet_dataset_extra_2"].extra = {"x": 1}

            BashOperator(
                task_id="write2",
                bash_command=":",
                outlets=Dataset("test_outlet_dataset_extra_2"),
                post_execute=_write2_post_execute,
            )

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        events = dict(iter(session.execute(select(DatasetEvent.source_task_id, DatasetEvent))))
        assert set(events) == {"write1", "write2"}

        assert events["write1"].source_dag_id == dr.dag_id
        assert events["write1"].source_run_id == dr.run_id
        assert events["write1"].source_task_id == "write1"
        assert events["write1"].dataset.uri == "test_outlet_dataset_extra_1"
        assert events["write1"].extra == {"foo": "bar"}

        assert events["write2"].source_dag_id == dr.dag_id
        assert events["write2"].source_run_id == dr.run_id
        assert events["write2"].source_task_id == "write2"
        assert events["write2"].dataset.uri == "test_outlet_dataset_extra_2"
        assert events["write2"].extra == {"x": 1}

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_extra_ignore_different(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(outlets=Dataset("test_outlet_dataset_extra"))
            def write(*, outlet_events):
                outlet_events["test_outlet_dataset_extra"].extra = {"one": 1}
                outlet_events["different_uri"].extra = {"foo": "bar"}  # Will be silently dropped.

            write()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        dr.get_task_instance("write").run(session=session)

        event = session.scalars(select(DatasetEvent)).one()
        assert event.source_dag_id == dr.dag_id
        assert event.source_run_id == dr.run_id
        assert event.source_task_id == "write"
        assert event.extra == {"one": 1}

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_extra_yield(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset
        from airflow.datasets.metadata import Metadata

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=Dataset("test_outlet_dataset_extra_1"))
            def write1():
                result = "write_1 result"
                yield Metadata("test_outlet_dataset_extra_1", {"foo": "bar"})
                return result

            write1()

            def _write2_post_execute(context, result):
                yield Metadata("test_outlet_dataset_extra_2", {"x": 1})

            BashOperator(
                task_id="write2",
                bash_command=":",
                outlets=Dataset("test_outlet_dataset_extra_2"),
                post_execute=_write2_post_execute,
            )

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        xcom = session.scalars(
            select(XCom).filter_by(dag_id=dr.dag_id, run_id=dr.run_id, task_id="write1", key="return_value")
        ).one()
        assert xcom.value == "write_1 result"

        events = dict(iter(session.execute(select(DatasetEvent.source_task_id, DatasetEvent))))
        assert set(events) == {"write1", "write2"}

        assert events["write1"].source_dag_id == dr.dag_id
        assert events["write1"].source_run_id == dr.run_id
        assert events["write1"].source_task_id == "write1"
        assert events["write1"].dataset.uri == "test_outlet_dataset_extra_1"
        assert events["write1"].extra == {"foo": "bar"}

        assert events["write2"].source_dag_id == dr.dag_id
        assert events["write2"].source_run_id == dr.run_id
        assert events["write2"].source_task_id == "write2"
        assert events["write2"].dataset.uri == "test_outlet_dataset_extra_2"
        assert events["write2"].extra == {"x": 1}

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_alias(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset, DatasetAlias

        ds_uri = "test_outlet_dataset_alias_test_case_ds"
        dsa_name_1 = "test_outlet_dataset_alias_test_case_dsa_1"

        ds1 = DatasetModel(id=1, uri=ds_uri)
        session.add(ds1)
        session.commit()

        with dag_maker(dag_id="producer_dag", schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name_1))
            def producer(*, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[dsa_name_1].add(Dataset(ds_uri))

            producer()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        producer_events = session.execute(
            select(DatasetEvent).where(DatasetEvent.source_task_id == "producer")
        ).fetchall()

        assert len(producer_events) == 1

        producer_event = producer_events[0][0]
        assert producer_event.source_task_id == "producer"
        assert producer_event.source_dag_id == "producer_dag"
        assert producer_event.source_run_id == "test"
        assert producer_event.source_map_index == -1
        assert producer_event.dataset.uri == ds_uri
        assert len(producer_event.source_aliases) == 1
        assert producer_event.extra == {}
        assert producer_event.source_aliases[0].name == dsa_name_1

        ds_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetModel).where(DatasetModel.uri == ds_uri))
        assert len(ds_obj.aliases) == 1
        assert ds_obj.aliases[0].name == dsa_name_1

        dsa_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetAliasModel).where(DatasetAliasModel.name == dsa_name_1))
        assert len(dsa_obj.datasets) == 1
        assert dsa_obj.datasets[0].uri == ds_uri

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_multiple_dataset_alias(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset, DatasetAlias

        ds_uri = "test_outlet_mdsa_ds"
        dsa_name_1 = "test_outlet_mdsa_dsa_1"
        dsa_name_2 = "test_outlet_mdsa_dsa_2"
        dsa_name_3 = "test_outlet_mdsa_dsa_3"

        ds1 = DatasetModel(id=1, uri=ds_uri)
        session.add(ds1)
        session.commit()

        with dag_maker(dag_id="producer_dag", schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=[DatasetAlias(dsa_name_1), DatasetAlias(dsa_name_2), DatasetAlias(dsa_name_3)])
            def producer(*, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[dsa_name_1].add(Dataset(ds_uri))
                outlet_events[dsa_name_2].add(Dataset(ds_uri))
                outlet_events[dsa_name_3].add(Dataset(ds_uri), extra={"k": "v"})

            producer()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        producer_events = session.execute(
            select(DatasetEvent).where(DatasetEvent.source_task_id == "producer")
        ).fetchall()

        assert len(producer_events) == 2
        for row in producer_events:
            producer_event = row[0]
            assert producer_event.source_task_id == "producer"
            assert producer_event.source_dag_id == "producer_dag"
            assert producer_event.source_run_id == "test"
            assert producer_event.source_map_index == -1
            assert producer_event.dataset.uri == ds_uri

            if not producer_event.extra:
                assert producer_event.extra == {}
                assert len(producer_event.source_aliases) == 2
                assert {alias.name for alias in producer_event.source_aliases} == {dsa_name_1, dsa_name_2}
            else:
                assert producer_event.extra == {"k": "v"}
                assert len(producer_event.source_aliases) == 1
                assert producer_event.source_aliases[0].name == dsa_name_3

        ds_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetModel).where(DatasetModel.uri == ds_uri))
        assert len(ds_obj.aliases) == 3
        assert {alias.name for alias in ds_obj.aliases} == {dsa_name_1, dsa_name_2, dsa_name_3}

        dsa_objs = session.scalars(select(DatasetAliasModel)).all()
        assert len(dsa_objs) == 3
        for dsa_obj in dsa_objs:
            assert len(dsa_obj.datasets) == 1
            assert dsa_obj.datasets[0].uri == ds_uri

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_alias_through_metadata(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import DatasetAlias
        from airflow.datasets.metadata import Metadata

        ds_uri = "test_outlet_dataset_alias_through_metadata_ds"
        dsa_name = "test_outlet_dataset_alias_through_metadata_dsa"

        ds1 = DatasetModel(id=1, uri="test_outlet_dataset_alias_through_metadata_ds")
        session.add(ds1)
        session.commit()

        with dag_maker(dag_id="producer_dag", schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def producer(*, outlet_events):
                yield Metadata(ds_uri, extra={"key": "value"}, alias=dsa_name)

            producer()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        producer_event = session.scalar(select(DatasetEvent).where(DatasetEvent.source_task_id == "producer"))

        assert producer_event.source_task_id == "producer"
        assert producer_event.source_dag_id == "producer_dag"
        assert producer_event.source_run_id == "test"
        assert producer_event.source_map_index == -1
        assert producer_event.dataset.uri == ds_uri
        assert producer_event.extra == {"key": "value"}
        assert len(producer_event.source_aliases) == 1
        assert producer_event.source_aliases[0].name == dsa_name

        ds_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetModel).where(DatasetModel.uri == ds_uri))
        assert len(ds_obj.aliases) == 1
        assert ds_obj.aliases[0].name == dsa_name

        dsa_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetAliasModel))
        assert len(dsa_obj.datasets) == 1
        assert dsa_obj.datasets[0].uri == ds_uri

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_outlet_dataset_alias_dataset_not_exists(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset, DatasetAlias

        dsa_name = "test_outlet_dataset_alias_dataset_not_exists_dsa"
        ds_uri = "did_not_exists"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="producer_dag", schedule=None, session=session) as dag:

            @task(outlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def producer(*, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[dsa_name].add(Dataset(ds_uri), extra={"key": "value"})

            producer()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(ti.task_id))
            ti.run(session=session)

        producer_event = session.scalar(select(DatasetEvent).where(DatasetEvent.source_task_id == "producer"))

        assert producer_event.source_task_id == "producer"
        assert producer_event.source_dag_id == "producer_dag"
        assert producer_event.source_run_id == "test"
        assert producer_event.source_map_index == -1
        assert producer_event.dataset.uri == ds_uri
        assert producer_event.extra == {"key": "value"}
        assert len(producer_event.source_aliases) == 1
        assert producer_event.source_aliases[0].name == dsa_name

        ds_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetModel).where(DatasetModel.uri == ds_uri))
        assert len(ds_obj.aliases) == 1
        assert ds_obj.aliases[0].name == dsa_name

        dsa_obj = session.scalar(select(DatasetAliasModel))
        assert len(dsa_obj.datasets) == 1
        assert dsa_obj.datasets[0].uri == ds_uri

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_inlet_dataset_extra(self, dag_maker, session):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        read_task_evaluated = False

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(outlets=Dataset("test_inlet_dataset_extra"))
            def write(*, ti, outlet_events):
                outlet_events["test_inlet_dataset_extra"].extra = {"from": ti.task_id}

            @task(inlets=Dataset("test_inlet_dataset_extra"))
            def read(*, inlet_events):
                second_event = inlet_events["test_inlet_dataset_extra"][1]
                assert second_event.uri == "test_inlet_dataset_extra"
                assert second_event.extra == {"from": "write2"}

                last_event = inlet_events["test_inlet_dataset_extra"][-1]
                assert last_event.uri == "test_inlet_dataset_extra"
                assert last_event.extra == {"from": "write3"}

                with pytest.raises(KeyError):
                    inlet_events["does_not_exist"]
                with pytest.raises(IndexError):
                    inlet_events["test_inlet_dataset_extra"][5]

