lodash.core.js

/**
 * @license
 * lodash 3.10.1 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash core exports="global,amd" -o ./lodash.core.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2015 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.3 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
  var undefined;

  /** Used as the semantic version number. */
  var VERSION = '3.10.1';

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
  var BIND_FLAG = 1,
      PARTIAL_FLAG = 32;

  /** Used to compose bitmasks for comparison styles. */
  var UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG = 1,
      PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG = 2;

  /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
  var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';

  /**
   * Used as the [maximum length](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.max_safe_integer)
   * of an array-like value.
   */
  var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;

  /** Used as references for `-Infinity` and `Infinity`. */
  var NEGATIVE_INFINITY = 1 / -0,
      POSITIVE_INFINITY = 1 / 0;

  /** `Object#toString` result references. */
  var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayTag = '[object Array]',
      boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
      dateTag = '[object Date]',
      errorTag = '[object Error]',
      funcTag = '[object Function]',
      numberTag = '[object Number]',
      objectTag = '[object Object]',
      regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
      stringTag = '[object String]';

  /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
  var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g,
      reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);

  /** Used to detect unsigned integer values. */
  var reIsUint = /^\d+$/;

  /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
  var htmlEscapes = {
    '&': '&amp;',
    '<': '&lt;',
    '>': '&gt;',
    '"': '&quot;',
    "'": '&#39;',
    '`': '&#96;'
  };

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
  var objectTypes = {
    'function': true,
    'object': true
  };

  /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
  var freeExports = (objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType) ? exports : null;

  /** Detect free variable `module`. */
  var freeModule = (objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType) ? module : null;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
  var freeGlobal = checkGlobal(freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global);

  /** Detect free variable `self`. */
  var freeSelf = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof self] && self);

  /** Detect free variable `window`. */
  var freeWindow = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof window] && window);

  /** Detect `this` as the global object. */
  var thisGlobal = checkGlobal(objectTypes[typeof this] && this);

  /**
   * Used as a reference to the global object.
   *
   * The `this` value is used if it's the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
   * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
   */
  var root = freeGlobal || ((freeWindow !== (thisGlobal && thisGlobal.window)) && freeWindow) || freeSelf || thisGlobal || Function('return this')();

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a new array joining `array` with `other`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to join.
   * @param {Array} other The other array to join.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
   */
  function arrayConcat(array, other) {
    return arrayPush(copyArray(array), values);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseExtremum` for arrays which invokes `iteratee`
   * with one argument: (value).
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} comparator The function used to compare values.
   * @param {*} exValue The initial extremum value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
   */
  function arrayExtremum(array, iteratee, comparator, exValue) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        computed = exValue,
        result = computed;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index],
          current = +iteratee(value);

      if (comparator(current, computed) || (current === exValue && current === result)) {
        computed = current;
        result = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Appends the elements of `values` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
   * @param {Array} values The values to append.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  function arrayPush(array, values) {
    var index = -1,
        length = values.length,
        offset = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      array[offset + index] = values[index];
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * Assigns `value` to `key` of `object` if the existing value is not equivalent
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to modify.
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to assign.
   * @param {*} value The value to assign.
   */
  function assignValue(object, key, value) {
    var oldValue = object[key];
    if ((value === value ? (value !== oldValue) : (oldValue === oldValue)) ||
        (value === undefined && !(key in object))) {
      object[key] = value;
    }
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of methods like `_.find` and `_.findKey` without
   * support for callback shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using
   * the provided `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element instead of the element itself.
   * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
   */
  function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
    var result;
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
        result = retKey ? key : value;
        return false;
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without support
   * for callback shorthands, which iterates over `collection` using the provided
   * `eachFunc`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
   * @param {boolean} initFromCollection Specify using the first or last element of `collection` as the initial value.
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   */
  function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection, eachFunc) {
    eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      accumulator = initFromCollection
        ? (initFromCollection = false, value)
        : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.times` without support for callback shorthands
   * or max array length checks.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
   */
  function baseTimes(n, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
         result = Array(n);

    while (++index < n) {
      result[index] = iteratee(index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a string if it's not one. An empty string is returned
   * for `null` or `undefined` values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to process.
   * @returns {string} Returns the string.
   */
  function baseToString(value) {
    return value == null ? '' : (value + '');
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
   * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
   * of `props`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
   */
  function baseValues(object, props) {
    return baseMap(props, function(key) {
      return object[key];
    });
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a global object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns `value` if it's a global object, else `null`.
   */
  function checkGlobal(value) {
    return (value && value.Object === Object) ? value : null;
  }

  /**
   * Compares values to sort them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
   */
  function compareAscending(value, other) {
    if (value !== other) {
      var valIsNull = value === null,
          valIsUndef = value === undefined,
          valIsReflexive = value === value;

      var othIsNull = other === null,
          othIsUndef = other === undefined,
          othIsReflexive = other === other;

      if ((value > other && !othIsNull) || !valIsReflexive ||
          (valIsNull && !othIsUndef && othIsReflexive) ||
          (valIsUndef && othIsReflexive)) {
        return 1;
      }
      if ((value < other && !valIsNull) || !othIsReflexive ||
          (othIsNull && !valIsUndef && valIsReflexive) ||
          (othIsUndef && valIsReflexive)) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Copies properties of `source` to `object`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copyObject(source, props, object) {
    return copyObjectWith(source, props, object);
  }

  /**
   * This function is like `copyObject` except that it accepts a function to
   * customize copied values.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
   * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize copied values.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function copyObjectWith(source, props, object, customizer) {
    object || (object = {});

    var index = -1,
        length = props.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = props[index],
          newValue = customizer ? customizer(object[key], source[key], key, object, source) : source[key];

      assignValue(object, key, newValue);
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeHtmlChar(chr) {
    return htmlEscapes[chr];
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assign` use.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} objValue The destination object property value.
   * @param {*} srcValue The source object property value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
   */
  function extendDefaults(objValue, srcValue) {
    return objValue === undefined ? srcValue : objValue;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a host object in IE < 9.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a host object, else `false`.
   */
  function isHostObject(value) {
    // Many host objects are `Object` objects that can coerce to strings
    // despite having improperly defined `toString` methods.
    var result = false;
    if (value != null && typeof value.toString != 'function') {
      try {
        result = !!(value + '');
      } catch (e) {}
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
   */
  function isIndex(value, length) {
    value = (typeof value == 'number' || reIsUint.test(value)) ? +value : -1;
    length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
    return value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is based on [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tolength).
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
   */
  function isLength(value) {
    return typeof value == 'number' && value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `iterator` to an array.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} iterator The iterator to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   */
  function iteratorToArray(iterator) {
    var data,
        result = [];

    while (!(data = iterator.next()).done) {
      result.push(data.value);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /** Used for native method references. */
  var arrayProto = Array.prototype,
      objectProto = Object.prototype,
      stringProto = String.prototype;

