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addr2line.c
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addr2line.c
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/**********************************************************************
addr2line.c -
$Author$
Copyright (C) 2010 Shinichiro Hamaji
**********************************************************************/
#include "ruby/config.h"
#include "ruby/missing.h"
#include "addr2line.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef USE_ELF
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
#include <elf_abi.h>
#else
#include <elf.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/* Make alloca work the best possible way. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# ifndef atarist
# ifndef alloca
# define alloca __builtin_alloca
# endif
# endif /* atarist */
#else
# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
# include <alloca.h>
# else
# ifdef _AIX
#pragma alloca
# else
# ifndef alloca /* predefined by HP cc +Olibcalls */
void *alloca();
# endif
# endif /* AIX */
# endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
# ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
# define _GNU_SOURCE
# endif
# include <link.h>
#endif
#define DW_LNS_copy 0x01
#define DW_LNS_advance_pc 0x02
#define DW_LNS_advance_line 0x03
#define DW_LNS_set_file 0x04
#define DW_LNS_set_column 0x05
#define DW_LNS_negate_stmt 0x06
#define DW_LNS_set_basic_block 0x07
#define DW_LNS_const_add_pc 0x08
#define DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc 0x09
#define DW_LNS_set_prologue_end 0x0a /* DWARF3 */
#define DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin 0x0b /* DWARF3 */
#define DW_LNS_set_isa 0x0c /* DWARF3 */
/* Line number extended opcode name. */
#define DW_LNE_end_sequence 0x01
#define DW_LNE_set_address 0x02
#define DW_LNE_define_file 0x03
#define DW_LNE_set_discriminator 0x04 /* DWARF4 */
#ifndef ElfW
# if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
# define ElfW(x) Elf64##_##x
# else
# define ElfW(x) Elf32##_##x
# endif
#endif
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif
int kprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
typedef struct {
const char *dirname;
const char *filename;
int line;
int fd;
void *mapped;
size_t mapped_size;
unsigned long base_addr;
} line_info_t;
/* Avoid consuming stack as this module may be used from signal handler */
static char binary_filename[PATH_MAX];
static unsigned long
uleb128(char **p)
{
unsigned long r = 0;
int s = 0;
for (;;) {
unsigned char b = *(unsigned char *)(*p)++;
if (b < 0x80) {
r += (unsigned long)b << s;
break;
}
r += (b & 0x7f) << s;
s += 7;
}
return r;
}
static long
sleb128(char **p)
{
long r = 0;
int s = 0;
for (;;) {
unsigned char b = *(unsigned char *)(*p)++;
if (b < 0x80) {
if (b & 0x40) {
r -= (0x80 - b) << s;
}
else {
r += (b & 0x3f) << s;
}
break;
}
r += (b & 0x7f) << s;
s += 7;
}
return r;
}
static const char *
get_nth_dirname(unsigned long dir, char *p)
{
if (!dir--) {
return "";
}
while (dir--) {
while (*p) p++;
p++;
if (!*p) {
kprintf("Unexpected directory number %lu in %s\n",
dir, binary_filename);
return "";
}
}
return p;
}
static void
fill_filename(int file, char *include_directories, char *filenames,
line_info_t *line)
{
int i;
char *p = filenames;
char *filename;
unsigned long dir;
for (i = 1; i <= file; i++) {
filename = p;
if (!*p) {
/* Need to output binary file name? */
kprintf("Unexpected file number %d in %s\n",
file, binary_filename);
return;
}
while (*p) p++;
p++;
dir = uleb128(&p);
/* last modified. */
uleb128(&p);
/* size of the file. */
uleb128(&p);
if (i == file) {
line->filename = filename;
line->dirname = get_nth_dirname(dir, include_directories);
}
}
}
static int
get_path_from_symbol(const char *symbol, const char **p, size_t *len)
{
if (symbol[0] == '0') {
/* libexecinfo */
*p = strchr(symbol, '/');
if (*p == NULL) return 0;
*len = strlen(*p);
}
else {
/* glibc */
const char *q;
*p = symbol;
q = strchr(symbol, '(');
if (q == NULL) return 0;
*len = q - symbol;
}
return 1;
}
static void
fill_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
unsigned long addr, int file, int line,
char *include_directories, char *filenames, line_info_t *lines)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
unsigned long a = (unsigned long)traces[i] - lines[i].base_addr;
/* We assume one line code doesn't result >100 bytes of native code.