                # TODO: Support slices.

                nonlocal read_task_evaluated
                read_task_evaluated = True

            [
                write.override(task_id="write1")(),
                write.override(task_id="write2")(),
                write.override(task_id="write3")(),
            ] >> read()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        # Run "write1", "write2", and "write3" (in this order).
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        for ti in sorted(decision.schedulable_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("task_id")):
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Run "read".
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        for ti in decision.schedulable_tis:
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Should be done.
        assert not dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session).schedulable_tis
        assert read_task_evaluated

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_inlet_dataset_alias_extra(self, dag_maker, session):
        ds_uri = "test_inlet_dataset_extra_ds"
        dsa_name = "test_inlet_dataset_extra_dsa"

        ds_model = DatasetModel(id=1, uri=ds_uri)
        dsa_model = DatasetAliasModel(name=dsa_name)
        dsa_model.datasets.append(ds_model)
        session.add_all([ds_model, dsa_model])
        session.commit()

        from airflow.datasets import Dataset, DatasetAlias

        read_task_evaluated = False

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(outlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def write(*, ti, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[dsa_name].add(Dataset(ds_uri), extra={"from": ti.task_id})

            @task(inlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def read(*, inlet_events):
                second_event = inlet_events[DatasetAlias(dsa_name)][1]
                assert second_event.uri == ds_uri
                assert second_event.extra == {"from": "write2"}

                last_event = inlet_events[DatasetAlias(dsa_name)][-1]
                assert last_event.uri == ds_uri
                assert last_event.extra == {"from": "write3"}

                with pytest.raises(KeyError):
                    inlet_events["does_not_exist"]
                with pytest.raises(KeyError):
                    inlet_events[DatasetAlias("does_not_exist")]
                with pytest.raises(IndexError):
                    inlet_events[DatasetAlias(dsa_name)][5]

                nonlocal read_task_evaluated
                read_task_evaluated = True

            [
                write.override(task_id="write1")(),
                write.override(task_id="write2")(),
                write.override(task_id="write3")(),
            ] >> read()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        # Run "write1", "write2", and "write3" (in this order).
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        for ti in sorted(decision.schedulable_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("task_id")):
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Run "read".
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        for ti in decision.schedulable_tis:
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Should be done.
        assert not dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session).schedulable_tis
        assert read_task_evaluated

    def test_inlet_unresolved_dataset_alias(self, dag_maker, session):
        dsa_name = "test_inlet_dataset_extra_dsa"

        dsa_model = DatasetAliasModel(name=dsa_name)
        session.add(dsa_model)
        session.commit()

        from airflow.datasets import DatasetAlias

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(inlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def read(*, inlet_events):
                with pytest.raises(IndexError):
                    inlet_events[DatasetAlias(dsa_name)][0]

            read()

        dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Should be done.
        assert not dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session).schedulable_tis

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slicer, expected",
        [
            (lambda x: x[-2:], [{"from": 8}, {"from": 9}]),
            (lambda x: x[-5:-3], [{"from": 5}, {"from": 6}]),
            (lambda x: x[:-8], [{"from": 0}, {"from": 1}]),
            (lambda x: x[1:-7], [{"from": 1}, {"from": 2}]),
            (lambda x: x[-8:4], [{"from": 2}, {"from": 3}]),
            (lambda x: x[-5:5], []),
        ],
    )
    def test_inlet_dataset_extra_slice(self, dag_maker, session, slicer, expected):
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        ds_uri = "test_inlet_dataset_extra_slice"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="write", schedule="@daily", params={"i": -1}, session=session):

            @task(outlets=Dataset(ds_uri))
            def write(*, params, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[ds_uri].extra = {"from": params["i"]}

            write()

        # Run the write DAG 10 times.
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED, conf={"i": 0})
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.run(session=session)
        for i in range(1, 10):
            dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun_after(dr, run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED, conf={"i": i})
            for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
                ti.run(session=session)

        result = "the task does not run"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="read", schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(inlets=Dataset(ds_uri))
            def read(*, inlet_events):
                nonlocal result
                result = [e.extra for e in slicer(inlet_events[ds_uri])]

            read()

        # Run the read DAG.
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Should be done.
        assert not dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session).schedulable_tis
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "slicer, expected",
        [
            (lambda x: x[-2:], [{"from": 8}, {"from": 9}]),
            (lambda x: x[-5:-3], [{"from": 5}, {"from": 6}]),
            (lambda x: x[:-8], [{"from": 0}, {"from": 1}]),
            (lambda x: x[1:-7], [{"from": 1}, {"from": 2}]),
            (lambda x: x[-8:4], [{"from": 2}, {"from": 3}]),
            (lambda x: x[-5:5], []),
        ],
    )
    def test_inlet_dataset_alias_extra_slice(self, dag_maker, session, slicer, expected):
        ds_uri = "test_inlet_dataset_alias_extra_slice_ds"
        dsa_name = "test_inlet_dataset_alias_extra_slice_dsa"

        ds_model = DatasetModel(id=1, uri=ds_uri)
        dsa_model = DatasetAliasModel(name=dsa_name)
        dsa_model.datasets.append(ds_model)
        session.add_all([ds_model, dsa_model])
        session.commit()

        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        with dag_maker(dag_id="write", schedule="@daily", params={"i": -1}, session=session):

            @task(outlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def write(*, params, outlet_events):
                outlet_events[dsa_name].add(Dataset(ds_uri), {"from": params["i"]})

            write()

        # Run the write DAG 10 times.
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED, conf={"i": 0})
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.run(session=session)
        for i in range(1, 10):
            dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun_after(dr, run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED, conf={"i": i})
            for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
                ti.run(session=session)

        result = "the task does not run"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="read", schedule=None, session=session):

            @task(inlets=DatasetAlias(dsa_name))
            def read(*, inlet_events):
                nonlocal result
                result = [e.extra for e in slicer(inlet_events[DatasetAlias(dsa_name)])]

            read()

        # Run the read DAG.
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for ti in dr.get_task_instances(session=session):
            ti.run(session=session)

        # Should be done.
        assert not dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session).schedulable_tis
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_changing_of_dataset_when_ddrq_is_already_populated(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test that when a task that produces dataset has ran, that changing the consumer
        dag dataset will not cause primary key blank-out
        """
        from airflow.datasets import Dataset

        with dag_maker(schedule=None, serialized=True) as dag1:

            @task(outlets=Dataset("test/1"))
            def test_task1():
                print(1)

            test_task1()

        dr1 = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        test_task1 = dag1.get_task("test_task1")

        with dag_maker(dag_id="testdag", schedule=[Dataset("test/1")], serialized=True):

            @task
            def test_task2():
                print(1)

            test_task2()

        ti = dr1.get_task_instance(task_id="test_task1")
        ti.run()
        # Change the dataset.
        with dag_maker(dag_id="testdag", schedule=[Dataset("test2/1")], serialized=True):

            @task
            def test_task2():
                print(1)

            test_task2()

    @staticmethod
    def _test_previous_dates_setup(
        schedule_interval: str | datetime.timedelta | None,
        catchup: bool,
        scenario: list[TaskInstanceState],
        dag_maker,
    ) -> list:
        dag_id = "test_previous_dates"
        with dag_maker(dag_id=dag_id, schedule=schedule_interval, catchup=catchup, serialized=True):
            task = EmptyOperator(task_id="task")

        def get_test_ti(execution_date: pendulum.DateTime, state: str) -> TI:
            dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
                run_id=f"test__{execution_date.isoformat()}",
                run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
                state=state,
                execution_date=execution_date,
                start_date=pendulum.now("UTC"),
            )
            ti = dr.task_instances[0]
            ti.task = task
            ti.set_state(state=State.SUCCESS, session=dag_maker.session)
            return ti

        date = cast(pendulum.DateTime, pendulum.parse("2019-01-01T00:00:00+00:00"))

        ret = []

        for idx, state in enumerate(scenario):
            new_date = date.add(days=idx)
            ti = get_test_ti(new_date, state)
            ret.append(ti)

        return ret

    _prev_dates_param_list = [
        pytest.param("0 0 * * * ", True, id="cron/catchup"),
        pytest.param("0 0 * * *", False, id="cron/no-catchup"),
        pytest.param(None, True, id="no-sched/catchup"),
        pytest.param(None, False, id="no-sched/no-catchup"),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), True, id="timedelta/catchup"),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), False, id="timedelta/no-catchup"),
    ]

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_ti(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None:
        scenario = [State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS]

        ti_list = self._test_previous_dates_setup(schedule_interval, catchup, scenario, dag_maker)

        assert ti_list[0].get_previous_ti() is None

        assert ti_list[2].get_previous_ti().run_id == ti_list[1].run_id

        assert ti_list[2].get_previous_ti().run_id != ti_list[0].run_id

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_ti_success(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None:
        scenario = [State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS]

        ti_list = self._test_previous_dates_setup(schedule_interval, catchup, scenario, dag_maker)

        assert ti_list[0].get_previous_ti(state=State.SUCCESS) is None
        assert ti_list[1].get_previous_ti(state=State.SUCCESS) is None

        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_ti(state=State.SUCCESS).run_id == ti_list[1].run_id

        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_ti(state=State.SUCCESS).run_id != ti_list[2].run_id

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_execution_date_success(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None:
        scenario = [State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS]

        ti_list = self._test_previous_dates_setup(schedule_interval, catchup, scenario, dag_maker)
        # vivify
        for ti in ti_list:
            ti.execution_date

        assert ti_list[0].get_previous_execution_date(state=State.SUCCESS) is None
        assert ti_list[1].get_previous_execution_date(state=State.SUCCESS) is None
        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_execution_date(state=State.SUCCESS) == ti_list[1].execution_date
        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_execution_date(state=State.SUCCESS) != ti_list[2].execution_date

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_start_date_success(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None:
        scenario = [State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED, State.SUCCESS]

        ti_list = self._test_previous_dates_setup(schedule_interval, catchup, scenario, dag_maker)

        assert ti_list[0].get_previous_start_date(state=State.SUCCESS) is None
        assert ti_list[1].get_previous_start_date(state=State.SUCCESS) is None
        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_start_date(state=State.SUCCESS) == ti_list[1].start_date
        assert ti_list[3].get_previous_start_date(state=State.SUCCESS) != ti_list[2].start_date

    def test_get_previous_start_date_none(self, dag_maker):
        """
        Test that get_previous_start_date() can handle TaskInstance with no start_date.
        """
        with dag_maker("test_get_previous_start_date_none", schedule=None, serialized=True):
            task = EmptyOperator(task_id="op")

        day_1 = DEFAULT_DATE
        day_2 = DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

