diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/lib/project.ts b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/lib/project.ts
index a6f04fca4504a..99e7a788fa538 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/lib/project.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/lib/project.ts
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ export interface IProject extends IResource, iam.IGrantable, ec2.IConnectable, n
   /** The IAM service Role of this Project. Undefined for imported Projects. */
   readonly role?: iam.IRole;
 
+  /**
+   * If true, batch builds have been enabled.
+   *
+   * @default false - batch builds have not been enabled.
+   */
+  readonly isBatchBuildEnabled: boolean;
+
   /**
    * Enable batch builds.
    *
@@ -279,6 +286,14 @@ abstract class ProjectBase extends Resource implements IProject {
     return this._connections;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Actual value will be determined for a Project
+   * using a getter depending on the effect of enableBatchBuilds
+   */
+  public get isBatchBuildEnabled(): boolean {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   public enableBatchBuilds(): BatchBuildConfig | undefined {
     return undefined;
   }
@@ -1045,6 +1060,7 @@ export class Project extends ProjectBase {
   private readonly _secondarySources: CfnProject.SourceProperty[];
   private readonly _secondarySourceVersions: CfnProject.ProjectSourceVersionProperty[];
   private readonly _secondaryArtifacts: CfnProject.ArtifactsProperty[];
+  private readonly _environment?: CfnProject.EnvironmentProperty;
   private _encryptionKey?: kms.IKey;
   private readonly _fileSystemLocations: CfnProject.ProjectFileSystemLocationProperty[];
   private _batchServiceRole?: iam.Role;
@@ -1107,6 +1123,8 @@ export class Project extends ProjectBase {
       this.addFileSystemLocation(fileSystemLocation);
     }
 
+    this._environment = this.renderEnvironment(props, environmentVariables);
+
     const resource = new CfnProject(this, 'Resource', {
       description: props.description,
       source: {
@@ -1115,7 +1133,7 @@ export class Project extends ProjectBase {
       },
       artifacts: artifactsConfig.artifactsProperty,
       serviceRole: this.role.roleArn,
-      environment: this.renderEnvironment(props, environmentVariables),
+      environment: this._environment,
       fileSystemLocations: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.renderFileSystemLocations() }),
       // lazy, because we have a setter for it in setEncryptionKey
       // The 'alias/aws/s3' default is necessary because leaving the `encryptionKey` field
@@ -1204,7 +1222,15 @@ export class Project extends ProjectBase {
     this.node.addValidation({ validate: () => this.validateProject() });
   }
 
+  public get isBatchBuildEnabled(): boolean {
+    return !!this._batchServiceRole;
+  }
+
   public enableBatchBuilds(): BatchBuildConfig | undefined {
+    if (this._environment?.fleet) {
+      throw new Error('Build batch is not supported for project using reserved capacity');
+    }
+
     if (!this._batchServiceRole) {
       this._batchServiceRole = new iam.Role(this, 'BatchServiceRole', {
         assumedBy: new iam.ServicePrincipal('codebuild.amazonaws.com'),
@@ -1426,6 +1452,13 @@ export class Project extends ProjectBase {
       return undefined;
     }
 
+    // !! Failsafe !! This should not occur with the current methods, given:
+    // * The fleet can only be set with the constructor
+    // * The batch builds can only be enabled with the `enableBatchBuilds` method
+    if (this.isBatchBuildEnabled) {
+      throw new Error('Build batch is not supported for project using reserved capacity');
+    }
+
     // If the fleetArn is resolved, the fleet is imported and we cannot validate the environment type
     if (Token.isUnresolved(fleet.fleetArn) && this.buildImage.type !== fleet.environmentType) {
       throw new Error(`The environment type of the fleet (${fleet.environmentType}) must match the environment type of the build image (${this.buildImage.type})`);
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/test/codebuild.test.ts b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/test/codebuild.test.ts
index 3eb3ac3fe6894..c60c86fcc2c2f 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/test/codebuild.test.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-codebuild/test/codebuild.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { Match, Template } from '../../assertions';
 import * as codecommit from '../../aws-codecommit';
+import * as codepipeline from '../../aws-codepipeline';
+import * as cpactions from '../../aws-codepipeline-actions';
 import * as ec2 from '../../aws-ec2';
 import * as kms from '../../aws-kms';
 import * as s3 from '../../aws-s3';
@@ -1595,6 +1597,65 @@ test('environment variables can be overridden at the project level', () => {
   });
 });
 
+test('throws when batch builds are enabled for a reserved capacity project', () => {
+  // GIVEN
+  const stack = new cdk.Stack();
+  const fleet = codebuild.Fleet.fromFleetArn(stack, 'Fleet', 'arn:aws:codebuild:us-east-1:123456789012:fleet/MyFleet:uuid');
+  const bucket = new s3.Bucket(stack, 'MyBucket');
+
+  // WHEN
+  const project = new codebuild.Project(stack, 'MyProject', {
+    source: codebuild.Source.s3({
+      bucket,
+      path: 'path/to/source.zip',
+    }),
+    environment: {
+      fleet,
+      buildImage: codebuild.LinuxBuildImage.STANDARD_7_0,
+    },
+  });
+
+  // THEN
+  expect(() => {
+    project.enableBatchBuilds();
+  }).toThrow(/Build batch is not supported for project using reserved capacity/);
+});
+
+test('throws when pipeline are enabled for a reserved capacity project', () => {
+  // GIVEN
+  const stack = new cdk.Stack();
+  const fleet = codebuild.Fleet.fromFleetArn(stack, 'Fleet', 'arn:aws:codebuild:us-east-1:123456789012:fleet/MyFleet:uuid');
+  const sourceOutput = new codepipeline.Artifact();
+  const pipeline = new codepipeline.Pipeline(stack, 'Pipeline', {
+    artifactBucket: new s3.Bucket(stack, 'Bucket', {
+      versioned: true,
+      removalPolicy: cdk.RemovalPolicy.DESTROY,
+    }),
+  });
+
+  // WHEN
+  const project = new codebuild.PipelineProject(stack, 'MyProject', {
+    environment: {
+      fleet,
+      buildImage: codebuild.LinuxBuildImage.STANDARD_7_0,
+    },
+  });
+
+  // THEN
+  expect(() => {
+    pipeline.addStage({
+      stageName: 'Build',
+      actions: [new cpactions.CodeBuildAction({
+        actionName: 'Build',
+        project,
+        executeBatchBuild: true,
+        input: sourceOutput,
+        role: pipeline.role,
+      })],
+    });
+  }).toThrow(/Build batch is not supported for project using reserved capacity/);
+});
+
 test('.metricXxx() methods can be used to obtain Metrics for CodeBuild projects', () => {
   const stack = new cdk.Stack();
 
@@ -2043,11 +2104,13 @@ test('enableBatchBuilds()', () => {
       repo: 'testrepo',
     }),
   });
+  expect(project.isBatchBuildEnabled).toBeFalsy();
 
   const returnVal = project.enableBatchBuilds();
   if (!returnVal?.role) {
     throw new Error('Expecting return value with role');
   }
+  expect(project.isBatchBuildEnabled).toBeTruthy();
 
   Template.fromStack(stack).hasResourceProperties('AWS::CodeBuild::Project', {
     BuildBatchConfig: {