diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
index 8997ad086f5a2..296b3edb762e2 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/ObjectShape.ts
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ export type ObjectShape = {
  * the inferred types for [] and {}.
  */
 export type ShapeRegistry = Map<string, ObjectShape>;
+export const BuiltInPropsId = "BuiltInProps";
 export const BuiltInArrayId = "BuiltInArray";
 export const BuiltInFunctionId = "BuiltInFunction";
 export const BuiltInJsxId = "BuiltInJsx";
@@ -207,6 +208,11 @@ export const BuiltInDispatchId = "BuiltInDispatch";
 // ShapeRegistry with default definitions for built-ins.
 export const BUILTIN_SHAPES: ShapeRegistry = new Map();
 
+// If the `ref` prop exists, it has the ref type
+addObject(BUILTIN_SHAPES, BuiltInPropsId, [
+  ["ref", { kind: "Object", shapeId: BuiltInUseRefId }],
+]);
+
 /* Built-in array shape */
 addObject(BUILTIN_SHAPES, BuiltInArrayId, [
   [
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/TypeInference/InferTypes.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/TypeInference/InferTypes.ts
index b26dea5a428b4..b77d7b861c6ea 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/TypeInference/InferTypes.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/TypeInference/InferTypes.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import {
   BuiltInFunctionId,
   BuiltInJsxId,
   BuiltInObjectId,
+  BuiltInPropsId,
   BuiltInUseRefId,
 } from "../HIR/ObjectShape";
 import { eachInstructionLValue, eachInstructionOperand } from "../HIR/visitors";
@@ -101,7 +102,13 @@ function* generate(
   func: HIRFunction
 ): Generator<TypeEquation, void, undefined> {
   if (func.env.fnType === "Component") {
-    const [_, ref] = func.params;
+    const [props, ref] = func.params;
+    if (props && props.kind === "Identifier") {
+      yield equation(props.identifier.type, {
+        kind: "Object",
+        shapeId: BuiltInPropsId,
+      });
+    }
     if (ref && ref.kind === "Identifier") {
       yield equation(ref.identifier.type, {
         kind: "Object",
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.expect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d18692095926e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.expect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+## Input
+
+```javascript
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component({ ref }) {
+  const value = ref.current;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}
+
+```
+
+
+## Error
+
+```
+  2 | function Component({ ref }) {
+  3 |   const value = ref.current;
+> 4 |   return <div>{value}</div>;
+    |                ^^^^^ InvalidReact: Ref values (the `current` property) may not be accessed during render. (https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef). Cannot access ref value at read $17:TObject<BuiltInRefValue> (4:4)
+  5 | }
+  6 |
+```
+          
+      
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2d5cf0ef2d80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-destructure.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component({ ref }) {
+  const value = ref.current;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.expect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e374900a95ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.expect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+## Input
+
+```javascript
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component(props) {
+  const value = props.ref.current;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}
+
+```
+
+
+## Error
+
+```
+  2 | function Component(props) {
+  3 |   const value = props.ref.current;
+> 4 |   return <div>{value}</div>;
+    |                ^^^^^ InvalidReact: Ref values (the `current` property) may not be accessed during render. (https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef). Cannot access ref value at read $15:TObject<BuiltInRefValue> (4:4)
+  5 | }
+  6 |
+```
+          
+      
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c31a081366e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-read-ref-prop-in-render-property-load.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component(props) {
+  const value = props.ref.current;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.expect.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c00aaca4fe3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.expect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+## Input
+
+```javascript
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component(props) {
+  const ref = props.ref;
+  ref.current = true;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}
+
+```
+
+
+## Error
+
+```
+  2 | function Component(props) {
+  3 |   const ref = props.ref;
+> 4 |   ref.current = true;
+    |   ^^^^^^^^^^^ InvalidReact: Ref values (the `current` property) may not be accessed during render. (https://react.dev/reference/react/useRef) (4:4)
+  5 |   return <div>{value}</div>;
+  6 | }
+  7 |
+```
+          
+      
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b939ea540bd13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/error.invalid-write-ref-prop-in-render.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// @validateRefAccessDuringRender @compilationMode(infer)
+function Component(props) {
+  const ref = props.ref;
+  ref.current = true;
+  return <div>{value}</div>;
+}