        # Create a DagRun for day_1 and day_2. Calling ti_2.get_previous_start_date()
        # should return the start_date of ti_1 (which is None because ti_1 was not run).
        # It should not raise an error.
        dagrun_1 = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=day_1,
            state=State.RUNNING,
            run_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
        )

        dagrun_2 = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            execution_date=day_2,
            state=State.RUNNING,
            run_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            data_interval=(day_1, day_2),
        )

        ti_1 = dagrun_1.get_task_instance(task.task_id)
        ti_2 = dagrun_2.get_task_instance(task.task_id)
        ti_1.task = task
        ti_2.task = task

        assert ti_2.get_previous_start_date() == ti_1.start_date
        assert ti_1.start_date is None

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_context_triggering_dataset_events_none(self, session, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        template_context = ti.get_template_context()

        assert ti in session
        session.expunge_all()

        assert template_context["triggering_dataset_events"] == {}

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_context_triggering_dataset_events(self, create_dummy_dag, session):
        ds1 = DatasetModel(id=1, uri="one")
        ds2 = DatasetModel(id=2, uri="two")
        session.add_all([ds1, ds2])
        session.commit()

        execution_date = timezone.utcnow()
        # it's easier to fake a manual run here
        dag, task1 = create_dummy_dag(
            dag_id="test_triggering_dataset_events",
            schedule=None,
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE,
            task_id="test_context",
            with_dagrun_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            session=session,
        )
        dr = dag.create_dagrun(
            run_id="test2",
            run_type=DagRunType.DATASET_TRIGGERED,
            execution_date=execution_date,
            state=None,
            session=session,
            data_interval=(execution_date, execution_date),
        )
        ds1_event = DatasetEvent(dataset_id=1)
        ds2_event_1 = DatasetEvent(dataset_id=2)
        ds2_event_2 = DatasetEvent(dataset_id=2)
        dr.consumed_dataset_events.append(ds1_event)
        dr.consumed_dataset_events.append(ds2_event_1)
        dr.consumed_dataset_events.append(ds2_event_2)
        session.commit()

        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task1.task_id, session=session)
        ti.refresh_from_task(task1)

        # Check we run this in the same context as the actual task at runtime!
        assert ti in session
        session.expunge(ti)
        session.expunge(dr)

        template_context = ti.get_template_context()

        assert template_context["triggering_dataset_events"] == {
            "one": [ds1_event],
            "two": [ds2_event_1, ds2_event_2],
        }

    def test_pendulum_template_dates(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_pendulum_template_dates",
            task_id="test_pendulum_template_dates_task",
            schedule="0 12 * * *",
            serialized=True,
        )

        template_context = ti.get_template_context()

        assert isinstance(template_context["data_interval_start"], pendulum.DateTime)
        assert isinstance(template_context["data_interval_end"], pendulum.DateTime)

    def test_template_render(self, create_task_instance, session):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_template_render",
            task_id="test_template_render_task",
            schedule="0 12 * * *",
        )
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        template_context = ti.get_template_context()
        result = ti.task.render_template("Task: {{ dag.dag_id }} -> {{ task.task_id }}", template_context)
        assert result == "Task: test_template_render -> test_template_render_task"

    def test_template_render_deprecated(self, create_task_instance, session):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_template_render",
            task_id="test_template_render_task",
            schedule="0 12 * * *",
        )
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        template_context = ti.get_template_context()
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            result = ti.task.render_template("Execution date: {{ execution_date }}", template_context)
        assert result.startswith("Execution date: ")

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "content, expected_output",
        [
            ('{{ conn.get("a_connection").host }}', "hostvalue"),
            ('{{ conn.get("a_connection", "unused_fallback").host }}', "hostvalue"),
            ('{{ conn.get("missing_connection", {"host": "fallback_host"}).host }}', "fallback_host"),
            ("{{ conn.a_connection.host }}", "hostvalue"),
            ("{{ conn.a_connection.login }}", "loginvalue"),
            ("{{ conn.a_connection.password }}", "passwordvalue"),
            ('{{ conn.a_connection.extra_dejson["extra__asana__workspace"] }}', "extra1"),
            ("{{ conn.a_connection.extra_dejson.extra__asana__workspace }}", "extra1"),
        ],
    )
    def test_template_with_connection(self, content, expected_output, create_task_instance, session):
        """
        Test the availability of variables in templates
        """
        with create_session() as session:
            clear_db_connections(add_default_connections_back=False)
            merge_conn(
                Connection(
                    conn_id="a_connection",
                    conn_type="a_type",
                    description="a_conn_description",
                    host="hostvalue",
                    login="loginvalue",
                    password="passwordvalue",
                    schema="schemavalues",
                    extra={
                        "extra__asana__workspace": "extra1",
                    },
                ),
                session,
            )

        ti = create_task_instance()
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()

        context = ti.get_template_context()
        result = ti.task.render_template(content, context)
        assert result == expected_output

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "content, expected_output",
        [
            ("{{ var.value.a_variable }}", "a test value"),
            ('{{ var.value.get("a_variable") }}', "a test value"),
            ('{{ var.value.get("a_variable", "unused_fallback") }}', "a test value"),
            ('{{ var.value.get("missing_variable", "fallback") }}', "fallback"),
        ],
    )
    def test_template_with_variable(self, content, expected_output, create_task_instance, session):
        """
        Test the availability of variables in templates
        """
        Variable.set("a_variable", "a test value")

        ti = create_task_instance()
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        result = ti.task.render_template(content, context)
        assert result == expected_output

    def test_template_with_variable_missing(self, create_task_instance, session):
        """
        Test the availability of variables in templates
        """
        ti = create_task_instance()
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            ti.task.render_template('{{ var.value.get("missing_variable") }}', context)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "content, expected_output",
        [
            ("{{ var.value.a_variable }}", '{\n  "a": {\n    "test": "value"\n  }\n}'),
            ('{{ var.json.a_variable["a"]["test"] }}', "value"),
            ('{{ var.json.get("a_variable")["a"]["test"] }}', "value"),
            ('{{ var.json.get("a_variable", {"a": {"test": "unused_fallback"}})["a"]["test"] }}', "value"),
            ('{{ var.json.get("missing_variable", {"a": {"test": "fallback"}})["a"]["test"] }}', "fallback"),
        ],
    )
    def test_template_with_json_variable(self, content, expected_output, create_task_instance, session):
        """
        Test the availability of variables in templates
        """
        Variable.set("a_variable", {"a": {"test": "value"}}, serialize_json=True)

        ti = create_task_instance()
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        result = ti.task.render_template(content, context)
        assert result == expected_output

    def test_template_with_json_variable_missing(self, create_task_instance, session):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
            ti.task.render_template('{{ var.json.get("missing_variable") }}', context)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        ("field", "expected"),
        [
            ("next_ds", "2016-01-01"),
            ("next_ds_nodash", "20160101"),
            ("prev_ds", "2015-12-31"),
            ("prev_ds_nodash", "20151231"),
            ("yesterday_ds", "2015-12-31"),
            ("yesterday_ds_nodash", "20151231"),
            ("tomorrow_ds", "2016-01-02"),
            ("tomorrow_ds_nodash", "20160102"),
        ],
    )
    def test_deprecated_context(self, field, expected, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(execution_date=DEFAULT_DATE, serialized=True)
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        with pytest.deprecated_call() as recorder:
            assert context[field] == expected
        message_beginning = (
            f"Accessing {field!r} from the template is deprecated and "
            f"will be removed in a future version."
        )

        recorded_message = [str(m.message) for m in recorder]
        assert len(recorded_message) == 1
        assert recorded_message[0].startswith(message_beginning)

    def test_template_with_custom_timetable_deprecated_context(self, create_task_instance, session):
        with pytest.warns(
            RemovedInAirflow3Warning,
            match="Param `timetable` is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use `schedule` instead.",
        ):
            ti = create_task_instance(
                start_date=DEFAULT_DATE,
                timetable=AfterWorkdayTimetable(),
                run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
                execution_date=timezone.datetime(2021, 9, 6),
                data_interval=(timezone.datetime(2021, 9, 6), timezone.datetime(2021, 9, 7)),
            )
        session.add(ti)
        session.commit()
        context = ti.get_template_context()
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["execution_date"] == pendulum.DateTime(2021, 9, 6, tzinfo=TIMEZONE)
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["next_ds"] == "2021-09-07"
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["next_ds_nodash"] == "20210907"
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["next_execution_date"] == pendulum.DateTime(2021, 9, 7, tzinfo=TIMEZONE)
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["prev_ds"] is None, "Does not make sense for custom timetable"
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["prev_ds_nodash"] is None, "Does not make sense for custom timetable"
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            assert context["prev_execution_date"] is None, "Does not make sense for custom timetable"

    def test_execute_callback(self, create_task_instance):
        called = False

        def on_execute_callable(context):
            nonlocal called
            called = True
            assert context["dag_run"].dag_id == "test_dagrun_execute_callback"

        for i, callback_input in enumerate([[on_execute_callable], on_execute_callable]):
            ti = create_task_instance(
                dag_id=f"test_execute_callback_{i}",
                on_execute_callback=callback_input,
                state=State.RUNNING,
            )

            session = settings.Session()

            session.merge(ti)
            session.commit()

            ti._run_raw_task()
            assert called
            ti.refresh_from_db()
            assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    def test_finished_callbacks_handle_and_log_exception(self, caplog):
        def on_finish_callable(context):
            nonlocal called, completed
            called = True
            raise KeyError
            completed = True

        for callback_input in [[on_finish_callable], on_finish_callable]:
            called = completed = False
            caplog.clear()
            _run_finished_callback(callbacks=callback_input, context={})

            assert called
            assert not completed
            callback_name = callback_input[0] if isinstance(callback_input, list) else callback_input
            callback_name = qualname(callback_name).split(".")[-1]
            assert "Executing on_finish_callable callback" in caplog.text
            assert "Error when executing on_finish_callable callback" in caplog.text

