This is my attempt at writing a HTML template system for Rust. Some inspiration comes from the scala template system used in play 2, as well as plain old jsp.
- As many errors as possible should be caught in compile-time.
- A compiled binary should include all the template code it needs, no need to read template files at runtime.
- Compilation may take time, running should be fast.
- Writing templates should be almost as easy as writing html.
- The template language should be as expressive as possible.
- It should be possible to write templates for any text-like format, not only html.
- Any value that implements the
Displaytrait should be outputable. - By default, all values should be html-escaped. There should be an easy but explicit way to output preformatted html.
This is currently more of a proof of concept that anyting ready for actual production use. That said, it actually does work; templates can be transpiled to rust functions, which are then compiled and can be called from rust code. The template syntax is not stable yet, but some examples in the current format can be seen below, and in examples/simple/templates.
A template consists of three basic parts:
First a preamble of use statements, each prepended by an @ sign.
Secondly a declaration of the parameters the template takes.
And third, the template body.
The full syntax is described in the documentation. A template may look something like this:
@use any::rust::Type;
@use templates::statics::style_css;
@(name: &str, items: Vec<Type>)
<html>
<head>
<title>@name</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/@style_css.name" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<body>
<h1>@name</h1>
<dl>
@for item in items {
<dt>@item.title()
<dd>@item.description()
}
</dl>
<body>
</html>
Ructe compiles your templates to rust code that should be compiled with
your other rust code, so it needs to be called before compiling.
Assuming you use cargo, it can be done like
this:
First, specify a build script and ructe as a build dependency in
Cargo.toml:
build = "src/build.rs"
[build-dependencies]
ructe = "^0.2"Then, in the build script, compile all templates found in the templates directory and put the output where cargo tells it to:
extern crate ructe;
use ructe::compile_templates;
use std::env;
use std::path::PathBuf;
fn main() {
let out_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
let in_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap())
.join("templates");
compile_templates(&in_dir, &out_dir).expect("foo");
}And finally, include and use the generated code in your code.
The file templates.rs will contain mod templates { ... },
so I just include it in my main.rs:
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/templates.rs"));When calling a template, the arguments declared in the template will be
prepended by an argument that is the std::io::Write to write the
output to.
It can be a Vec<u8> as a buffer or for testing, or an actual output
destination.
The return value of a template is std::io::Result<()>, which should be
Ok(()) unless writing to the destination fails.
#[test]
fn test_hello() {
let mut buf = Vec::new();
templates::hello(&mut buf, "World").unwrap();
assert_eq!(from_utf8(&buf).unwrap(), "<h1>Hello World!</h1>\n");
}When I use ructe with nickel, I use a rendering function that looks like this:
fn render<'mw, F>(res: Response<'mw>, do_render: F)
->MiddlewareResult<'mw>
where F: FnOnce(&mut Write) -> io::Result<()>
{
let mut stream = res.start()?;
match do_render(&mut stream) {
Ok(()) => Ok(Halt(stream)),
Err(e) => stream.bail(format!("Problem rendering template: {:?}", e))
}
}Which I call like this:
render(res, |o| templates::foo(o, other, arguments))