We may want more reliable way eventually... */
if (addr < a && a < addr + 100) {
fill_filename(file, include_directories, filenames, &lines[i]);
lines[i].line = line;
}
}
}
static void
parse_debug_line_cu(int num_traces, void **traces,
char **debug_line, line_info_t *lines)
{
char *p, *cu_end, *cu_start, *include_directories, *filenames;
unsigned long unit_length;
int default_is_stmt, line_base;
unsigned int header_length, minimum_instruction_length, line_range,
opcode_base;
/* unsigned char *standard_opcode_lengths; */
/* The registers. */
unsigned long addr = 0;
unsigned int file = 1;
unsigned int line = 1;
/* unsigned int column = 0; */
int is_stmt;
/* int basic_block = 0; */
/* int end_sequence = 0; */
/* int prologue_end = 0; */
/* int epilogue_begin = 0; */
/* unsigned int isa = 0; */
p = *debug_line;
unit_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
p += sizeof(unsigned int);
if (unit_length == 0xffffffff) {
unit_length = *(unsigned long *)p;
p += sizeof(unsigned long);
}
cu_end = p + unit_length;
/*dwarf_version = *(unsigned short *)p;*/
p += 2;
header_length = *(unsigned int *)p;
p += sizeof(unsigned int);
cu_start = p + header_length;
minimum_instruction_length = *(unsigned char *)p;
p++;
is_stmt = default_is_stmt = *(unsigned char *)p;
p++;
line_base = *(char *)p;
p++;
line_range = *(unsigned char *)p;
p++;
opcode_base = *(unsigned char *)p;
p++;
/* standard_opcode_lengths = (unsigned char *)p - 1; */
p += opcode_base - 1;
include_directories = p;
/* skip include directories */
while (*p) {
while (*p) p++;
p++;
}
p++;
filenames = p;
p = cu_start;
#define FILL_LINE() \
do { \
fill_line(num_traces, traces, addr, file, line, \
include_directories, filenames, lines); \
/*basic_block = prologue_end = epilogue_begin = 0;*/ \
} while (0)
while (p < cu_end) {
unsigned long a;
unsigned char op = *p++;
switch (op) {
case DW_LNS_copy:
FILL_LINE();
break;
case DW_LNS_advance_pc:
a = uleb128(&p);
addr += a;
break;
case DW_LNS_advance_line: {
long a = sleb128(&p);
line += a;
break;
}
case DW_LNS_set_file:
file = (unsigned int)uleb128(&p);
break;
case DW_LNS_set_column:
/*column = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
break;
case DW_LNS_negate_stmt:
is_stmt = !is_stmt;
break;
case DW_LNS_set_basic_block:
/*basic_block = 1; */
break;
case DW_LNS_const_add_pc:
a = ((255 - opcode_base) / line_range) *
minimum_instruction_length;
addr += a;
break;
case DW_LNS_fixed_advance_pc:
a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
addr += a;
break;
case DW_LNS_set_prologue_end:
/* prologue_end = 1; */
break;
case DW_LNS_set_epilogue_begin:
/* epilogue_begin = 1; */
break;
case DW_LNS_set_isa:
/* isa = (unsigned int)*/(void)uleb128(&p);
break;
case 0:
a = *(unsigned char *)p++;
op = *p++;
switch (op) {
case DW_LNE_end_sequence:
/* end_sequence = 1; */
FILL_LINE();
addr = 0;
file = 1;
line = 1;
/* column = 0; */
is_stmt = default_is_stmt;
/* end_sequence = 0; */
/* isa = 0; */
break;
case DW_LNE_set_address:
addr = *(unsigned long *)p;
p += sizeof(unsigned long);
break;
case DW_LNE_define_file:
kprintf("Unsupported operation in %s\n",
binary_filename);
break;
case DW_LNE_set_discriminator:
/* TODO:currently ignore */
uleb128(&p);
break;
default:
kprintf("Unknown extended opcode: %d in %s\n",
op, binary_filename);
}
break;
default: {
unsigned long addr_incr;
unsigned long line_incr;
a = op - opcode_base;
addr_incr = (a / line_range) * minimum_instruction_length;
line_incr = line_base + (a % line_range);
addr += (unsigned int)addr_incr;
line += (unsigned int)line_incr;
FILL_LINE();
}
}
}
*debug_line = p;
}
static void
parse_debug_line(int num_traces, void **traces,
char *debug_line, unsigned long size, line_info_t *lines)
{
char *debug_line_end = debug_line + size;
while (debug_line < debug_line_end) {
parse_debug_line_cu(num_traces, traces, &debug_line, lines);
}
if (debug_line != debug_line_end) {
kprintf("Unexpected size of .debug_line in %s\n",
binary_filename);
}
}
/* read file and fill lines */
static void
fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms, int check_debuglink,