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @provide_session
    def test_handle_failure(self, create_dummy_dag, session=None):
        start_date = timezone.datetime(2016, 6, 1)
        clear_db_runs()

        from airflow.listeners.listener import get_listener_manager

        listener_callback_on_error = mock.MagicMock()
        get_listener_manager().pm.hook.on_task_instance_failed = listener_callback_on_error

        mock_on_failure_1 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_failure_1.__name__ = "mock_on_failure_1"
        mock_on_retry_1 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_retry_1.__name__ = "mock_on_retry_1"
        dag, task1 = create_dummy_dag(
            dag_id="test_handle_failure",
            schedule=None,
            start_date=start_date,
            task_id="test_handle_failure_on_failure",
            with_dagrun_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure_1,
            on_retry_callback=mock_on_retry_1,
            session=session,
        )
        execution_date = timezone.utcnow()
        dr = dag.create_dagrun(
            run_id="test2",
            run_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            execution_date=execution_date,
            state=None,
            session=session,
            data_interval=(execution_date, execution_date),
        )
        ti1 = dr.get_task_instance(task1.task_id, session=session)
        ti1.task = task1

        ti1.state = State.FAILED
        error_message = "test failure handling"
        ti1.handle_failure(error_message)

        # check that the listener callback was called, and that it can access the error
        listener_callback_on_error.assert_called_once()
        callback_args = listener_callback_on_error.call_args.kwargs
        assert "error" in callback_args
        assert callback_args["error"] == error_message

        context_arg_1 = mock_on_failure_1.call_args.args[0]
        assert context_arg_1
        assert "task_instance" in context_arg_1
        mock_on_retry_1.assert_not_called()

        mock_on_failure_2 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_failure_2.__name__ = "mock_on_failure_2"
        mock_on_retry_2 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_retry_2.__name__ = "mock_on_retry_2"
        task2 = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="test_handle_failure_on_retry",
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure_2,
            on_retry_callback=mock_on_retry_2,
            retries=1,
            dag=dag,
        )
        ti2 = TI(task=task2, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti2.state = State.FAILED
        session.add(ti2)
        session.flush()
        ti2.handle_failure("test retry handling")

        mock_on_failure_2.assert_not_called()

        context_arg_2 = mock_on_retry_2.call_args.args[0]
        assert context_arg_2
        assert "task_instance" in context_arg_2

        # test the scenario where normally we would retry but have been asked to fail
        mock_on_failure_3 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_failure_3.__name__ = "mock_on_failure_3"
        mock_on_retry_3 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_retry_3.__name__ = "mock_on_retry_3"
        task3 = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="test_handle_failure_on_force_fail",
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure_3,
            on_retry_callback=mock_on_retry_3,
            retries=1,
            dag=dag,
        )
        ti3 = TI(task=task3, run_id=dr.run_id)
        session.add(ti3)
        session.flush()
        ti3.state = State.FAILED
        ti3.handle_failure("test force_fail handling", force_fail=True)

        context_arg_3 = mock_on_failure_3.call_args.args[0]
        assert context_arg_3
        assert "task_instance" in context_arg_3
        mock_on_retry_3.assert_not_called()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_handle_failure_updates_queued_task_updates_state(self, dag_maker):
        session = settings.Session()
        with dag_maker():
            task = EmptyOperator(task_id="mytask", retries=1)
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = TI(task=task, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti.state = State.QUEUED
        session.merge(ti)
        session.flush()
        assert ti.state == State.QUEUED
        ti.handle_failure("test queued ti", test_mode=True)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @patch.object(Stats, "incr")
    def test_handle_failure_no_task(self, Stats_incr, dag_maker):
        """
        When a zombie is detected for a DAG with a parse error, we need to be able to run handle_failure
        _without_ ti.task being set
        """
        session = settings.Session()
        with dag_maker():
            task = EmptyOperator(task_id="mytask", retries=1)
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = TI(task=task, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti.try_number += 1
        ti = session.merge(ti)
        ti.task = None
        ti.state = State.QUEUED
        session.flush()
        expected_stats_tags = {"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id}

        assert ti.task is None, "Check critical pre-condition"

        assert ti.state == State.QUEUED
        assert ti.try_number == 1

        ti.handle_failure("test queued ti", test_mode=False)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        # try_number remains at 1
        assert ti.try_number == 1

        Stats_incr.assert_any_call("ti_failures", tags=expected_stats_tags)
        Stats_incr.assert_any_call("operator_failures_EmptyOperator", tags=expected_stats_tags)
        Stats_incr.assert_any_call(
            "operator_failures", tags={**expected_stats_tags, "operator": "EmptyOperator"}
        )

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_handle_failure_task_undefined(self, create_task_instance):
        """
        When the loaded taskinstance does not use refresh_from_task, the task may be undefined.
        For example:
            the DAG file has been deleted before executing _execute_task_callbacks
        """
        ti = create_task_instance()
        del ti.task
        ti.handle_failure("test ti.task undefined")

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @provide_session
    def test_handle_failure_fail_stop(self, create_dummy_dag, session=None):
        start_date = timezone.datetime(2016, 6, 1)
        clear_db_runs()

        dag, task1 = create_dummy_dag(
            dag_id="test_handle_failure_fail_stop",
            schedule=None,
            start_date=start_date,
            task_id="task1",
            trigger_rule="all_success",
            with_dagrun_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            session=session,
            fail_stop=True,
        )
        execution_date = timezone.utcnow()
        dr = dag.create_dagrun(
            run_id="test_ff",
            run_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            execution_date=execution_date,
            state=None,
            session=session,
            data_interval=(execution_date, execution_date),
        )

        ti1 = dr.get_task_instance(task1.task_id, session=session)
        ti1.task = task1
        ti1.state = State.SUCCESS

        states = [State.RUNNING, State.FAILED, State.QUEUED, State.SCHEDULED, State.DEFERRED]
        tasks = []
        for i, state in enumerate(states):
            op = EmptyOperator(
                task_id=f"reg_Task{i}",
                dag=dag,
            )
            ti = TI(task=op, run_id=dr.run_id)
            ti.state = state
            session.add(ti)
            tasks.append(ti)

        fail_task = EmptyOperator(
            task_id="fail_Task",
            dag=dag,
        )
        ti_ff = TI(task=fail_task, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti_ff.state = State.FAILED
        session.add(ti_ff)
        session.flush()
        ti_ff.handle_failure("test retry handling")

        assert ti1.state == State.SUCCESS
        assert ti_ff.state == State.FAILED
        exp_states = [State.FAILED, State.FAILED, State.SKIPPED, State.SKIPPED, State.SKIPPED]
        for i in range(len(states)):
            assert tasks[i].state == exp_states[i]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_does_not_retry_on_airflow_fail_exception(self, dag_maker):
        def fail():
            raise AirflowFailException("hopeless")

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_does_not_retry_on_airflow_fail_exception"):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_raise_airflow_fail_exception",
                python_callable=fail,
                retries=1,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
            ti.run()
        assert State.FAILED == ti.state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_retries_on_other_exceptions(self, dag_maker):
        def fail():
            raise AirflowException("maybe this will pass?")

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_retries_on_other_exceptions"):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_raise_other_exception",
                python_callable=fail,
                retries=1,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with contextlib.suppress(AirflowException):
            ti.run()
        assert State.UP_FOR_RETRY == ti.state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @patch.object(TaskInstance, "logger")
    def test_stacktrace_on_failure_starts_with_task_execute_method(self, mock_get_log, dag_maker):
        def fail():
            raise AirflowException("maybe this will pass?")

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_retries_on_other_exceptions"):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_raise_other_exception",
                python_callable=fail,
                retries=1,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        mock_log = mock.Mock()
        mock_get_log.return_value = mock_log
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            ti.run()
        mock_log.error.assert_called_once()
        assert mock_log.error.call_args.args == ("Task failed with exception",)
        exc_info = mock_log.error.call_args.kwargs["exc_info"]
        filename = exc_info[2].tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
        formatted_exc = format_exception(*exc_info)
        assert sys.modules[TaskInstance.__module__].__file__ == filename, "".join(formatted_exc)

    def _env_var_check_callback(self):
        assert "test_echo_env_variables" == os.environ["AIRFLOW_CTX_DAG_ID"]
        assert "hive_in_python_op" == os.environ["AIRFLOW_CTX_TASK_ID"]
        assert DEFAULT_DATE.isoformat() == os.environ["AIRFLOW_CTX_EXECUTION_DATE"]
        assert DagRun.generate_run_id(DagRunType.MANUAL, DEFAULT_DATE) == os.environ["AIRFLOW_CTX_DAG_RUN_ID"]

    def test_echo_env_variables(self, dag_maker):
        with dag_maker(
            "test_echo_env_variables",
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE,
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
        ):
            op = PythonOperator(task_id="hive_in_python_op", python_callable=self._env_var_check_callback)
        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
            run_type=DagRunType.MANUAL,
            external_trigger=False,
        )
        ti = TI(task=op, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti.state = State.RUNNING
        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "code, expected_state",
        [
            pytest.param(1, State.FAILED, id="code-positive-number"),
            pytest.param(-1, State.FAILED, id="code-negative-number"),
            pytest.param("error", State.FAILED, id="code-text"),
            pytest.param(0, State.SUCCESS, id="code-zero"),
            pytest.param(None, State.SUCCESS, id="code-none"),
        ],
    )
    def test_handle_system_exit_failed(self, dag_maker, code, expected_state):
        with dag_maker():

            def f(*args, **kwargs):
                exit(code)

            task = PythonOperator(task_id="mytask", python_callable=f)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = TI(task=task, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti.state = State.RUNNING
        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()

        if expected_state == State.SUCCESS:
            ctx = contextlib.nullcontext()
        else:
            ctx = pytest.raises(AirflowException, match=rf"Task failed due to SystemExit\({code}\)")

        with ctx:
            ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == expected_state

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_get_current_context_works_in_template(self, dag_maker):
        def user_defined_macro():
            from airflow.operators.python import get_current_context

            get_current_context()

        with dag_maker(
            "test_context_inside_template",
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE,
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
            user_defined_macros={"user_defined_macro": user_defined_macro},
        ):

            def foo(arg):
                print(arg)

            PythonOperator(
                task_id="context_inside_template",
                python_callable=foo,
                op_kwargs={"arg": "{{ user_defined_macro() }}"},
            )
        dagrun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        tis = dagrun.get_task_instances()
        ti: TaskInstance = next(x for x in tis if x.task_id == "context_inside_template")
        ti._run_raw_task()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS

    @patch.object(Stats, "incr")
    def test_task_stats(self, stats_mock, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id="test_task_start_end_stats",
            end_date=timezone.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
            state=State.RUNNING,
        )
        stats_mock.reset_mock()