  /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
  var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;

  /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /**
   * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
   * of values.
   */
  var objToString = objectProto.toString;

  /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
  var oldDash = root._;

  /** Native value references. */
  var Reflect = root.Reflect,
      enumerate = Reflect ? Reflect.enumerate : undefined,
      propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable;

  /* Native method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
  var nativeFloor = Math.floor,
      nativeIsFinite = root.isFinite,
      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
      nativeMax = Math.max;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit method
   * chaining. Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and
   * functions can be chained together. Methods that retrieve a single value or
   * may return a primitive value will automatically end the chain sequence and
   * return the unwrapped value. Otherwise, the value must be unwrapped with
   * `_#value`.
   *
   * Explicit chaining, which requires unwrapping with `_#value` in all cases,
   * may be enabled using `_.chain`.
   *
   * The execution of chained methods is lazy, that is, execution is deferred
   * until `_#value` is implicitly or explicitly called.
   *
   * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut
   * fusion is an optimization strategy which merge iteratee calls; this can help
   * to avoid the creation of intermediate data structures and greatly reduce the
   * number of iteratee executions.
   *
   * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
   * directly or indirectly included in the build.
   *
   * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
   *
   * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
   * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`,
   * `splice`, and `unshift`
   *
   * The wrapper `String` methods are:
   * `replace` and `split`
   *
   * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
   * `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `filter`,
   * `find`, `findLast`, `first`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `reject`, `rest`,
   * `reverse`, `slice`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`,
   * and `toArray`
   *
   * The chainable wrapper methods are:
   * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `assignWith`, `at`, `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`,
   * `bindKey`, `chain`, `chunk`, `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `constant`,
   * `countBy`, `create`, `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`,
   * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`,
   * `dropWhile`, `extend`, `extendWith`, `fill`, `filter`, `flatten`,
   * `flattenDeep`, `flip`, `flow`, `flowRight`, `forEach`, `forEachRight`,
   * `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `functions`, `groupBy`,
   * `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`, `invoke`, `iteratee`, `keyBy`, `keys`,
   * `keysIn`, `map`, `mapKeys`, `mapValues`, `matches`, `matchesProperty`,
   * `memoize`, `merge`, `mergeWith` `method`, `methodOf`, `mixin`, `modArgs`,
   * `modArgsSet', 'negate`, `omit`, `omitBy`, `once`, `pairs`, `partial`,
   * `partialRight`, `partition`, `pick`, `pickBy`, `plant`, `property`,
   * `propertyOf`, `pull`, `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rearg`, `reject`,
   * `remove`, `rest`, `restParam`, `reverse`, `set`, `setWith`, `shuffle`,
   * `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `sortByOrder`, `splice`, `spread`, `take`,
   * `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `tap`, `throttle`, `thru`,
   * `times`, `toArray`, `toPath`, `toPlainObject`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`,
   * `uniqBy`, `unset`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `unzipWith`, `values`, `valuesIn`,
   * `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `zip`, `zipObject`, and `zipWith`
   *
   * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
   * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `ceil`, `clone`, `cloneDeep`,
   * `cloneDeepWith`, `cloneWith`, `deburr`, `endsWith`, `eq`, `escape`,
   * `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`, `findKey`, `findLast`,
   * `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `first`, `floor`, `get`, `gt`, `gte`,
   * `has`, `hasIn`, `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`, `inRange`, `isArguments`,
   * `isArray`, `isArrayLike`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`, `isEmpty`,
   * `isEqual`, `isEqualWith`, `isError`, `isFinite` `isFunction`, `isMatch`,
   * `isMatchWith`, `isNaN`, `isNative`, `isNil`, `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`,
   * `isObjectLike`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`,
   * `isTypedArray`, `join`, `kebabCase`, `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `lt`, `lte`,
   * `max`, `min`, `noConflict`, `noop`, `now`, `pad`, `padLeft`, `padRight`,
   * `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`,
   * `round`, `runInContext`, `shift`, `size`, `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`,
   * `sortedIndexBy`, `sortedLastIndex`, `sortedLastIndexBy`, `startCase`,
   * `startsWith`, `sum`, `sumBy`, `template`, `toInteger', 'trim`, `trimLeft`,
   * `trimRight`, `trunc`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, `value`, and `words`
   *
   * The wrapper method `sample` will return a wrapped value when `n` is provided,
   * otherwise an unwrapped value is returned.
   *
   * @name _
   * @constructor
   * @category Chain
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
   *
   * // returns an unwrapped value
   * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, n) {
   *   return sum + n;
   * });
   * // => 6
   *
   * // returns a wrapped value
   * var squares = wrapped.map(function(n) {
   *   return n * n;
   * });
   *
   * _.isArray(squares);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray(squares.value());
   * // => true
   */
  function lodash(value) {
    if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value)) {
      if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
        return value;
      }
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
        return wrapperClone(value);
      }
    }
    return new LodashWrapper(value);
  }

  /**
   * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
   * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable chaining for all wrapper methods.
   */
  function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
    this.__wrapped__ = value;
    this.__actions__ = [];
    this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
   * properties to the created object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   */
  var baseCreate = (function() {
    function object() {}
    return function(prototype) {
      if (isObject(prototype)) {
        object.prototype = prototype;
        var result = new object;
        object.prototype = undefined;
      }
      return result || {};
    };
  }());

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts an array
   * of `func` arguments.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
   * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
   * @param {Object} args The arguments provide to `func`.
   * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
   */
  function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
   */
  var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check, else `false`
   */
  function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
    var result = true;
    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
      return result;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   */
  function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
    var result = [];
    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with support for restricting flattening.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
   * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
   * @param {boolean} [isStrict] Restrict flattening to arrays-like objects.
   * @param {Array} [result=[]] The initial result value.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
   */
  function baseFlatten(array, isDeep, isStrict, result) {
    result || (result = []);