line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines);
static void
follow_debuglink(char *debuglink, int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms,
line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines)
{
/* Ideally we should check 4 paths to follow gnu_debuglink,
but we handle only one case for now as this format is used
by some linux distributions. See GDB's info for detail. */
static const char global_debug_dir[] = "/usr/lib/debug";
char *p, *subdir;
p = strrchr(binary_filename, '/');
if (!p) {
return;
}
p[1] = '\0';
subdir = (char *)alloca(strlen(binary_filename) + 1);
strcpy(subdir, binary_filename);
strcpy(binary_filename, global_debug_dir);
strncat(binary_filename, subdir,
PATH_MAX - strlen(binary_filename) - 1);
strncat(binary_filename, debuglink,
PATH_MAX - strlen(binary_filename) - 1);
munmap(current_line->mapped, current_line->mapped_size);
close(current_line->fd);
fill_lines(num_traces, traces, syms, 0, current_line, lines);
}
/* read file and fill lines */
static void
fill_lines(int num_traces, void **traces, char **syms, int check_debuglink,
line_info_t *current_line, line_info_t *lines)
{
int i;
char *shstr;
char *section_name;
ElfW(Ehdr) *ehdr;
ElfW(Shdr) *shdr, *shstr_shdr;
ElfW(Shdr) *debug_line_shdr = NULL, *gnu_debuglink_shdr = NULL;
int fd;
off_t filesize;
char *file;
fd = open(binary_filename, O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
return;
}
filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
if (filesize < 0) {
int e = errno;
close(fd);
kprintf("lseek: %s\n", strerror(e));
return;
}
#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > SIZEOF_SIZE_T
if (filesize > (off_t)SIZE_MAX) {
close(fd);
kprintf("Too large file %s\n", binary_filename);
return;
}
#endif
lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
/* async-signal unsafe */
file = (char *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)filesize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
if (file == MAP_FAILED) {
int e = errno;
close(fd);
kprintf("mmap: %s\n", strerror(e));
return;
}
ehdr = (ElfW(Ehdr) *)file;
if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, "\177ELF", 4) != 0) {
/*
* Huh? Maybe filename was overridden by setproctitle() and
* it match non-elf file.
*/
close(fd);
return;
}
current_line->fd = fd;
current_line->mapped = file;
current_line->mapped_size = (size_t)filesize;
for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
const char *path;
size_t len;
if (get_path_from_symbol(syms[i], &path, &len) &&
!strncmp(path, binary_filename, len)) {
lines[i].line = -1;
}
}
shdr = (ElfW(Shdr) *)(file + ehdr->e_shoff);
shstr_shdr = shdr + ehdr->e_shstrndx;
shstr = file + shstr_shdr->sh_offset;
for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) {
section_name = shstr + shdr[i].sh_name;
if (!strcmp(section_name, ".debug_line")) {
debug_line_shdr = shdr + i;
break;
} else if (!strcmp(section_name, ".gnu_debuglink")) {
gnu_debuglink_shdr = shdr + i;
}
}
if (!debug_line_shdr) {
/* This file doesn't have .debug_line section,
let's check .gnu_debuglink section instead. */
if (gnu_debuglink_shdr && check_debuglink) {
follow_debuglink(file + gnu_debuglink_shdr->sh_offset,
num_traces, traces, syms,
current_line, lines);
}
return;
}
parse_debug_line(num_traces, traces,
file + debug_line_shdr->sh_offset,
debug_line_shdr->sh_size,
lines);
}
#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
typedef struct {
int num_traces;
char **syms;
line_info_t *lines;
} fill_base_addr_state_t;
static int
fill_base_addr(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data)
{
int i;
fill_base_addr_state_t *st = (fill_base_addr_state_t *)data;
for (i = 0; i < st->num_traces; i++) {
const char *path;
size_t len;
size_t name_len = strlen(info->dlpi_name);
if (get_path_from_symbol(st->syms[i], &path, &len) &&
(len == name_len || (len > name_len && path[len-name_len-1] == '/')) &&
!strncmp(path+len-name_len, info->dlpi_name, name_len)) {
st->lines[i].base_addr = info->dlpi_addr;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif /* HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR */
void
rb_dump_backtrace_with_lines(int num_traces, void **trace, char **syms)
{
int i;
/* async-signal unsafe */
line_info_t *lines = (line_info_t *)calloc(num_traces,
sizeof(line_info_t));
/* Note that line info of shared objects might not be shown
if we don't have dl_iterate_phdr */
#ifdef HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR
fill_base_addr_state_t fill_base_addr_state;
fill_base_addr_state.num_traces = num_traces;
fill_base_addr_state.syms = syms;
fill_base_addr_state.lines = lines;
/* maybe async-signal unsafe */
dl_iterate_phdr(fill_base_addr, &fill_base_addr_state);
#endif /* HAVE_DL_ITERATE_PHDR */
for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
const char *path;
size_t len;
if (lines[i].line) {
continue;
}
if (!get_path_from_symbol(syms[i], &path, &len)) {
continue;
}
strncpy(binary_filename, path, len);
binary_filename[len] = '\0';
fill_lines(num_traces, trace, syms, 1, &lines[i], lines);
}
for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
line_info_t *line = &lines[i];
if (line->line > 0) {
if (line->filename) {
if (line->dirname && line->dirname[0]) {
kprintf("%s %s/%s:%d\n", syms[i], line->dirname, line->filename, line->line);
}
else {
kprintf("%s %s:%d\n", syms[i], line->filename, line->line);
}
} else {
kprintf("%s ???:%d\n", syms[i], line->line);
}
} else {
kprintf("%s\n", syms[i]);
}
}
for (i = 0; i < num_traces; i++) {
line_info_t *line = &lines[i];
if (line->fd) {
munmap(line->mapped, line->mapped_size);
close(line->fd);
}
}
free(lines);
}
/* From FreeBSD's lib/libstand/printf.c */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
* (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
* All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
* to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
* Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
* the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)subr_prf.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
*/
#include <stdarg.h>
#define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * CHAR_BIT + 1)
extern int rb_toupper(int c);
#define toupper(c) rb_toupper(c)
#define hex2ascii(hex) (hex2ascii_data[hex])
char const hex2ascii_data[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
static inline int imax(int a, int b) { return (a > b ? a : b); }
static int kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap);
static void putce(int c)
{
char s[1];
ssize_t ret;
s[0] = (char)c;
ret = write(2, s, 1);
(void)ret;
}
int
kprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
int retval;
va_start(ap, fmt);
retval = kvprintf(fmt, putce, NULL, 10, ap);
va_end(ap);
return retval;
}
/*
* Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse
* order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character
* written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string).
* The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF.
*/
static char *
ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp, int upper)
{
char *p, c;
p = nbuf;
*p = '\0';
do {
c = hex2ascii(num % base);
*++p = upper ? toupper(c) : c;
} while (num /= base);
if (lenp)
*lenp = (int)(p - nbuf);
return (p);
}
/*
* Scaled down version of printf(3).
*
* Two additional formats:
*
* The format %b is supported to decode error registers.
* Its usage is:
*
* printf("reg=%b\n", regval, "<base><arg>*");
*
* where <base> is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g.
* \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex. Each arg is a sequence of characters,
* the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and
* the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32),
* give the name of the register. Thus:
*
* kvprintf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n");
*
* would produce output:
*
* reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE>
*
* XXX: %D -- Hexdump, takes pointer and separator string:
* ("%6D", ptr, ":") -> XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
* ("%*D", len, ptr, " " -> XX XX XX XX ...