        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        ti._run_raw_task()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        stats_mock.assert_any_call(
            f"ti.finish.{ti.dag_id}.{ti.task_id}.{ti.state}",
            tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id},
        )
        stats_mock.assert_any_call(
            "ti.finish",
            tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id, "state": ti.state},
        )
        for state in State.task_states:
            assert (
                call(
                    f"ti.finish.{ti.dag_id}.{ti.task_id}.{state}",
                    count=0,
                    tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id},
                )
                in stats_mock.mock_calls
            )
            assert (
                call(
                    "ti.finish",
                    count=0,
                    tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id, "state": str(state)},
                )
                in stats_mock.mock_calls
            )
        assert (
            call(f"ti.start.{ti.dag_id}.{ti.task_id}", tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id})
            in stats_mock.mock_calls
        )
        assert call("ti.start", tags={"dag_id": ti.dag_id, "task_id": ti.task_id}) in stats_mock.mock_calls
        assert stats_mock.call_count == (2 * len(State.task_states)) + 7

    def test_command_as_list(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        ti.task.dag.fileloc = os.path.join(TEST_DAGS_FOLDER, "x.py")
        assert ti.command_as_list() == [
            "airflow",
            "tasks",
            "run",
            ti.dag_id,
            ti.task_id,
            ti.run_id,
            "--subdir",
            "DAGS_FOLDER/x.py",
        ]

    def test_generate_command_default_param(self):
        dag_id = "test_generate_command_default_param"
        task_id = "task"
        assert_command = ["airflow", "tasks", "run", dag_id, task_id, "run_1"]
        generate_command = TI.generate_command(dag_id=dag_id, task_id=task_id, run_id="run_1")
        assert assert_command == generate_command

    def test_generate_command_specific_param(self):
        dag_id = "test_generate_command_specific_param"
        task_id = "task"
        assert_command = [
            "airflow",
            "tasks",
            "run",
            dag_id,
            task_id,
            "run_1",
            "--mark-success",
            "--map-index",
            "0",
        ]
        generate_command = TI.generate_command(
            dag_id=dag_id, task_id=task_id, run_id="run_1", mark_success=True, map_index=0
        )
        assert assert_command == generate_command

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @provide_session
    def test_get_rendered_template_fields(self, dag_maker, session=None):
        with dag_maker("test-dag", session=session) as dag:
            task = BashOperator(task_id="op1", bash_command="{{ task.task_id }}")
        dag.fileloc = TEST_DAGS_FOLDER / "test_get_k8s_pod_yaml.py"
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task

        session.add(RenderedTaskInstanceFields(ti))
        session.flush()

        # Create new TI for the same Task
        new_task = BashOperator(task_id="op12", bash_command="{{ task.task_id }}", dag=dag)

        new_ti = TI(task=new_task, run_id=ti.run_id)
        new_ti.get_rendered_template_fields(session=session)

        assert "op1" == ti.task.bash_command

        # CleanUp
        with create_session() as session:
            session.query(RenderedTaskInstanceFields).delete()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_set_state_up_for_retry(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(state=State.RUNNING)

        start_date = timezone.utcnow()
        ti.start_date = start_date

        ti.set_state(State.UP_FOR_RETRY)
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert ti.start_date == start_date, "Start date should have been left alone"
        assert ti.start_date < ti.end_date
        assert ti.duration > 0

    def test_refresh_from_db(self, create_task_instance):
        run_date = timezone.utcnow()
        hybrid_props = ["task_display_name"]
        expected_values = {
            "task_id": "test_refresh_from_db_task",
            "dag_id": "test_refresh_from_db_dag",
            "run_id": "test",
            "map_index": -1,
            "start_date": run_date + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
            "end_date": run_date + datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1, milliseconds=234),
            "duration": 1.234,
            "state": State.SUCCESS,
            "try_number": 1,
            "max_tries": 1,
            "hostname": "some_unique_hostname",
            "unixname": "some_unique_unixname",
            "job_id": 1234,
            "pool": "some_fake_pool_id",
            "pool_slots": 25,
            "queue": "some_queue_id",
            "priority_weight": 123,
            "operator": "some_custom_operator",
            "custom_operator_name": "some_custom_operator",
            "queued_dttm": run_date + datetime.timedelta(hours=1),
            "rendered_map_index": None,
            "queued_by_job_id": 321,
            "pid": 123,
            "executor": "some_executor",
            "executor_config": {"Some": {"extra": "information"}},
            "external_executor_id": "some_executor_id",
            "trigger_timeout": None,
            "trigger_id": None,
            "next_kwargs": None,
            "next_method": None,
            "updated_at": None,
            "task_display_name": "Test Refresh from DB Task",
        }
        # Make sure we aren't missing any new value in our expected_values list.
        expected_keys = {f"task_instance.{key}" for key in expected_values}
        assert {str(c) for c in TI.__table__.columns} == expected_keys, (
            "Please add all non-foreign values of TaskInstance to this list. "
            "This prevents refresh_from_db() from missing a field."
        )

        ti = create_task_instance(
            task_id=expected_values["task_id"],
            task_display_name=expected_values["task_display_name"],
            dag_id=expected_values["dag_id"],
        )
        for key, expected_value in expected_values.items():
            if key not in hybrid_props:
                setattr(ti, key, expected_value)
        with create_session() as session:
            session.merge(ti)
            session.commit()

        mock_task = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_task.task_id = expected_values["task_id"]
        mock_task.dag_id = expected_values["dag_id"]

        ti = TI(task=mock_task, run_id="test")
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        for key, expected_value in expected_values.items():
            assert hasattr(ti, key), f"Key {key} is missing in the TaskInstance."
            if key not in hybrid_props:
                assert (
                    getattr(ti, key) == expected_value
                ), f"Key: {key} had different values. Make sure it loads it in the refresh refresh_from_db()"

    def test_operator_field_with_serialization(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance()
        assert ti.task.task_type == "EmptyOperator"
        assert ti.task.operator_name == "EmptyOperator"

        # Verify that ti.operator field renders correctly "without" Serialization
        assert ti.operator == "EmptyOperator"

        serialized_op = SerializedBaseOperator.serialize_operator(ti.task)
        deserialized_op = SerializedBaseOperator.deserialize_operator(serialized_op)
        assert deserialized_op.task_type == "EmptyOperator"
        # Verify that ti.operator field renders correctly "with" Serialization
        deserialized_op.dag = ti.task.dag
        ser_ti = TI(task=deserialized_op, run_id=None)
        assert ser_ti.operator == "EmptyOperator"
        assert ser_ti.task.operator_name == "EmptyOperator"

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_clear_db_references(self, session, create_task_instance):
        tables = [TaskFail, RenderedTaskInstanceFields, XCom]
        ti = create_task_instance()
        ti.note = "sample note"

        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        for table in [TaskFail, RenderedTaskInstanceFields]:
            session.add(table(ti))
        XCom.set(key="key", value="value", task_id=ti.task_id, dag_id=ti.dag_id, run_id=ti.run_id)
        session.commit()
        for table in tables:
            assert session.query(table).count() == 1

        filter_kwargs = dict(dag_id=ti.dag_id, task_id=ti.task_id, run_id=ti.run_id, map_index=ti.map_index)
        ti_note = session.query(TaskInstanceNote).filter_by(**filter_kwargs).one()
        assert ti_note.content == "sample note"

        ti.clear_db_references(session)
        for table in tables:
            assert session.query(table).count() == 0

        assert session.query(TaskInstanceNote).filter_by(**filter_kwargs).one_or_none() is None

    def test_skipped_task_call_on_skipped_callback(self, dag_maker):
        def raise_skip_exception():
            raise AirflowSkipException

        callback_function = mock.MagicMock()
        callback_function.__name__ = "callback_function"

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_skipped_task", serialized=True):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id="test_skipped_task",
                python_callable=raise_skip_exception,
                on_skipped_callback=callback_function,
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow())
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        ti.run()
        assert State.SKIPPED == ti.state
        assert callback_function.called

    def test_task_instance_history_is_created_when_ti_goes_for_retry(self, dag_maker, session):
        with dag_maker(serialized=True):
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id="test_history_tab",
                bash_command="ech",
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
            )

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with pytest.raises(AirflowException):
            ti.run()
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.UP_FOR_RETRY
        assert session.query(TaskInstance).count() == 1
        assert session.query(TaskInstanceHistory).count() == 1


@pytest.mark.parametrize("pool_override", [None, "test_pool2"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("queue_by_policy", [None, "forced_queue"])
def test_refresh_from_task(pool_override, queue_by_policy, monkeypatch):
    default_queue = "test_queue"
    expected_queue = queue_by_policy or default_queue
    if queue_by_policy:
        # Apply a dummy cluster policy to check if it is always applied
        def mock_policy(task_instance: TaskInstance):
            task_instance.queue = queue_by_policy

        monkeypatch.setattr("airflow.models.taskinstance.task_instance_mutation_hook", mock_policy)

    task = EmptyOperator(
        task_id="empty",
        queue=default_queue,
        pool="test_pool1",
        pool_slots=3,
        priority_weight=10,
        run_as_user="test",
        retries=30,
        executor_config={"KubernetesExecutor": {"image": "myCustomDockerImage"}},
    )
    ti = TI(task, run_id=None)
    ti.refresh_from_task(task, pool_override=pool_override)

    assert ti.queue == expected_queue

    if pool_override:
        assert ti.pool == pool_override
    else:
        assert ti.pool == task.pool

    assert ti.pool_slots == task.pool_slots
    assert ti.priority_weight == task.priority_weight_total
    assert ti.run_as_user == task.run_as_user
    assert ti.max_tries == task.retries
    assert ti.executor_config == task.executor_config
    assert ti.operator == EmptyOperator.__name__

    # Test that refresh_from_task does not reset ti.max_tries
    expected_max_tries = task.retries + 10
    ti.max_tries = expected_max_tries
    ti.refresh_from_task(task)
    assert ti.max_tries == expected_max_tries


class TestRunRawTaskQueriesCount:
    """
    These tests are designed to detect changes in the number of queries executed
    when calling _run_raw_task
    """

    @staticmethod
    def _clean():
        db.clear_db_runs()
        db.clear_db_pools()
        db.clear_db_dags()
        db.clear_db_sla_miss()
        db.clear_db_import_errors()
        db.clear_db_datasets()

    def setup_method(self) -> None:
        self._clean()

    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
        self._clean()