    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (isObject(value) && isArrayLike(value) &&
          (isStrict || isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
        if (isDeep) {
          // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
          baseFlatten(value, isDeep, isStrict, result);
        } else {
          arrayPush(result, value);
        }
      } else if (!isStrict) {
        result[result.length] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `baseForIn` and `baseForOwn` which iterates
   * over `object` properties returned by `keysFunc` invoking `iteratee` for
   * each property. Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
   * returning `false`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  var baseFor = createBaseFor();

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   */
  function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
    return object && baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
   * `object` function property names filtered from those provided.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered property names.
   */
  function baseFunctions(object, props) {
    return baseFilter(props, function(key) {
      return isFunction(object[key]);
    });
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` which supports partial comparisons
   * and tracks traversed objects.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {boolean} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags.
   *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
   *     1 - Unordered comparison
   *     2 - Partial comparison
   * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
   * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB) {
    if (value === other) {
      return true;
    }
    if (value == null || other == null || (!isObject(value) && !isObjectLike(other))) {
      return value !== value && other !== other;
    }
    return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB);
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
   * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
   * references to be compared.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
   * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
   * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB) {
    var objIsArr = isArray(object),
        othIsArr = isArray(other),
        objTag = arrayTag,
        othTag = arrayTag;

    if (!objIsArr) {
      objTag = objToString.call(object);
      if (objTag == argsTag) {
        objTag = objectTag;
      }
    }
    if (!othIsArr) {
      othTag = objToString.call(other);
      if (othTag == argsTag) {
        othTag = objectTag;
      }
    }
    var objIsObj = objTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(object),
        othIsObj = othTag == objectTag && !isHostObject(other),
        isSameTag = objTag == othTag;

    if (isSameTag && !(objIsArr || objIsObj)) {
      return equalByTag(object, other, objTag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask);
    }
    var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG;
    if (!isPartial) {
      var objIsWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
          othIsWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');

      if (objIsWrapped || othIsWrapped) {
        return equalFunc(objIsWrapped ? object.value() : object, othIsWrapped ? other.value() : other, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB);
      }
    }
    if (!isSameTag) {
      return false;
    }
    // Assume cyclic values are equal.
    // For more information on detecting circular references see https://es5.github.io/#JO.
    stackA || (stackA = []);
    stackB || (stackB = []);

    var length = stackA.length;
    while (length--) {
      if (stackA[length] == object) {
        return stackB[length] == other;
      }
    }
    // Add `object` and `other` to the stack of traversed objects.
    stackA.push(object);
    stackB.push(other);

    var result = (objIsArr ? equalArrays : equalObjects)(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB);

    stackA.pop();
    stackB.pop();

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.iteratee`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} [value=_.identity] The value to convert to an iteratee.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the iteratee.
   */
  function baseIteratee(func) {
    var type = typeof func;
    if (type == 'function') {
      return func;
    }
    return func == null
      ? identity
      : (type == 'object' ? baseMatches : baseProperty)(func);
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.keys` which doesn't skip the constructor
   * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
   *
   * @private
   * @type Function
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   */
  function baseKeys(object) {
    return nativeKeys(Object(object));
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.keysIn` which doesn't skip the constructor
   * property of prototypes or treat sparse arrays as dense.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   */
  function baseKeysIn(object) {
    object = object == null ? object : Object(object);

    var result = [];
    for (var key in object) {
      result.push(key);
    }
    return result;
  }

  // An alternative implementation intended for IE < 9 with es6-shim.
  if (enumerate && !propertyIsEnumerable.call({ 'valueOf': 1 }, 'valueOf')) {
    baseKeysIn = function(object) {
      return iteratorToArray(enumerate(object));
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   */
  function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
    var index = -1,
        result = isArrayLike(collection) ? Array(collection.length) : [];

    baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      result[++index] = iteratee(value, key, collection);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.matches` which doesn't clone `source`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   */
  function baseMatches(source) {
    var props = keys(source),
        length = props.length;

    return function(object) {
      if (object == null) {
        return !length;
      }
      object = Object(object);
      while (length--) {
        var key = props[length];
        if (!(key in object && baseIsEqual(source[key], object[key], undefined, true))) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.pick` without support for individual
   * property names.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {string[]} props The property names to pick.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   */
  function basePick(object, props) {
    object = Object(object);
    return baseReduce(props, function(result, key) {
      if (key in object) {
        result[key] = object[key];
      }
      return result;
    }, {});
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.property` without support for deep paths.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   */
  function baseProperty(key) {
    return function(object) {
      return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
    };
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
   * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
   */
  function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length;

    start = start == null ? 0 : toInteger(start);
    if (start < 0) {
      start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
    }
    end = (end === undefined || end > length) ? length : toInteger(end);
    if (end < 0) {
      end += length;
    }
    length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
    start >>>= 0;

    var result = Array(length);
    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[index + start];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  var copyArray = baseSlice;

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for callback shorthands.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check, else `false`.
   */
  function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
    var result;

    baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      result = predicate(value, index, collection);
      return !result;
    });
    return !!result;
  }

  /**
   * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
   * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
   * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
   * @param {Array} actions Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
   */
  function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
    var result = value;
    return baseReduce(actions, function(result, action) {
      return action.func.apply(action.thisArg, arrayPush([result], action.args));
    }, result);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function like `_.assign`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
   */
  function createAssigner(assigner) {
    return restParam(function(object, sources) {
      var index = -1,
          length = object == null ? 0 : sources.length,
          customizer = length > 1 ? sources[length - 1] : undefined;

      customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' ? (length--, customizer) : undefined;
      object = Object(object);
      while (++index < length) {
        var source = sources[index];
        if (source) {
          assigner(object, source, customizer);
        }
      }
      return object;
    });
  }

  /**
   * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
   */
  function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
    return function(collection, iteratee) {
      if (collection == null) {
        return collection;
      }
      if (!isArrayLike(collection)) {
        return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
      }
      var length = collection.length,
          index = fromRight ? length : -1,
          iterable = Object(collection);

      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
        if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return collection;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a base function for methods like `_.forIn`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
   */
  function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
    return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
      var iterable = Object(object),
          props = keysFunc(object),
          length = props.length,
          index = fromRight ? length : -1;

      while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
        var key = props[index];
        if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
   * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
   */
  function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
    return function() {
      // Use a `switch` statement to work with class constructors.
      // See http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ecmascript-function-objects-call-thisargument-argumentslist
      // for more details.
      var args = arguments;
      var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
          result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, args);

      // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
      // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
      return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the optional `this`
   * binding of `thisArg` and the `partials` prepended to those provided to
   * the wrapper.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
   * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of wrapper flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   */
  function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
        Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

    function wrapper() {
      // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
      // converting it to an array before providing it `func`.
      var argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = arguments.length,
          leftIndex = -1,
          leftLength = partials.length,
          args = Array(leftLength + argsLength);

      while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
        args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
      }
      var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
      return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
    }
    return wrapper;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
   * partial deep comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
   * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
   * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
   * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB) {
    var index = -1,
        isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
        isUnordered = bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG,
        arrLength = array.length,
        othLength = other.length;

    if (arrLength != othLength && !(isPartial && othLength > arrLength)) {
      return false;
    }
    // Ignore non-index properties.
    while (++index < arrLength) {
      var arrValue = array[index],
          othValue = other[index];

      if (result !== undefined) {
        if (result) {
          continue;
        }
        return false;
      }
      // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
      if (isUnordered) {
        if (!baseSome(other, function(othValue) {
              return arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB);
            })) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if (!(arrValue === othValue || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB))) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
   * the same `toStringTag`.
   *
   * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
   * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalByTag(object, other, tag, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask) {
    switch (tag) {
      case boolTag:
      case dateTag:
        // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
        // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal.
        return +object == +other;

      case errorTag:
        return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;

      case numberTag:
        // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
        return (object != +object)
          ? other != +other
          : object == +other;

      case regexpTag:
      case stringTag:
        // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings primitives and string
        // objects as equal. See https://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4 for more details.
        return object == (other + '');
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
   * partial deep comparisons.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
   * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
   * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparisons.
   * @param {number} [bitmask] The bitmask of comparison flags. See `baseIsEqual` for more details.
   * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
   * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
   */
  function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB) {
    var isPartial = bitmask & PARTIAL_COMPARE_FLAG,
        isUnordered = bitmask & UNORDERED_COMPARE_FLAG,
        objProps = keys(object),
        objLength = objProps.length,
        othProps = keys(other),
        othLength = othProps.length;

    if (objLength != othLength && !isPartial) {
      return false;
    }
    var index = objLength;
    while (index--) {
      var key = objProps[index];
      if (!(isPartial ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key)) ||
          !(isUnordered || key == othProps[index])) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    var skipCtor = isPartial;
    while (++index < objLength) {
      key = objProps[index];
      var objValue = object[key],
          othValue = other[key];

      // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
      if (!(result === undefined
            ? (objValue === othValue || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, bitmask, stackA, stackB))
            : result
          )) {
        return false;
      }
      skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
    }
    if (!skipCtor) {
      var objCtor = object.constructor,
          othCtor = other.constructor;

      // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
      if (objCtor != othCtor &&
          ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
          !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
            typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the "length" property value of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is used to avoid a [JIT bug](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=142792)
   * that affects Safari on at least iOS 8.1-8.3 ARM64.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the "length" value.
   */
  var getLength = baseProperty('length');

  /**
   * Initializes an array of property names based on `object`. If `object` is
   * an array, `arguments` object, or `string` its index keys are returned,
   * otherwise an empty array is returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized array of property names.
   */
  function initKeys(object) {
    var length = object ? object.length : 0;
    length = (length && isLength(length) &&
      (isArray(object) || isArguments(object) || isString(object)) && length) || 0;

    return baseTimes(length, String);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is likely a prototype object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a prototype, else `false`.
   */
  function isPrototype(value) {
    var Ctor = value && value.constructor,
        proto = (typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype) || objectProto;

    return value === proto;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to a function if it's not one.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to process.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the function.
   */
  function toFunction(value) {
    return typeof value == 'function' ? value : identity;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
   */
  function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
    var result = new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__);
    result.__actions__ = copyArray(wrapper.__actions__);
    return result;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
   * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function compact(array) {
    return baseFilter(array, Boolean);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the first element of `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => 1
   *
   * _.first([]);
   * // => undefined
   */
  function first(array) {
    return array ? array[0] : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Flattens `array` a single level.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
   */
  function flatten(array) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? baseFlatten(array) : [];
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.flatten` except that it recursively flattens `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to recursively flatten.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
   */
  function flattenDeep(array) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? baseFlatten(array, true) : [];
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
   * using [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
   * for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as the offset
   * from the end of `array`. If `array` is sorted providing `true` for `fromIndex`
   * performs a faster binary search.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
   * // => 1
   *
   * // using `fromIndex`
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
   * // => 3
   */
  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
      fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : fromIndex;
    } else {
      fromIndex = 0;
    }
    var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
        isReflexive = value === value;

    while (++index < length) {
      var other = array[index];
      if ((isReflexive ? other === value : other !== other)) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the last element of `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => 3
   */
  function last(array) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is used instead of `Array#slice` to ensure dense
   * arrays are returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Array
   * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
   * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
   */
  function slice(array, start, end) {
    var length = array ? array.length : 0;
    return length ? baseSlice(array, start, end) : [];
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps `value` with explicit method chaining enabled.
   * The result of such method chaining must be unwrapped with `_#value`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
   *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
   * ];
   *
   * var youngest = _
   *   .chain(users)
   *   .sortBy('age')
   *   .map(function(o) {
   *     return o.user + ' is ' + o.age;
   *   })
   *   .first()
   *   .value();
   * // => 'pebbles is 1'
   */
  function chain(value) {
    var result = lodash(value);
    result.__chain__ = true;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor is
   * invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of this method is to "tap into"
   * a method chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within
   * the chain.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
   * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3])
   *  .tap(function(array) {
   *    array.pop();
   *  })
   *  .reverse()
   *  .value();
   * // => [2, 1]
   */
  function tap(value, interceptor) {
    interceptor(value);
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
   * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
   * @example
   *
   * _('  abc  ')
   *  .chain()
   *  .trim()
   *  .thru(function(value) {
   *    return [value];
   *  })
   *  .value();
   * // => ['abc']
   */
  function thru(value, interceptor) {
    return interceptor(value);
  }

