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Solr cheatsheet

Directory and files

/conf
schema.xml
solrconfig.xml
stopwords.txt

/data
index
spellchecker

solrconfig.xml

Loads plugins, sets access URLs, directories, listeners, warmup queries, etc

schema.xml

Contains the field type definitions (filters, tokenizers, etc)

And field definitions (name, type, indexed, sored, multiValued, etc)

And possibly other instructions, eg: unique key field, fallback field, query adjustments, etc

Setup

Fields

<field name="id" type="[field_type_name]" indexed="[boolean]" stored="[boolean]" multiValued="[boolean]" default="[value]" />

Common options

indexed

Set to true if field should be searchable, sortable, or facetable

If true, goes through 'analysis' phase

Transformation applied (lower case, remove word stems, etc), and tokens added to index

stored

Set to true if field should be retrievable, or for using highlighting

Does not go through analysis phase

multiValued

Boolean

default

required

Will throw an error if the value does not exist

More

Including compressThreshold, omitNorms, termVectors, omitPositions

Copy fields

Instead of sending data twice to different fields, let Solr do it for you

<field name="one" />
<field name="two" />
<field name="three" />

<copyField source="two" dest="three" />

If you set something to 'two', it will be stored in 'two' and 'three'

A common requiremnt is to copy (or mege) all input fields into one solr field;

<copyField source="*" dest="allText"/>

Dynamic fields

Allows you to process many fields in a similar way

Most useful feature is using wildcards

<dynamicField name="*" param="value" />

Another common method is using a few dynamic fields to allow for schema-less indexing;

<dynamicField name="*_i" type="integer" indexed="true" stored="true" />
<dynamicField name="*_s" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>

Field types

<fieldType name="xx" class="solr.BaseClass" defaultAttribute="defaultValue" />

<fieldType name="xx" class="solr.BaseClass">
    <analyzer>
        <tokenizer class="solr.ClassName" />
        <filter class="solr.ClassName" attribute="value" />
    </analyzer>
    <analyzer type="query">
        <!-- ... -->
    </analyzer>
</fieldType>

Common field types

string

boolean

int

float

long

double

date

Format: 1995-12-31T23:59:59Z

text_general

Reasonable, generic cross-language defaults

Tokenizes, removes stop words, down cases

Applies synonyms at query time

text_en

Removes english stop words, down cases, applies stemming

text_en_splitting

Aggressive word-splitting and autophrase features enabled

'wi fi' will match 'WiFi' or 'Wi-Fi'

text_en_splitting_tight

Less flexible matching (use if you get false matches)

Good for SKUs (can insert dashes in wrong place and still match)

binary

location

currency

Importing data

Methods

Database

Using "Data Import Handler" (DIH)

http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler

CSV file

Including those exported by MySQL

http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateCSV

POST JSON documents

http://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateJSON

Multivalued fields

<field name="tags">tag1</field>
<field name="tags">tag2</field>

Partial Updates

aka Atomic Updates Can send commands such as 'set', 'add', and 'inc'

Querying data

Use HTTP GET

q

Query string

To search all documents;

q=*:*

Query strings are based on Lucene syntax

at least one word +musthavethisword +andthistoo -butnotthis "exact phrase" "proximity matching"~5 (fieldname:boostme)^2

fl

Field list

Specify set of fields to return, limiting amount of information in the response

Space or comma separated

Examples:


id, name

id, score

*

*, score

fq

Filter query

Some examples:

fl=name,id

Field List - only name and id fields

fl=name,id,score

Return relevancy score too

fl=*,score

All fields and relevancy score

wt=json

Return response in JSON format

qf=title^2,feature

Fields and weighting to search

Sorting

sort=price desc

Default sort is 'score desc'

Highlighting

Uses em HTML tags to highlight relevant snippets in returned document

This example enables for 'name' and 'features' fields;

hl=true&hl.fl=name,features

Faceted search

Generates counts for various properties

Allows users to 'drill down' / refine their search

Request counts for category field 'cat':

facet=true&facet.field=cat

Add a facet on the boolean 'inStock' field:

facet=true&facet.field=cat&facet.field=inStock

Can also generate counts on the fly!

This example queries for prices below 100 and above 100 using range queries

facet=true&facet.query=price:[* TO 100]&facet.query=price:[100 TO *]

Field Collapsing

Collapses a group of results with same field value down to a single (or fixed number) of entries

Eg: google does this per site, so only a couple of entries per site are shown

Result Grouping

Groups documents with a common field value into groups, and returns top documents per group

Eg: search for DVD's, show top results for TV, Movies, Documentaries, etc

Boosting Results

Can be done a few ways - boost when indexing, or boost when querying

Field based boosting

Store something such as important:true, and boost that match

Function based boosting

Can read value (eg: property, or how recently updated the document is) and apply a boosting value

Query Parsers

The default query parser is DisMax

Also includes Lucene query parser (aka 'standard'), and Extended DisMax (aka 'eDisMax')

DisMax = similar to Google, rarely displays syntax errors to users

eDisMax = improves DisMax, handles full Lucene syntax, and more (@todo - like what?)

Common query params

  • sort
  • start
  • rows
  • fq = filter query

Standard Parser

Enables users to specify very precise queries, however, it's less tolerant of syntax errors

Contains lots of Lucene stuff - fuzzy, proximity, boosting, phrasing, etc

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/The+Standard+Query+Parser

Common params

  • q = query (mandatory)
  • df = default field to query (usually defined in schema.xml file)

DisMax

Similar to Google. Rarely displays syntax error messages.

Implements an extremely simplified subset of Lucene QueryParser syntax (quotes, +, -)

Can also do boolean clauses and boosts in query

Solr administrator can provide additional boosting queries, functions, and filtering (solrconfig.xml)

These can be overridden in query URL

Common params

  • q = query
  • qf = Query Fields. Which fields to perform query on. If absent, defaults to 'df'. Can contain boosting stuff.

eDisMax

Supports full Lucene syntax

Seems it's always best to choose this over DisMax

Query params

Set variables within query param

q={!key1=value key2=value}regular query

Faceting

Params

  • facet = if set to 'true', enables faceting
  • facet.query = lucene query to generate facet count

More here: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/solr/Faceting

Request handlers

Handles requests coming to Solr. Perhaps query requests, or index update requests.

SearchHandler

<requestHandler name="/select" class="solr.SearchHandler">

Contains a bunch of 'lists';

  • defaults = obvious
  • appends = added to user queries