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["poke", "reschedule"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("retries", [0, 1])
def test_sensor_timeout(mode, retries, dag_maker):
    """
    Test that AirflowSensorTimeout does not cause sensor to retry.
    """

    def timeout():
        raise AirflowSensorTimeout

    mock_on_failure = mock.MagicMock()
    mock_on_failure.__name__ = "mock_on_failure"
    with dag_maker(dag_id=f"test_sensor_timeout_{mode}_{retries}"):
        PythonSensor(
            task_id="test_raise_sensor_timeout",
            python_callable=timeout,
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure,
            retries=retries,
            mode=mode,
        )
    ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]

    with pytest.raises(AirflowSensorTimeout):
        ti.run()

    assert mock_on_failure.called
    assert ti.state == State.FAILED


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["poke", "reschedule"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("retries", [0, 1])
def test_mapped_sensor_timeout(mode, retries, dag_maker):
    """
    Test that AirflowSensorTimeout does not cause mapped sensor to retry.
    """

    def timeout():
        raise AirflowSensorTimeout

    mock_on_failure = mock.MagicMock()
    mock_on_failure.__name__ = "mock_on_failure"
    with dag_maker(dag_id=f"test_sensor_timeout_{mode}_{retries}"):
        PythonSensor.partial(
            task_id="test_raise_sensor_timeout",
            python_callable=timeout,
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure,
            retries=retries,
        ).expand(mode=[mode])
    ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]

    with pytest.raises(AirflowSensorTimeout):
        ti.run()

    assert mock_on_failure.called
    assert ti.state == State.FAILED


@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["poke", "reschedule"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("retries", [0, 1])
def test_mapped_sensor_works(mode, retries, dag_maker):
    """
    Test that mapped sensors reaches success state.
    """

    def timeout(ti):
        return 1

    with dag_maker(dag_id=f"test_sensor_timeout_{mode}_{retries}", serialized=True):
        PythonSensor.partial(
            task_id="test_raise_sensor_timeout",
            python_callable=timeout,
            retries=retries,
        ).expand(mode=[mode])
    ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances[0]

    ti.run()
    assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS


class TestTaskInstanceRecordTaskMapXComPush:
    """Test TI.xcom_push() correctly records return values for task-mapping."""

    def setup_class(self):
        """Ensure we start fresh."""
        with create_session() as session:
            session.query(TaskMap).delete()

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xcom_value", [[1, 2, 3], {"a": 1, "b": 2}, "abc"])
    def test_not_recorded_if_leaf(self, dag_maker, xcom_value):
        """Return value should not be recorded if there are no downstreams."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_recorded_for_unused") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_something():
                return xcom_value

            push_something()

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xcom_value", [[1, 2, 3], {"a": 1, "b": 2}, "abc"])
    def test_not_recorded_if_not_used(self, dag_maker, xcom_value):
        """Return value should not be recorded if no downstreams are mapped."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_recorded_for_unused") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_something():
                return xcom_value

            @dag.task()
            def completely_different():
                pass

            push_something() >> completely_different()

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xcom_1", [[1, 2, 3], {"a": 1, "b": 2}, "abc"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("xcom_4", [[1, 2, 3], {"a": 1, "b": 2}])
    def test_not_recorded_if_irrelevant(self, dag_maker, xcom_1, xcom_4):
        """Return value should only be recorded if a mapped downstream uses the it."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_recorded_for_unused") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_1():
                return xcom_1

            @dag.task()
            def push_2():
                return [-1, -2]

            @dag.task()
            def push_3():
                return ["x", "y"]

            @dag.task()
            def push_4():
                return xcom_4

            @dag.task()
            def show(arg1, arg2):
                print(arg1, arg2)

            @task_group()
            def tg(arg):
                show(arg1=task_3, arg2=arg)

            task_3 = push_3()
            show.partial(arg1=push_1()).expand(arg2=push_2())
            tg.expand(arg=push_4())

        tis = {ti.task_id: ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances}

        tis["push_1"].run()
        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0

        tis["push_2"].run()
        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 1

        tis["push_3"].run()
        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 1

        tis["push_4"].run()
        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 2

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_value, exception_type, error_message",
        [
            ("abc", UnmappableXComTypePushed, "unmappable return type 'str'"),
            (None, XComForMappingNotPushed, "did not push XCom for task mapping"),
        ],
    )
    def test_expand_error_if_unmappable_type(self, dag_maker, return_value, exception_type, error_message):
        """If an unmappable return value is used for expand(), fail the task that pushed the XCom."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_expand_error_if_unmappable_type") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_something():
                return return_value

            @dag.task()
            def pull_something(value):
                print(value)

            pull_something.expand(value=push_something())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        with pytest.raises(exception_type) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == error_message

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_value, exception_type, error_message",
        [
            (123, UnmappableXComTypePushed, "unmappable return type 'int'"),
            (None, XComForMappingNotPushed, "did not push XCom for task mapping"),
        ],
    )
    def test_expand_kwargs_error_if_unmappable_type(
        self,
        dag_maker,
        return_value,
        exception_type,
        error_message,
    ):
        """If an unmappable return value is used for expand_kwargs(), fail the task that pushed the XCom."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_expand_kwargs_error_if_unmappable_type") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push():
                return return_value

            MockOperator.partial(task_id="pull").expand_kwargs(push())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push")
        with pytest.raises(exception_type) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == error_message

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_value, exception_type, error_message",
        [
            (123, UnmappableXComTypePushed, "unmappable return type 'int'"),
            (None, XComForMappingNotPushed, "did not push XCom for task mapping"),
        ],
    )
    def test_task_group_expand_error_if_unmappable_type(
        self,
        dag_maker,
        return_value,
        exception_type,
        error_message,
    ):
        """If an unmappable return value is used , fail the task that pushed the XCom."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_task_group_expand_error_if_unmappable_type") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push():
                return return_value

            @task_group
            def tg(arg):
                MockOperator(task_id="pull", arg1=arg)

            tg.expand(arg=push())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push")
        with pytest.raises(exception_type) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == error_message

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "return_value, exception_type, error_message",
        [
            (123, UnmappableXComTypePushed, "unmappable return type 'int'"),
            (None, XComForMappingNotPushed, "did not push XCom for task mapping"),
        ],
    )
    def test_task_group_expand_kwargs_error_if_unmappable_type(
        self,
        dag_maker,
        return_value,
        exception_type,
        error_message,
    ):
        """If an unmappable return value is used, fail the task that pushed the XCom."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_task_group_expand_kwargs_error_if_unmappable_type") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push():
                return return_value

            @task_group
            def tg(arg):
                MockOperator(task_id="pull", arg1=arg)

            tg.expand_kwargs(push())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push")
        with pytest.raises(exception_type) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == error_message

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "create_upstream",
        [
            # The task returns an invalid expand_kwargs() input (a list[int] instead of list[dict]).
            pytest.param(lambda: task(task_id="push")(lambda: [0])(), id="normal"),
            # This task returns a list[dict] (correct), but we use map() to transform it to list[int] (wrong).
            pytest.param(lambda: task(task_id="push")(lambda: [{"v": ""}])().map(lambda _: 0), id="mapped"),
        ],
    )
    def test_expand_kwargs_error_if_received_invalid(self, dag_maker, session, create_upstream):
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_expand_kwargs_error_if_received_invalid", session=session):
            push_task = create_upstream()

            @task()
            def pull(v):
                print(v)

            pull.expand_kwargs(push_task)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        # Run "push".
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        assert decision.schedulable_tis
        for ti in decision.schedulable_tis:
            ti.run()

        # Run "pull".
        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        assert decision.schedulable_tis
        for ti in decision.schedulable_tis:
            with pytest.raises(ValueError) as ctx:
                ti.run()
            assert str(ctx.value) == "expand_kwargs() expects a list[dict], not list[int]"

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "downstream, error_message",
        [
            ("taskflow", "mapping already partial argument: arg2"),
            ("classic", "unmappable or already specified argument: arg2"),
        ],
        ids=["taskflow", "classic"],
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("strict", [True, False], ids=["strict", "override"])
    def test_expand_kwargs_override_partial(self, dag_maker, session, downstream, error_message, strict):
        class ClassicOperator(MockOperator):
            def execute(self, context):
                return (self.arg1, self.arg2)

        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_expand_kwargs_override_partial", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push():
                return [{"arg1": "a"}, {"arg1": "b", "arg2": "c"}]

            push_task = push()

            ClassicOperator.partial(task_id="classic", arg2="d").expand_kwargs(push_task, strict=strict)

            @dag.task(task_id="taskflow")
            def pull(arg1, arg2):
                return (arg1, arg2)

            pull.partial(arg2="d").expand_kwargs(push_task, strict=strict)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        next(ti for ti in dr.task_instances if ti.task_id == "push").run()

        decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
        tis = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index, ti.state): ti for ti in decision.schedulable_tis}
        assert sorted(tis) == [
            ("classic", 0, None),
            ("classic", 1, None),
            ("taskflow", 0, None),
            ("taskflow", 1, None),
        ]

        ti = tis[(downstream, 0, None)]
        ti.run()
        ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=downstream, map_indexes=0, session=session) == ["a", "d"]

        ti = tis[(downstream, 1, None)]
        if strict:
            with pytest.raises(TypeError) as ctx:
                ti.run()
            assert str(ctx.value) == error_message
        else:
            ti.run()
            ti.xcom_pull(task_ids=downstream, map_indexes=1, session=session) == ["b", "c"]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_error_if_upstream_does_not_push(self, dag_maker):
        """Fail the upstream task if it fails to push the XCom used for task mapping."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_recorded_for_unused") as dag:

            @dag.task(do_xcom_push=False)
            def push_something():
                return [1, 2]

            @dag.task()
            def pull_something(value):
                print(value)

            pull_something.expand(value=push_something())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        with pytest.raises(XComForMappingNotPushed) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == "did not push XCom for task mapping"

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @conf_vars({("core", "max_map_length"): "1"})
    def test_error_if_unmappable_length(self, dag_maker):
        """If an unmappable return value is used to map, fail the task that pushed the XCom."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_not_recorded_for_unused") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_something():
                return [1, 2]

            @dag.task()
            def pull_something(value):
                print(value)

            pull_something.expand(value=push_something())

        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_maker.create_dagrun().task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        with pytest.raises(UnmappableXComLengthPushed) as ctx:
            ti.run()

        assert dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).count() == 0
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.FAILED
        assert str(ctx.value) == "unmappable return value length: 2 > 1"

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "xcom_value, expected_length, expected_keys",
        [
            ([1, 2, 3], 3, None),
            ({"a": 1, "b": 2}, 2, ["a", "b"]),
        ],
    )
    def test_written_task_map(self, dag_maker, xcom_value, expected_length, expected_keys):
        """Return value should be recorded in TaskMap if it's used by a downstream to map."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_written_task_map") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def push_something():
                return xcom_value