  /**
   * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
   *
   * @name chain
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
   * ];
   *
   * // without explicit chaining
   * _(users).first();
   * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
   *
   * // with explicit chaining
   * _(users)
   *   .chain()
   *   .first()
   *   .pick('user')
   *   .value();
   * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
   */
  function wrapperChain() {
    return chain(this);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new array joining a wrapped array with any additional arrays
   * and/or values.
   *
   * @name concat
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @param {...*} [values] The values to concatenate.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new concatenated array.
   * @example
   *
   * var array = [1];
   * var wrapped = _(array).concat(2, [3], [[4]]);
   *
   * console.log(wrapped.value());
   * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
   *
   * console.log(array);
   * // => [1]
   */
  var wrapperConcat = restParam(function(values) {
    values = baseFlatten(values);
    return this.thru(function(array) {
      return arrayConcat(isArray(array) ? array : [Object(array)], values);
    });
  });

  /**
   * Produces the result of coercing the unwrapped value to a string.
   *
   * @name toString
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chain
   * @returns {string} Returns the coerced string value.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
   * // => '1,2,3'
   */
  function wrapperToString() {
    return (this.value() + '');
  }

  /**
   * Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.
   *
   * @name value
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias run, toJSON, valueOf
   * @category Chain
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function wrapperValue() {
    return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
   * The predicate is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
   * // => false
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
   * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
   * // => false
   *
   * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
   * _.every(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => true
   *
   * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
   * _.every(users, 'active');
   * // => false
   */
  function every(collection, predicate, guard) {
    predicate = guard ? undefined : predicate;
    return baseEvery(collection, baseIteratee(predicate));
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
   * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
   * (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
   * @example
   *
   * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, 'user');
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * resolve( _.filter(users, function(o) { return !o.active; }) );
   * // => ['fred']
   *
   * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }) );
   * // => ['barney']
   *
   * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.filter(users, ['active', false]) );
   * // => ['fred']
   *
   * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.filter(users, 'active') );
   * // => ['barney']
   */
  function filter(collection, predicate) {
    return baseFilter(collection, baseIteratee(predicate));
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
   * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is invoked with three arguments:
   * (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to search.
   * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
   * @example
   *
   * var resolve = _.partial(_.result, _, 'user');
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
   *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
   * ];
   *
   * resolve( _.find(users, function(o) { return o.age < 40; }) );
   * // => 'barney'
   *
   * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true }) );
   * // => 'pebbles'
   *
   * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.find(users, ['active', false]) );
   * // => 'fred'
   *
   * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
   * resolve( _.find(users, 'active') );
   * // => 'barney'
   */
  function find(collection, predicate) {
    return baseFind(collection, baseIteratee(predicate), baseEach);
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over elements of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each element.
   * The iteratee is invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   * Iteratee functions may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a "length" property
   * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
   * may be used for object iteration.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias each
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(value) {
   *   console.log(value);
   * });
   * // => logs `1` then `2`
   *
   * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(value, key) {
   *   console.log(key);
   * });
   * // => logs 'a' then 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function forEach(collection, iteratee) {
    return baseEach(collection, toFunction(iteratee));
  }

  /**
   * Invokes the method at `path` of each element in `collection`, returning
   * an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional arguments
   * are provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it's
   * invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Array|Function|string} path The path of the method to invoke or
   *  the function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
   * @example
   *
   * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
   * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
   *
   * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
   * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
   */
  var invoke = restParam(function(collection, path, args) {
    var isFunc = typeof path == 'function';
    return baseMap(collection, function(value) {
      var func = isFunc ? path : value[path];
      return func == null ? func : func.apply(value, args);
    });
  });

  /**
   * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` through
   * `iteratee`. The iteratee is invoked with three arguments:
   * (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
   * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
   *
   * The guarded methods are:
   * `ary`, `callback`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `every`,
   * `fill`, `invert`, `parseInt`, `random`, `range`, `sample`, `slice`, `some`,
   * `sortBy`, `take`, `takeRight`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`, `trimRight`,
   * `uniq`, and `words`
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
   * @example
   *
   * function timesThree(n) {
   *   return n * 3;
   * }
   *
   * _.map([1, 2], timesThree);
   * // => [3, 6]
   *
   * _.map({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, timesThree);
   * // => [3, 6] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney' },
   *   { 'user': 'fred' }
   * ];
   *
   * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
   * _.map(users, 'user');
   * // => ['barney', 'fred']
   */
  function map(collection, iteratee) {
    return baseMap(collection, baseIteratee(iteratee));
  }

  /**
   * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
   * each element in `collection` through `iteratee`, where each successive
   * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
   * is not provided the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
   * value. The iteratee is invoked with four arguments:
   * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like
   * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
   *
   * The guarded methods are:
   * `assign`, `defaults`, `defaultsDeep`, `includes`, `merge`, `sortBy`,
   * and `sortByOrder`
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
   * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @example
   *
   * _.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
   *   return sum + n;
   * });
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 }, function(result, value, key) {
   *   (result[value] || (result[value] = [])).push(key);
   *   return result;
   * }, {});
   * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function reduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator) {
    return baseReduce(collection, baseIteratee(iteratee), accumulator, arguments.length < 3, baseEach);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
   * values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the size of `collection`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
   * // => 2
   *
   * _.size('pebbles');
   * // => 7
   */
  function size(collection) {
    if (collection == null) {
      return 0;
    }
    collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : keys(collection);
    return collection.length;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
   * Iteration is stopped once `predicate` returns truthy. The predicate is
   * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for functions like `_.map`.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
   * // => true
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
   * ];
   *
   * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
   * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
   * // => false
   *
   * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
   * _.some(users, ['active', false]);
   * // => true
   *
   * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
   * _.some(users, 'active');
   * // => true
   */
  function some(collection, predicate, guard) {
    predicate = guard ? undefined : predicate;
    return baseSome(collection, baseIteratee(predicate));
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
   * running each element in a collection through each iteratee. This method
   * performs a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of
   * equal elements. The iteratees are invoked with one argument: (value).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collection
   * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {...(Function|Function[]|Object|Object[]|string|string[])} [iteratees=[_.identity]]
   *  The iteratees to sort by, specified individually or in arrays.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
   * @example
   *
   * var resolve = _.partial(_.map, _, _.values);
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 48 },
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 42 },
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 34 }
   * ];
   *
   * resolve( _.sortBy(users, function(o) { return o.user; }) );
   * // => // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
   *
   * resolve( _.sortBy(users, ['user', 'age']) );
   * // => [['barney', 34], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 42], ['fred', 48]]
   *
   * resolve( _.sortBy(users, 'user', function(o) {
   *   return Math.floor(o.age / 10);
   * }) );
   * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 34], ['fred', 48], ['fred', 42]]
   */
  function sortBy(collection, iteratee) {
    var index = 0;
    iteratee = baseIteratee(iteratee);

    return baseMap(baseMap(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      return { 'value': value, 'index': index++, 'criteria': iteratee(value, key, collection) };
    }).sort(function(object, other) {
      return compareAscending(object.criteria, other.criteria) || (object.index - other.index);
    }), baseProperty('value'));
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Gets the timestamp of the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
   * the Unix epoch (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type Function
   * @category Date
   * @returns {number} Returns the timestamp.
   * @example
   *
   * _.defer(function(stamp) {
   *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
   * }, _.now());
   * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked
   */
  var now = Date.now;

