electron

@packages/electron

This is the lib responsible for installing + building Electron. This enables us to develop with the Electron shell that will match how the final compiled Cypress binary looks 1:1.

It does this by using symlinks while in development.

Building

yarn workspace @packages/electron build

Note: this just installs Electron binary for your OS specific platform

Testing

yarn workspace @packages/electron test
yarn workspace @packages/electron test-debug
yarn workspace @packages/electron test-watch

Upgrading Electron

The version of electron that is bundled with Cypress should be kept as up-to-date as possible with the stable Electron releases. Many users expect the bundled Chromium and Node.js to be relatively recent. Also, historically, it has been extremely difficult to upgrade over multiple major versions of Electron at once, because of all the breaking changes in Electron and Node.js that impact Cypress.

Upgrading electron involves more than just bumping this package's package.json. Here are additional tasks to check off when upgrading Electron:

• Write accurate changelog items. The "User-facing changelog" for an Electron upgrade should mention the new Node.js and Chromium versions bundled. If this is a patch version of electron, a changelog entry might not be needed.

  • For example:
    • Upgraded electron from 21.0.0 to 25.8.4.
    • Upgraded bundled Node.js version from 16.16.0 to 18.15.0.
    • Upgraded bundled Chromium version from 106.0.5249.51 to 114.0.5735.289.

• Determine if the Electron upgrade is a breaking change. Electron upgrades constitute "breaking changes" in Cypress if:

  • the major version number of Node.js changes, since users rely on the bundled Node.js to load plugins and .js fixtures, or
  • there are changes to Electron that require new shared libraries to be installed on Linux, breaking existing CI setups, or
  • there is some other change that would break existing usage of Cypress (for example, a Web API feature being removed/added to the bundled Chromium)

• Create and publish Docker base-internal and browsers-internal family images matching the Node.js and Chromium versions in Electron. These images live inside the cypress-docker-images repository. The browsers-internal image will be used inside our CI pipelines. The base-internal image will be used by the browsers-internal image and possibly other system images (described below). The Chromium version can be determined from the DEPS file in Electron's repository on the correct tag. The Node version can be determined from the Electron Releases page. For general use of Cypress in Docker, we encourage the use of the Cypress Docker Factory. This works great for using Cypress as an end user, but doesn't fully suit the needs for developing Cypress, as we require:

  • The installation of packages, such as curl, xauth, and build-essential/make needed for our circleci jobs/pipelines.
  • Specific images targeted to test Cypress on various node versions and distributions of linux, such as different versions of ubuntu.

  These images are currently created on an 'as-needed' basis and are published manually to the cypress docker repository. When creating these images, make sure:

  • The browsers-internal image contains the latest version of Firefox and Edge.
  • The Ubuntu images in base-internal are updated to be used in the system binary tests if any of the following are true for the images used inside the system binary tests:
    • The last two major Ubuntu LTS Releases are out-of-date.
    • The NodeJS version is not the active LTS.

• Update workflows.yml

  • Ensure it references the new base-internal and browsers-internal Docker images
  • Ensure the new Electron version is used as a build target in the Build better-sqlite3 for CentOS 7 step

• Ensure that a matching Node.js version is enforced in the monorepo for local development and CI. When Electron is upgraded, oftentimes, the bundled Node.js version that comes with Electron is updated as well. Because all unit and integration tests run in normal Node.js (not Electron's Node.js), it's important for this Node.js version to be synced with the monorepo. There are a few places where this needs to be done:

  • /.node-version - used by nvm and other Node version managers
  • @types/node used throughout the monorepo to determine compatible node types. The major version of this package must reflect the node version set in /.node-version.
  • github workflows - used for repository templates, vulnerability detection, and V8 snapshots. If the node version for Snyk needs to be updated, then the required pull request check into develop must also be updated. A repository administrator will need to accomplish this.
  • /package.json - update engines
  • docker-compose.yml - update Docker image to the new matching browsers image
  • /system-tests/test-binary/* - update binary system tests to use the newly published Ubuntu and Node images mentioned above, if applicable
  • /.circleci/config.yml
    • Update the Docker images to the new matching browsers image.
    • Update the xcode version to one with the same major Node.js version bundled. There is usually not an exact match, this is ok as long as the major version number as the same.
  • Do a global search for the old Node.js version to identify any new areas that may need updating/unification, and update those locations (and this document!)

• Update cypress-publish-binary For binary publishing, make sure the electron version that we updated in /package.json matches the electron version inside the publish binary project. This is to make sure add-on tests inside the publish-binary repository work locally, but are not required to install the correct version of electron in CI when publishing the binary. Ensure the electron target in this project's .circleci configuration is updated as well. Set the Remove this before merging, and ensure that branch is merged as well.

  • Create a new branch in cypress-publish-binary
  • Update electron version in package.json
  • Update the target electron version in the circle configuration
  • Update the docker image to the new browsers-internal image made in the previous step
  • Temporarily update the circle configuration to allow cypress to run against the branch
  • Temporarily set target cypress-publish-binary branch as a branch property on the request body in ../../scripts/binary/trigger-publish-binary-pipeline.js script, so that you can test against this branch from the electron upgrade branch

• Manually smoke test cypress open. Upgrading Electron can break the desktop-gui in unexpected ways. Since testing in this area is weak, double-check that things like launching cypress open, signing into Cypress Cloud, and launching Electron tests still work.

• Manually smoke test cypress run in record mode Upgrading Electron can cause better-sqlite3 to SIGSEGV the Electron process.

• Fix failing tests. Usually, these are due to breaking changes in either Node.js or Electron. Check the changelogs of both to find relevant changes.

• If needed, update the V8 Snapshot Cache by running the GitHub workflow. Make sure to use the branch that contains the electron updates to populate the 'workflow from' and 'branch to update' arguments. Select 'Generate from scratch' and 'commit directly to branch'. This will usually take 6-8 hours to complete and is best to not be actively developing on the branch when this workflow runs.

Common Upgrade Issues

Integrity Check Failures

Solution: Update the string representation of fs.readFileSync in scripts/binary/binary-integrity-check-source.js to match the string generated by the new version of electron. Create a throw-away script and simply console.log(fs.readFileSync.toString()), and execute it with Electron rather than Node.

ResizeObserver errors in Component Test

Solution: This error is benign. From time to time, the error message we match against in order to swallow the error changes. Update the necessary support files with the new error message.

Electron crashes immediately after initializing the Protocol database

Solution: This is often due to a mismatched prebuild of better-sqlite3. Ensure your repository is clear of untracked files with git clean -xfd, and run yarn again. If the issue persists, ensure you are running the latest version of your operating system. Electron prebuilds key to darwin/linux/windows, and do not differentiate between versions of the same.