            @dag.task()
            def pull_something(value):
                print(value)

            pull_something.expand(value=push_something())

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = next(ti for ti in dag_run.task_instances if ti.task_id == "push_something")
        ti.run()

        task_map = dag_maker.session.query(TaskMap).one()
        assert task_map.dag_id == "test_written_task_map"
        assert task_map.task_id == "push_something"
        assert task_map.run_id == dag_run.run_id
        assert task_map.map_index == -1
        assert task_map.length == expected_length
        assert task_map.keys == expected_keys

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_no_error_on_changing_from_non_mapped_to_mapped(self, dag_maker, session):
        """If a task changes from non-mapped to mapped, don't fail on integrity error."""
        with dag_maker(dag_id="test_no_error_on_changing_from_non_mapped_to_mapped") as dag:

            @dag.task()
            def add_one(x):
                return [x + 1]

            @dag.task()
            def add_two(x):
                return x + 2

            task1 = add_one(2)
            add_two.expand(x=task1)

        dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="add_one")
        ti.run()
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.SUCCESS
        dag._remove_task("add_one")
        with dag:
            task1 = add_one.expand(x=[1, 2, 3]).operator
        serialized_dag = SerializedDAG.from_dict(SerializedDAG.to_dict(dag))

        dr.dag = serialized_dag
        dr.verify_integrity(session=session)
        ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="add_one")
        assert ti.state == TaskInstanceState.REMOVED
        dag.clear()
        ti.refresh_from_task(task1)
        # This should not raise an integrity error
        dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions()


class TestMappedTaskInstanceReceiveValue:
    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "literal, expected_outputs",
        [
            pytest.param([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], id="list"),
            pytest.param({"a": 1, "b": 2}, [("a", 1), ("b", 2)], id="dict"),
        ],
    )
    def test_map_literal(self, literal, expected_outputs, dag_maker, session):
        outputs = []

        with dag_maker(dag_id="literal", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def show(value):
                outputs.append(value)

            show.expand(value=literal)

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        show_task = dag.get_task("show")
        mapped_tis = (
            session.query(TI)
            .filter_by(task_id="show", dag_id=dag_run.dag_id, run_id=dag_run.run_id)
            .order_by(TI.map_index)
            .all()
        )
        assert len(mapped_tis) == len(literal)

        for ti in sorted(mapped_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("map_index")):
            ti.refresh_from_task(show_task)
            ti.run()
        assert outputs == expected_outputs

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "upstream_return, expected_outputs",
        [
            pytest.param([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], id="list"),
            pytest.param({"a": 1, "b": 2}, [("a", 1), ("b", 2)], id="dict"),
        ],
    )
    def test_map_xcom(self, upstream_return, expected_outputs, dag_maker, session):
        outputs = []

        with dag_maker(dag_id="xcom", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def emit():
                return upstream_return

            @dag.task
            def show(value):
                outputs.append(value)

            show.expand(value=emit())

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        emit_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance("emit", session=session)
        emit_ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task("emit"))
        emit_ti.run()

        show_task = dag.get_task("show")
        mapped_tis, max_map_index = show_task.expand_mapped_task(dag_run.run_id, session=session)
        assert max_map_index + 1 == len(mapped_tis) == len(upstream_return)

        for ti in sorted(mapped_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("map_index")):
            ti.refresh_from_task(show_task)
            ti.run()
        assert outputs == expected_outputs

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_map_product(self, dag_maker, session):
        outputs = []

        with dag_maker(dag_id="product", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def emit_numbers():
                return [1, 2]

            @dag.task
            def emit_letters():
                return {"a": "x", "b": "y", "c": "z"}

            @dag.task
            def show(number, letter):
                outputs.append((number, letter))

            show.expand(number=emit_numbers(), letter=emit_letters())

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        for task_id in ["emit_numbers", "emit_letters"]:
            ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id, session=session)
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(task_id))
            ti.run()

        show_task = dag.get_task("show")
        mapped_tis, max_map_index = show_task.expand_mapped_task(dag_run.run_id, session=session)
        assert max_map_index + 1 == len(mapped_tis) == 6

        for ti in sorted(mapped_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("map_index")):
            ti.refresh_from_task(show_task)
            ti.run()
        assert outputs == [
            (1, ("a", "x")),
            (1, ("b", "y")),
            (1, ("c", "z")),
            (2, ("a", "x")),
            (2, ("b", "y")),
            (2, ("c", "z")),
        ]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_map_product_same(self, dag_maker, session):
        """Test a mapped task can refer to the same source multiple times."""
        outputs = []

        with dag_maker(dag_id="product_same", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def emit_numbers():
                return [1, 2]

            @dag.task
            def show(a, b):
                outputs.append((a, b))

            emit_task = emit_numbers()
            show.expand(a=emit_task, b=emit_task)

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        ti = dag_run.get_task_instance("emit_numbers", session=session)
        ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task("emit_numbers"))
        ti.run()

        show_task = dag.get_task("show")
        with pytest.raises(NotFullyPopulated):
            assert show_task.get_parse_time_mapped_ti_count()
        mapped_tis, max_map_index = show_task.expand_mapped_task(dag_run.run_id, session=session)
        assert max_map_index + 1 == len(mapped_tis) == 4

        for ti in sorted(mapped_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("map_index")):
            ti.refresh_from_task(show_task)
            ti.run()
        assert outputs == [(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_map_literal_cross_product(self, dag_maker, session):
        """Test a mapped task with literal cross product args expand properly."""
        outputs = []

        with dag_maker(dag_id="product_same_types", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def show(a, b):
                outputs.append((a, b))

            show.expand(a=[2, 4, 8], b=[5, 10])

        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

        show_task = dag.get_task("show")
        assert show_task.get_parse_time_mapped_ti_count() == 6
        mapped_tis, max_map_index = show_task.expand_mapped_task(dag_run.run_id, session=session)
        assert len(mapped_tis) == 0  # Expanded at parse!
        assert max_map_index == 5

        tis = (
            session.query(TaskInstance)
            .filter(
                TaskInstance.dag_id == dag.dag_id,
                TaskInstance.task_id == "show",
                TaskInstance.run_id == dag_run.run_id,
            )
            .order_by(TaskInstance.map_index)
            .all()
        )
        for ti in tis:
            ti.refresh_from_task(show_task)
            ti.run()
        assert outputs == [(2, 5), (2, 10), (4, 5), (4, 10), (8, 5), (8, 10)]

    @pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
    def test_map_in_group(self, tmp_path: pathlib.Path, dag_maker, session):
        out = tmp_path.joinpath("out")
        out.touch()

        with dag_maker(dag_id="in_group", session=session) as dag:

            @dag.task
            def envs():
                return [{"VAR1": "FOO"}, {"VAR1": "BAR"}]

            @dag.task
            def cmds():
                return [f'echo "hello $VAR1" >> {out}', f'echo "goodbye $VAR1" >> {out}']

            with TaskGroup(group_id="dynamic"):
                BashOperator.partial(task_id="bash", do_xcom_push=False).expand(
                    env=envs(),
                    bash_command=cmds(),
                )

        dag_run: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        original_tis = {ti.task_id: ti for ti in dag_run.get_task_instances(session=session)}

        for task_id in ["dynamic.envs", "dynamic.cmds"]:
            ti = original_tis[task_id]
            ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task(task_id))
            ti.run()

        bash_task = dag.get_task("dynamic.bash")
        mapped_bash_tis, max_map_index = bash_task.expand_mapped_task(dag_run.run_id, session=session)
        assert max_map_index == 3  # 2 * 2 mapped tasks.
        for ti in sorted(mapped_bash_tis, key=operator.attrgetter("map_index")):
            ti.refresh_from_task(bash_task)
            ti.run()

        with out.open() as f:
            out_lines = [line.strip() for line in f]
        assert out_lines == ["hello FOO", "goodbye FOO", "hello BAR", "goodbye BAR"]


def _get_lazy_xcom_access_expected_sql_lines() -> list[str]:
    backend = os.environ.get("BACKEND")
    if backend == "mysql":
        return [
            "SELECT xcom.value",
            "FROM xcom",
            "WHERE xcom.dag_id = 'test_dag' AND xcom.run_id = 'test' "
            "AND xcom.task_id = 't' AND xcom.map_index = -1 AND xcom.`key` = 'xxx'",
        ]
    elif backend == "postgres":
        return [
            "SELECT xcom.value",
            "FROM xcom",
            "WHERE xcom.dag_id = 'test_dag' AND xcom.run_id = 'test' "
            "AND xcom.task_id = 't' AND xcom.map_index = -1 AND xcom.key = 'xxx'",
        ]
    elif backend == "sqlite":
        return [
            "SELECT xcom.value",
            "FROM xcom",
            "WHERE xcom.dag_id = 'test_dag' AND xcom.run_id = 'test' "
            "AND xcom.task_id = 't' AND xcom.map_index = -1 AND xcom.\"key\" = 'xxx'",
        ]
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(f"unknown backend {backend!r}")


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_lazy_xcom_access_does_not_pickle_session(dag_maker, session):
    with dag_maker(session=session):
        EmptyOperator(task_id="t")

    run: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
    run.get_task_instance("t", session=session).xcom_push("xxx", 123, session=session)

    with set_current_task_instance_session(session=session):
        original = LazyXComSelectSequence.from_select(
            select(XCom.value).filter_by(
                dag_id=run.dag_id,
                run_id=run.run_id,
                task_id="t",
                map_index=-1,
                key="xxx",
            ),
            order_by=(),
        )
        processed = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(original))

    # After the object went through pickling, the underlying ORM query should be
    # replaced by one backed by a literal SQL string with all variables binded.
    sql_lines = [line.strip() for line in str(processed._select_asc.compile(None)).splitlines()]
    assert sql_lines == _get_lazy_xcom_access_expected_sql_lines()

    assert len(processed) == 1
    assert list(processed) == [123]


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
@mock.patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.XCom.deserialize_value", side_effect=XCom.deserialize_value)
def test_ti_xcom_pull_on_mapped_operator_return_lazy_iterable(mock_deserialize_value, dag_maker, session):
    """Ensure we access XCom lazily when pulling from a mapped operator."""
    with dag_maker(dag_id="test_xcom", session=session):
        # Use the private _expand() method to avoid the empty kwargs check.
        # We don't care about how the operator runs here, only its presence.
        task_1 = EmptyOperator.partial(task_id="task_1")._expand(EXPAND_INPUT_EMPTY, strict=False)
        EmptyOperator(task_id="task_2")

    dagrun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

    ti_1_0 = dagrun.get_task_instance("task_1", session=session)
    ti_1_0.map_index = 0
    ti_1_1 = session.merge(TaskInstance(task_1, run_id=dagrun.run_id, map_index=1, state=ti_1_0.state))
    session.flush()

    ti_1_0.xcom_push(key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY, value="a", session=session)
    ti_1_1.xcom_push(key=XCOM_RETURN_KEY, value="b", session=session)

    ti_2 = dagrun.get_task_instance("task_2", session=session)