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
   * of the created function, while it's called less than `n` times. Subsequent
   * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
   * @example
   *
   * jQuery('#add').on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
   * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
   */
  function before(n, func) {
    var result;
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    n = toInteger(n);
    return function() {
      if (--n > 0) {
        result = func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
      if (n <= 1) {
        func = undefined;
      }
      return result;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
   * and prepends any additional `_.bind` arguments to those provided to the
   * bound function.
   *
   * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
   * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
   *
   * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method doesn't set the "length"
   * property of bound functions.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
   * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   * @example
   *
   * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
   *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
   * };
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
   * bound('!');
   * // => 'hi fred!'
   *
   * // using placeholders
   * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
   * bound('hi');
   * // => 'hi fred!'
   */
  var bind = restParam(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
    return createPartialWrapper(func, BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG, thisArg, partials);
  });

  /**
   * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
   * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it's invoked.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
   * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
   * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
   * @example
   *
   * _.defer(function(text) {
   *   console.log(text);
   * }, 'deferred');
   * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
   */
  var defer = restParam(function(func, args) {
    return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
  });

  /**
   * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
   * provided to `func` when it's invoked.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
   * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
   * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
   * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
   * @example
   *
   * _.delay(function(text) {
   *   console.log(text);
   * }, 1000, 'later');
   * // => logs 'later' after one second
   */
  var delay = restParam(function(func, wait, args) {
    return baseDelay(func, wait, args);
  });

  /**
   * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
   * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
   * created function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   * @example
   *
   * function isEven(n) {
   *   return n % 2 == 0;
   * }
   *
   * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
   * // => [1, 3, 5]
   */
  function negate(predicate) {
    if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    return function() {
      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
   * to the function return the value of the first call. The `func` is invoked
   * with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
   * @example
   *
   * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
   * initialize();
   * initialize();
   * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
   */
  function once(func) {
    return before(2, func);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
   * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as an array.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is based on the [rest parameter](https://developer.mozilla.org/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Function
   * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
   * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   * @example
   *
   * var say = _.restParam(function(what, names) {
   *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
   *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
   * });
   *
   * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
   * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
   */
  function restParam(func, start) {
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
    }
    start = nativeMax(start === undefined ? (func.length - 1) : toInteger(start), 0);
    return function() {
      var args = arguments,
          index = -1,
          length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
          rest = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        rest[index] = args[start + index];
      }
      var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
      index = -1;
      while (++index < start) {
        otherArgs[index] = args[index];
      }
      otherArgs[start] = rest;
      return func.apply(this, otherArgs);
    };
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a shallow clone of `value`.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
   * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
   * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
   * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
   * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
   * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to clone.
   * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney' },
   *   { 'user': 'fred' }
   * ];
   *
   * var shallow = _.clone(users);
   * console.log(shallow[0] === users[0]);
   * // => true
   */
  function clone(value) {
    if (!isObject(value)) {
      return value;
    }
    return isArray(value) ? copyArray(value) : copyObject(value, keys(value));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is greater than `other`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is greater than `other`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.gt(3, 1);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.gt(3, 3);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.gt(1, 3);
   * // => false
   */
  function gt(value, other) {
    return value > other;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is likely an `arguments` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArguments(value) {
    // Safari 8.1 incorrectly makes `arguments.callee` enumerable in strict mode.
    return isObjectLike(value) && isArrayLike(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') &&
      (!propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee') || objToString.call(value) == argsTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type Function
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArray(function() { return arguments; }());
   * // => false
   */
  var isArray = Array.isArray;

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
   * not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
   * equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type Function
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLike(function() { return arguments; }());
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArrayLike(value) {
    return value != null &&
      !(typeof value == 'function' && objToString.call(value) == funcTag) && isLength(getLength(value));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isBoolean(false);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isBoolean(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isBoolean(value) {
    return value === true || value === false || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == boolTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isDate(new Date);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
   * // => false
   */
  function isDate(value) {
    return isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == dateTag;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is empty. A value is considered empty unless it's an
   * `arguments` object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length
   * greater than `0` or an object with own enumerable properties.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isEmpty(null);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty(true);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty(1);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
   * // => false
   */
  function isEmpty(value) {
    return (!isObjectLike(value) || isFunction(value.splice))
      ? !size(value)
      : !keys(value).length;
  }