*/
static int
kvprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int), void *arg, int radix, va_list ap)
{
#define PCHAR(c) {int cc=(c); if (func) (*func)(cc); else *d++ = cc; retval++; }
char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
char *d;
const char *p, *percent, *q;
unsigned char *up;
int ch, n;
uintmax_t num;
int base, lflag, qflag, tmp, width, ladjust, sharpflag, neg, sign, dot;
int cflag, hflag, jflag, tflag, zflag;
int dwidth, upper;
char padc;
int stop = 0, retval = 0;
num = 0;
if (!func)
d = (char *) arg;
else
d = NULL;
if (fmt == NULL)
fmt = "(fmt null)\n";
if (radix < 2 || radix > 36)
radix = 10;
for (;;) {
padc = ' ';
width = 0;
while ((ch = (unsigned char)*fmt++) != '%' || stop) {
if (ch == '\0')
return (retval);
PCHAR(ch);
}
percent = fmt - 1;
qflag = 0; lflag = 0; ladjust = 0; sharpflag = 0; neg = 0;
sign = 0; dot = 0; dwidth = 0; upper = 0;
cflag = 0; hflag = 0; jflag = 0; tflag = 0; zflag = 0;
reswitch: switch (ch = (unsigned char)*fmt++) {
case '.':
dot = 1;
goto reswitch;
case '#':
sharpflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case '+':
sign = 1;
goto reswitch;
case '-':
ladjust = 1;
goto reswitch;
case '%':
PCHAR(ch);
break;
case '*':
if (!dot) {
width = va_arg(ap, int);
if (width < 0) {
ladjust = !ladjust;
width = -width;
}
} else {
dwidth = va_arg(ap, int);
}
goto reswitch;
case '0':
if (!dot) {
padc = '0';
goto reswitch;
}
case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
for (n = 0;; ++fmt) {
n = n * 10 + ch - '0';
ch = *fmt;
if (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
break;
}
if (dot)
dwidth = n;
else
width = n;
goto reswitch;
case 'b':
num = (unsigned int)va_arg(ap, int);
p = va_arg(ap, char *);
for (q = ksprintn(nbuf, num, *p++, NULL, 0); *q;)
PCHAR(*q--);
if (num == 0)
break;
for (tmp = 0; *p;) {
n = *p++;
if (num & (1 << (n - 1))) {
PCHAR(tmp ? ',' : '<');
for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p)
PCHAR(n);
tmp = 1;
} else
for (; *p > ' '; ++p)
continue;
}
if (tmp)
PCHAR('>');
break;
case 'c':
PCHAR(va_arg(ap, int));
break;
case 'D':
up = va_arg(ap, unsigned char *);
p = va_arg(ap, char *);
if (!width)
width = 16;
while(width--) {
PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up >> 4));
PCHAR(hex2ascii(*up & 0x0f));
up++;
if (width)
for (q=p;*q;q++)
PCHAR(*q);
}
break;
case 'd':
case 'i':
base = 10;
sign = 1;
goto handle_sign;
case 'h':
if (hflag) {
hflag = 0;
cflag = 1;
} else
hflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case 'j':
jflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case 'l':
if (lflag) {
lflag = 0;
qflag = 1;
} else
lflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case 'n':
if (jflag)
*(va_arg(ap, intmax_t *)) = retval;
else if (qflag)
*(va_arg(ap, int64_t *)) = retval;
else if (lflag)
*(va_arg(ap, long *)) = retval;
else if (zflag)
*(va_arg(ap, size_t *)) = retval;
else if (hflag)
*(va_arg(ap, short *)) = retval;
else if (cflag)
*(va_arg(ap, char *)) = retval;
else
*(va_arg(ap, int *)) = retval;
break;
case 'o':
base = 8;
goto handle_nosign;
case 'p':
base = 16;
sharpflag = (width == 0);
sign = 0;
num = (uintptr_t)va_arg(ap, void *);
goto number;
case 'q':
qflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case 'r':
base = radix;
if (sign)
goto handle_sign;
goto handle_nosign;
case 's':
p = va_arg(ap, char *);
if (p == NULL)
p = "(null)";
if (!dot)
n = (int)strlen (p);
else
for (n = 0; n < dwidth && p[n]; n++)
continue;
width -= n;
if (!ladjust && width > 0)
while (width--)
PCHAR(padc);
while (n--)
PCHAR(*p++);
if (ladjust && width > 0)
while (width--)
PCHAR(padc);
break;
case 't':
tflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
case 'u':
base = 10;
goto handle_nosign;
case 'X':
upper = 1;
case 'x':
base = 16;
goto handle_nosign;
case 'y':
base = 16;
sign = 1;
goto handle_sign;
case 'z':
zflag = 1;
goto reswitch;
handle_nosign:
sign = 0;
if (jflag)
num = va_arg(ap, uintmax_t);
else if (qflag)
num = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);
else if (tflag)
num = va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
else if (lflag)
num = va_arg(ap, unsigned long);
else if (zflag)
num = va_arg(ap, size_t);
else if (hflag)
num = (unsigned short)va_arg(ap, int);
else if (cflag)
num = (unsigned char)va_arg(ap, int);
else