    # Simply pulling the joined XCom value should not deserialize.
    joined = ti_2.xcom_pull("task_1", session=session)
    assert isinstance(joined, LazyXComSelectSequence)
    assert mock_deserialize_value.call_count == 0

    # Only when we go through the iterable does deserialization happen.
    it = iter(joined)
    assert next(it) == "a"
    assert mock_deserialize_value.call_count == 1
    assert next(it) == "b"
    assert mock_deserialize_value.call_count == 2
    with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
        next(it)


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_ti_mapped_depends_on_mapped_xcom_arg(dag_maker, session):
    with dag_maker(session=session) as dag:

        @dag.task
        def add_one(x):
            return x + 1

        two_three_four = add_one.expand(x=[1, 2, 3])
        add_one.expand(x=two_three_four)

    dagrun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
    for map_index in range(3):
        ti = dagrun.get_task_instance("add_one", map_index=map_index, session=session)
        ti.refresh_from_task(dag.get_task("add_one"))
        ti.run()

    task_345 = dag.get_task("add_one__1")
    for ti in task_345.expand_mapped_task(dagrun.run_id, session=session)[0]:
        ti.refresh_from_task(task_345)
        ti.run()

    query = XCom.get_many(run_id=dagrun.run_id, task_ids=["add_one__1"], session=session)
    assert [x.value for x in query.order_by(None).order_by(XCom.map_index)] == [3, 4, 5]


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_mapped_upstream_return_none_should_skip(dag_maker, session):
    results = set()

    with dag_maker(dag_id="test_mapped_upstream_return_none_should_skip", session=session) as dag:

        @dag.task()
        def transform(value):
            if value == "b":  # Now downstream doesn't map against this!
                return None
            return value

        @dag.task()
        def pull(value):
            results.add(value)

        original = ["a", "b", "c"]
        transformed = transform.expand(value=original)  # ["a", None, "c"]
        pull.expand(value=transformed)  # ["a", "c"]

    dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

    decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
    tis = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index): ti for ti in decision.schedulable_tis}
    assert sorted(tis) == [("transform", 0), ("transform", 1), ("transform", 2)]
    for ti in tis.values():
        ti.run()

    decision = dr.task_instance_scheduling_decisions(session=session)
    tis = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index): ti for ti in decision.schedulable_tis}
    assert sorted(tis) == [("pull", 0), ("pull", 1)]
    for ti in tis.values():
        ti.run()

    assert results == {"a", "c"}


def test_expand_non_templated_field(dag_maker, session):
    """Test expand on non-templated fields sets upstream deps properly."""

    class SimpleBashOperator(BashOperator):
        template_fields = ()

    with dag_maker(dag_id="product_same_types", session=session) as dag:

        @dag.task
        def get_extra_env():
            return [{"foo": "bar"}, {"foo": "biz"}]

        SimpleBashOperator.partial(task_id="echo", bash_command="echo $FOO").expand(env=get_extra_env())

    dag_maker.create_dagrun()

    echo_task = dag.get_task("echo")
    assert "get_extra_env" in echo_task.upstream_task_ids


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_mapped_task_does_not_error_in_mini_scheduler_if_upstreams_are_not_done(dag_maker, caplog, session):
    """
    This tests that when scheduling child tasks of a task and there's a mapped downstream task,
    if the mapped downstream task has upstreams that are not yet done, the mapped downstream task is
    not marked as `upstream_failed'
    """
    with dag_maker() as dag:

        @dag.task
        def second_task():
            return [0, 1, 2]

        @dag.task
        def first_task():
            print(2)

        @dag.task
        def middle_task(id):
            return id

        middle = middle_task.expand(id=second_task())

        @dag.task
        def last_task():
            print(3)

        [first_task(), middle] >> last_task()

    dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
    first_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="first_task")
    second_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="second_task")
    first_ti.state = State.SUCCESS
    second_ti.state = State.RUNNING
    session.merge(first_ti)
    session.merge(second_ti)
    session.commit()
    first_ti.schedule_downstream_tasks(session=session)
    middle_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="middle_task")
    assert middle_ti.state != State.UPSTREAM_FAILED
    assert "0 downstream tasks scheduled from follow-on schedule" in caplog.text


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_empty_operator_is_not_considered_in_mini_scheduler(dag_maker, caplog, session):
    """
    This tests verify that operators with inherits_from_empty_operator are not considered by mini scheduler.
    Such operators should not run on workers thus the mini scheduler optimization should skip them and not
    submit them directly to worker.
    """
    with dag_maker() as dag:

        @dag.task
        def first_task():
            print(2)

        @dag.task
        def second_task():
            print(2)

        third_task = EmptyOperator(task_id="third_task")
        forth_task = EmptyOperator(task_id="forth_task", on_success_callback=lambda x: print("hi"))

        first_task() >> [second_task(), third_task, forth_task]
        dag_run = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        first_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="first_task")
        second_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="second_task")
        third_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="third_task")
        forth_ti = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="forth_task")
        first_ti.state = State.SUCCESS
        second_ti.state = State.NONE
        third_ti.state = State.NONE
        forth_ti.state = State.NONE
        session.merge(first_ti)
        session.merge(second_ti)
        session.merge(third_ti)
        session.merge(forth_ti)
        session.commit()
        first_ti.schedule_downstream_tasks(session=session)
        second_task = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="second_task")
        third_task = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="third_task")
        forth_task = dag_run.get_task_instance(task_id="forth_task")
        assert second_task.state == State.SCHEDULED
        assert third_task.state == State.NONE
        assert forth_task.state == State.SCHEDULED
        assert "2 downstream tasks scheduled from follow-on schedule" in caplog.text


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_mapped_task_expands_in_mini_scheduler_if_upstreams_are_done(dag_maker, caplog, session):
    """Test that mini scheduler expands mapped task"""
    with dag_maker() as dag:

        @dag.task
        def second_task():
            return [0, 1, 2]

        @dag.task
        def first_task():
            print(2)

        @dag.task
        def middle_task(id):
            return id

        middle = middle_task.expand(id=second_task())

        @dag.task
        def last_task():
            print(3)

        [first_task(), middle] >> last_task()

    dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun()

    first_ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="first_task")
    first_ti.state = State.SUCCESS
    session.merge(first_ti)
    session.commit()
    second_task = dag.get_task("second_task")
    second_ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="second_task")
    second_ti.refresh_from_task(second_task)
    second_ti.run()
    second_ti.schedule_downstream_tasks(session=session)
    for i in range(3):
        middle_ti = dr.get_task_instance(task_id="middle_task", map_index=i)
        assert middle_ti.state == State.SCHEDULED
    assert "3 downstream tasks scheduled from follow-on schedule" in caplog.text


@pytest.mark.skip_if_database_isolation_mode  # Does not work in db isolation mode
def test_mini_scheduler_not_skip_mapped_downstream_until_all_upstreams_finish(dag_maker, session):
    with dag_maker(session=session):

        @task
        def generate() -> list[list[int]]:
            return []

        @task
        def a_sum(numbers: list[int]) -> int:
            return sum(numbers)

        @task
        def b_double(summed: int) -> int:
            return summed * 2

        @task
        def c_gather(result) -> None:
            pass

        static = EmptyOperator(task_id="static")

        summed = a_sum.expand(numbers=generate())
        doubled = b_double.expand(summed=summed)
        static >> c_gather(doubled)

    dr: DagRun = dag_maker.create_dagrun()
    tis = {(ti.task_id, ti.map_index): ti for ti in dr.task_instances}

    static_ti = tis[("static", -1)]
    static_ti.run(session=session)
    static_ti.schedule_downstream_tasks(session=session)
    # No tasks should be skipped yet!
    assert not dr.get_task_instances([TaskInstanceState.SKIPPED], session=session)

    generate_ti = tis[("generate", -1)]
    generate_ti.run(session=session)
    generate_ti.schedule_downstream_tasks(session=session)
    # Now downstreams can be skipped.
    assert dr.get_task_instances([TaskInstanceState.SKIPPED], session=session)


def test_taskinstance_with_note(create_task_instance, session):
    ti: TaskInstance = create_task_instance(session=session)
    ti.note = "ti with note"

    session.add(ti)
    session.commit()

    filter_kwargs = dict(dag_id=ti.dag_id, task_id=ti.task_id, run_id=ti.run_id, map_index=ti.map_index)

    ti_note: TaskInstanceNote = session.query(TaskInstanceNote).filter_by(**filter_kwargs).one()
    assert ti_note.content == "ti with note"

    session.delete(ti)
    session.commit()

    assert session.query(TaskInstance).filter_by(**filter_kwargs).one_or_none() is None
    assert session.query(TaskInstanceNote).filter_by(**filter_kwargs).one_or_none() is None


def test__refresh_from_db_should_not_increment_try_number(dag_maker, session):
    with dag_maker():
        BashOperator(task_id="hello", bash_command="hi")
    dag_maker.create_dagrun(state="success")
    ti = session.scalar(select(TaskInstance))
    session.get(TaskInstance, ti.key.primary).try_number += 1
    session.commit()
    assert ti.task_id == "hello"  # just to confirm...
    assert ti.try_number == 1  # starts out as 1
    ti.refresh_from_db()
    assert ti.try_number == 1  # stays 1
    ti.refresh_from_db()
    assert ti.try_number == 1  # stays 1


@mock.patch("airflow.models.taskinstance.TaskInstance._schedule_downstream_tasks")
def test_swallow_mini_scheduler_exceptions(_schedule_downstream_mock, create_task_instance, caplog):
    _schedule_downstream_mock.side_effect = Exception("To be swallowed")
    caplog.set_level(logging.ERROR)
    ti = create_task_instance(
        dag_id="dag_for_testing_swallowing_exception",
        task_id="task_for_testing_swallowing_exception",
        run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
        execution_date=DEFAULT_DATE,
    )
    ti.schedule_downstream_tasks()
    assert "Error scheduling downstream tasks." in caplog.text
    assert "To be swallowed" in caplog.text