  /**
   * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
   * equivalent.
   *
   * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
   * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
   * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes
   * are **not** supported.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.isEqual(object, other);
   * // => true
   *
   * object === other;
   * // => false
   */
  function isEqual(value, other) {
    return baseIsEqual(value, other);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
   * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isError(new Error);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isError(Error);
   * // => false
   */
  function isError(value) {
    return isObjectLike(value) && typeof value.message == 'string' && objToString.call(value) == errorTag;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isFinite`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-number.isfinite).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isFinite(10);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isFinite('10');
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isFinite(true);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isFinite(Object(10));
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isFinite(Infinity);
   * // => false
   */
  function isFinite(value) {
    return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isFunction(_);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isFunction(/abc/);
   * // => false
   */
  function isFunction(value) {
    // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
    // in Safari 8 which returns 'object' for typed array constructors, and
    // PhantomJS 1.9 which returns 'function' for `NodeList` instances.
    return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == funcTag;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is the [language type](https://es5.github.io/#x8) of `Object`.
   * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isObject({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject(_.noop);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isObject(value) {
    // Avoid a V8 JIT bug in Chrome 19-20.
    // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291 for more details.
    var type = typeof value;
    return !!value && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
   * and has a `typeof` result of "object".
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isObjectLike({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isObjectLike(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isObjectLike(value) {
    return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
   *
   * **Note:** This method is not the same as [`isNaN`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4)
   * which returns `true` for `undefined` and other non-numeric values.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNaN(NaN);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
   * // => true
   *
   * isNaN(undefined);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNaN(undefined);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNaN(value) {
    // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
    // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some ActiveX objects in IE.
    return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `null`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNull(null);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNull(void 0);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNull(value) {
    return value === null;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `null` or `undefined`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is nullish, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNil(null);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNil(void 0);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNil(NaN);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNil(value) {
    return value == null;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
   *
   * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
   * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNumber(8.4);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNumber(NaN);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNumber('8.4');
   * // => false
   */
  function isNumber(value) {
    return typeof value == 'number' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == numberTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
   * // => false
   */
  function isRegExp(value) {
    return isObject(value) && objToString.call(value) == regexpTag;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isString('abc');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isString(1);
   * // => false
   */
  function isString(value) {
    return typeof value == 'string' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == stringTag);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isUndefined(void 0);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isUndefined(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isUndefined(value) {
    return value === undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is less than `other`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to compare.
   * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is less than `other`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.lt(1, 3);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.lt(3, 3);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.lt(3, 1);
   * // => false
   */
  function lt(value, other) {
    return value < other;
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() {
   *   return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
   * }(1, 2, 3));
   * // => [2, 3]
   */
  function toArray(value) {
    if (!isArrayLike(value)) {
      return values(value);
    }
    return value.length ? copyArray(value) : [];
  }

  /**
   * Converts `value` to an integer.
   *
   * **Note:** This function is based on [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-tointeger).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Lang
   * @param {*} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
   * @example
   *
   *  _.toInteger('3.14');
   *  // => 3
   *
   * _.toInteger(NaN);
   * // => 0
   *
   * _.toInteger(-Infinity);
   * // => -Infinity
   */
  function toInteger(value) {
    return nativeFloor(value) || 0;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
   * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
   * property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.
   *
   * **Note:** This method mutates `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
   * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
   */
  var defaults = restParam(function(args) {
    args.push(undefined, extendDefaults);
    return extendWith.apply(undefined, args);
  });

  /**
   * This method is like `_.assign` except that it iterates over own and
   * inherited source properties.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.extend({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 40 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
   * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
   */
  var extend = createAssigner(function(object, source) {
    copyObject(source, keysIn(source), object);
  });

  /**
   * This method is like `_.assignWith` except that it iterates over own and
   * inherited source properties.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {...Object} sources The source objects.
   * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigned values.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.extendWith, function(value, other) {
   *   return _.isUndefined(value) ? other : value;
   * });
   *
   * defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
   * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
   */
  var extendWith = createAssigner(function(object, source, customizer) {
    copyObjectWith(source, keysIn(source), object, customizer);
  });

  /**
   * Creates an array of function property names from all enumerable properties,
   * own and inherited, of `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * _.functions(_);
   * // => ['after', 'ary', 'assign', ...]
   */
  function functions(object) {
    return object == null ? [] : baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `path` is a direct property of `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path to check.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `path` exists, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': { 'b': { 'c': 3 } } },
   *     other = _.create({ 'a': _.create({ 'b': _.create({ 'c': 3 }) }) });
   *
   * _.has(object, 'a');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.has(object, 'a.b.c');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.has(object, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.has(other, 'a');
   * // => false
   */
  function has(object, path) {
    return object != null && hasOwnProperty.call(object, path);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
   * [ES spec](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.keys)
   * for more details.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.keys(new Foo);
   * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * _.keys('hi');
   * // => ['0', '1']
   */
  function keys(object) {
    var isProto = isPrototype(object);
    if (!(isProto || isArrayLike(object))) {
      return baseKeys(object);
    }
    var result = initKeys(object),
        length = result.length,
        skipIndexes = !!length;

    for (var key in object) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) &&
          !(skipIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) &&
          !(isProto && key == 'constructor')) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.keysIn(new Foo);
   * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function keysIn(object) {
    var index = -1,
        isProto = isPrototype(object),
        props = baseKeysIn(object),
        propsLength = props.length,
        result = initKeys(object),
        length = result.length,
        skipIndexes = !!length;

    while (++index < propsLength) {
      var key = props[index];
      if (!(skipIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) &&
          !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {string|string[]} [props] The property names to pick, specified
   *  individually or in arrays.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
   *
   * _.pick(object, 'user');
   * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
   */
  var pick = restParam(function(object, props) {
    return object == null ? {} : basePick(object, baseFlatten(props));
  });

  /**
   * This method is like `_.get` except that if the resolved value is a function
   * it's invoked with the `this` binding of its parent object and its result
   * is returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @param {Array|string} path The path of the property to resolve.
   * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the resolved value is `undefined`.
   * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'a': [{ 'b': { 'c1': 3, 'c2': _.constant(4) } }] };
   *
   * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c1');
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.result(object, 'a[0].b.c2');
   * // => 4
   *
   * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', 'default');
   * // => 'default'
   *
   * _.result(object, 'a.b.c', _.constant('default'));
   * // => 'default'
   */
  function result(object, path, defaultValue) {
    var value = object == null ? undefined : object[path];
    if (value === undefined) {
      value = defaultValue;
    }
    return isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
   *
   * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Object
   * @param {Object} object The object to query.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * function Foo() {
   *   this.a = 1;
   *   this.b = 2;
   * }
   *
   * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
   *
   * _.values(new Foo);
   * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
   *
   * _.values('hi');
   * // => ['h', 'i']
   */
  function values(object) {
    return object ? baseValues(object, keys(object)) : [];
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`", in `string` to
   * their corresponding HTML entities.
   *
   * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters
   * use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
   *
   * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
   * ">" and "/" don't need escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
   * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value.
   * See [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
   * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
   *
   * Backticks are escaped because in Internet Explorer < 9, they can break out
   * of attribute values or HTML comments. See [#59](https://html5sec.org/#59),
   * [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102), [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and
   * [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of the [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/)
   * for more details.
   *
   * When working with HTML you should always [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping)
   * to reduce XSS vectors.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category String
   * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
   * @example
   *
   * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
   * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
   */
  function escape(string) {
    string = baseToString(string);
    return (string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string))
      ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar)
      : string;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @param {*} value Any value.
   * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.identity(object) === object;
   * // => true
   */
  function identity(value) {
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the arguments of the created
   * function. If `func` is a property name the created callback returns the
   * property value for a given element. If `func` is an object the created
   * callback returns `true` for elements that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
   * @example
   *
   * var users = [
   *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
   *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
   * ];
   *
   * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
   * _.iteratee = _.wrap(_.iteratee, function(callback, func, thisArg) {
   *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(func);
   *   if (!match) {
   *     return callback(func, thisArg);
   *   }
   *   return function(object) {
   *     return match[2] == 'gt'
   *       ? object[match[1]] > match[3]
   *       : object[match[1]] < match[3];
   *   };
   * });
   *
   * _.filter(users, 'age__gt36');
   * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
   */
  var iteratee = baseIteratee;

  /**
   * Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the
   * destination object. If `object` is a function then methods are added to
   * its prototype as well.
   *
   * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function to
   * avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] The destination object.
   * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
   * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added
   *  are chainable.
   * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * function vowels(string) {
   *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
   *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
   *   });
   * }
   *
   * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
   * _.vowels('fred');
   * // => ['e']
   *
   * _('fred').vowels().value();
   * // => ['e']
   *
   * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
   * _('fred').vowels();
   * // => ['e']
   */
  function mixin(object, source, options) {
    var props = keys(source),
        methodNames = baseFunctions(source, props);

    if (options == null &&
        !(isObject(source) && (methodNames.length || !props.length))) {
      options = source;
      source = object;
      object = this;
      methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
    }
    var chain = (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) ? options.chain : true,
        isFunc = isFunction(object);

    baseEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
      var func = source[methodName];
      object[methodName] = func;
      if (isFunc) {
        object.prototype[methodName] = function() {
          var chainAll = this.__chain__;
          if (chain || chainAll) {
            var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
                actions = result.__actions__ = copyArray(this.__actions__);

            actions.push({ 'func': func, 'args': arguments, 'thisArg': object });
            result.__chain__ = chainAll;
            return result;
          }
          return func.apply(object, arrayPush([this.value()], arguments));
        };
      }
    });

    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
   * the `lodash` function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
   * @example
   *
   * var lodash = _.noConflict();
   */
  function noConflict() {
    root._ = oldDash;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * A no-operation function that returns `undefined` regardless of the
   * arguments it receives.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @example
   *
   * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
   *
   * _.noop(object) === undefined;
   * // => true
   */
  function noop() {
    // No operation performed.
  }

  /**
   * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID is appended to it.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utility
   * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
   * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
   * @example
   *
   * _.uniqueId('contact_');
   * // => 'contact_104'
   *
   * _.uniqueId();
   * // => '105'
   */
  function uniqueId(prefix) {
    var id = ++idCounter;
    return baseToString(prefix) + id;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Gets the maximum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
   * `-Infinity` is returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Math
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
   * @example
   *
   * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
   * // => 8
   *
   * _.max([]);
   * // => -Infinity
   */
  function max(array) {
    return (array && array.length)
      ? arrayExtremum(array, identity, gt, NEGATIVE_INFINITY)
      : NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the minimum value of `array`. If `array` is empty or falsey
   * `Infinity` is returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Math
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
   * @example
   *
   * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
   * // => 2
   *
   * _.min([]);
   * // => Infinity
   */
  function min(array) {
    return (array && array.length)
      ? arrayExtremum(array, identity, lt, POSITIVE_INFINITY)
      : POSITIVE_INFINITY;
  }

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(lodash.prototype);
  LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;

  // Add functions that return wrapped values when chaining.
  lodash.before = before;
  lodash.bind = bind;
  lodash.chain = chain;
  lodash.compact = compact;
  lodash.defaults = defaults;
  lodash.defer = defer;
  lodash.delay = delay;
  lodash.extend = extend;
  lodash.filter = filter;
  lodash.flatten = flatten;
  lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
  lodash.functions = functions;
  lodash.invoke = invoke;
  lodash.iteratee = iteratee;
  lodash.keys = keys;
  lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
  lodash.map = map;
  lodash.mixin = mixin;
  lodash.negate = negate;
  lodash.once = once;
  lodash.pick = pick;
  lodash.slice = slice;
  lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
  lodash.tap = tap;
  lodash.thru = thru;
  lodash.toArray = toArray;
  lodash.values = values;

  // Add aliases.
  lodash.each = forEach;

  // Add functions to `lodash.prototype`.
  mixin(lodash, lodash);

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining.
  lodash.clone = clone;
  lodash.escape = escape;
  lodash.every = every;
  lodash.find = find;
  lodash.first = first;
  lodash.forEach = forEach;
  lodash.has = has;
  lodash.identity = identity;
  lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
  lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
  lodash.isArray = isArray;
  lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
  lodash.isDate = isDate;
  lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
  lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
  lodash.isError = isError;
  lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
  lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
  lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
  lodash.isNil = isNil;
  lodash.isNull = isNull;
  lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
  lodash.isObject = isObject;
  lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
  lodash.isString = isString;
  lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
  lodash.last = last;
  lodash.max = max;
  lodash.min = min;
  lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
  lodash.noop = noop;
  lodash.now = now;
  lodash.reduce = reduce;
  lodash.result = result;
  lodash.size = size;
  lodash.some = some;
  lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;

  mixin(lodash, (function() {
    var source = {};
    baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
        source[methodName] = func;
      }
    });
    return source;
  }()), { 'chain': false });

  /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The semantic version number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type string
   */
  lodash.VERSION = VERSION;

  // Add `Array` and `String` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
  baseEach(['join', 'pop', 'push', 'replace', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
    var func = (/^(?:replace|split)$/.test(methodName) ? stringProto : arrayProto)[methodName],
        chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
        retUnwrapped = /^(?:join|pop|replace|shift)$/.test(methodName);

    lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      var args = arguments;
      if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
        return func.apply(this.value(), args);
      }
      return this[chainName](function(value) {
        return func.apply(value, args);
      });
    };
  });

  // Add chaining functions to the `lodash` wrapper.
  lodash.prototype.run = lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Expose lodash on the free variable `window` or `self` when available. This
  // prevents errors in cases where lodash is loaded by a script tag in the presence
  // of an AMD loader. See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch for more details.
  (freeWindow || freeSelf || {})._ = lodash;

  // Some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module.
    define(function() {
      return lodash;
    });
  }
  else {
    // Export for a browser or Rhino.
    root._ = lodash;
  }
}.call(this));