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snmp.c
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snmp.c
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/*
* "$Id: snmp.c 7810 2008-07-29 01:11:15Z mike $"
*
* SNMP discovery backend for the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS).
*
* Copyright 2007-2009 by Apple Inc.
* Copyright 2006-2007 by Easy Software Products, all rights reserved.
*
* These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
* property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
* law. Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
* "LICENSE" which should have been included with this file. If this
* file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
*
* This file is subject to the Apple OS-Developed Software exception.
*
* Contents:
*
* main() - Discover printers via SNMP.
* add_array() - Add a string to an array.
* add_cache() - Add a cached device...
* add_device_uri() - Add a device URI to the cache.
* alarm_handler() - Handle alarm signals...
* compare_cache() - Compare two cache entries.
* debug_printf() - Display some debugging information.
* fix_make_model() - Fix common problems in the make-and-model
* string.
* free_array() - Free an array of strings.
* free_cache() - Free the array of cached devices.
* get_interface_addresses() - Get the broadcast address(es) associated with
* an interface.
* list_device() - List a device we found...
* password_cb() - Handle authentication requests.
* probe_device() - Probe a device to discover whether it is a
* printer.
* read_snmp_conf() - Read the snmp.conf file.
* read_snmp_response() - Read and parse a SNMP response...
* run_time() - Return the total running time...
* scan_devices() - Scan for devices using SNMP.
* try_connect() - Try connecting on a port...
* update_cache() - Update a cached device...
*/
/*
* Include necessary headers.
*/
#include "backend-private.h"
#include <cups/array.h>
#include <cups/file.h>
#include <cups/http-private.h>
#include <regex.h>
/*
* This backend implements SNMP printer discovery. It uses a broadcast-
* based approach to get SNMP response packets from potential printers,
* requesting OIDs from the Host and Port Monitor MIBs, does a URI
* lookup based on the device description string, and finally a probe of
* port 9100 (AppSocket) and 515 (LPD).
*
* The current focus is on printers with internal network cards, although
* the code also works with many external print servers as well.
*
* The backend reads the snmp.conf file from the CUPS_SERVERROOT directory
* which can contain comments, blank lines, or any number of the following
* directives:
*
* Address ip-address
* Address @LOCAL
* Address @IF(name)
* Community name
* DebugLevel N
* DeviceURI "regex pattern" uri
* HostNameLookups on
* HostNameLookups off
* MaxRunTime N
*
* The default is to use:
*
* Address @LOCAL
* Community public
* DebugLevel 0
* HostNameLookups off
* MaxRunTime 120
*
* This backend is known to work with the following network printers and
* print servers:
*
* Axis OfficeBasic, 5400, 5600
* Brother
* EPSON
* Genicom
* HP JetDirect
* Lexmark
* Sharp
* Tektronix
* Xerox
*
* It does not currently work with:
*
* DLink
* Linksys
* Netgear
* Okidata
*
* (for all of these, they do not support the Host MIB)
*/
/*
* Types...
*/
enum /**** Request IDs for each field ****/
{
DEVICE_TYPE = 1,
DEVICE_DESCRIPTION,
DEVICE_LOCATION,
DEVICE_ID,
DEVICE_URI,
DEVICE_PRODUCT
};
typedef struct device_uri_s /**** DeviceURI values ****/
{
regex_t re; /* Regular expression to match */
cups_array_t *uris; /* URIs */
} device_uri_t;
typedef struct snmp_cache_s /**** SNMP scan cache ****/
{
http_addr_t address; /* Address of device */
char *addrname, /* Name of device */
*uri, /* device-uri */
*id, /* device-id */
*info, /* device-info */
*location, /* device-location */
*make_and_model; /* device-make-and-model */
int sent; /* Has this device been listed? */
} snmp_cache_t;
/*
* Private CUPS API to set the last error...
*/
extern void _cupsSetError(ipp_status_t status, const char *message);
/*
* Local functions...
*/
static char *add_array(cups_array_t *a, const char *s);
static void add_cache(http_addr_t *addr, const char *addrname,
const char *uri, const char *id,
const char *make_and_model);
static device_uri_t *add_device_uri(char *value);
static void alarm_handler(int sig);
static int compare_cache(snmp_cache_t *a, snmp_cache_t *b);
static void debug_printf(const char *format, ...);
static void fix_make_model(char *make_model,
const char *old_make_model,
int make_model_size);
static void free_array(cups_array_t *a);
static void free_cache(void);
static http_addrlist_t *get_interface_addresses(const char *ifname);
static void list_device(snmp_cache_t *cache);
static const char *password_cb(const char *prompt);
static void probe_device(snmp_cache_t *device);
static void read_snmp_conf(const char *address);
static void read_snmp_response(int fd);
static double run_time(void);
static void scan_devices(int fd);
static int try_connect(http_addr_t *addr, const char *addrname,
int port);
static void update_cache(snmp_cache_t *device, const char *uri,
const char *id, const char *make_model);
/*
* Local globals...
*/
static cups_array_t *Addresses = NULL;
static cups_array_t *Communities = NULL;
static cups_array_t *Devices = NULL;
static int DebugLevel = 0;
static const int DescriptionOID[] = { CUPS_OID_hrDeviceDescr, 1, -1 };
static const int LocationOID[] = { CUPS_OID_sysLocation, 0, -1 };
static const int DeviceTypeOID[] = { CUPS_OID_hrDeviceType, 1, -1 };
static const int DeviceIdOID[] = { CUPS_OID_ppmPrinterIEEE1284DeviceId, 1, -1 };
static const int UriOID[] = { CUPS_OID_ppmPortServiceNameOrURI, 1, 1, -1 };
static const int LexmarkProductOID[] = { 1,3,6,1,4,1,641,2,1,2,1,2,1,-1 };
static const int LexmarkProductOID2[] = { 1,3,6,1,4,1,674,10898,100,2,1,2,1,2,1,-1 };
static const int LexmarkDeviceIdOID[] = { 1,3,6,1,4,1,641,2,1,2,1,3,1,-1 };
static const int XeroxProductOID[] = { 1,3,6,1,4,1,128,2,1,3,1,2,0,-1 };
static cups_array_t *DeviceURIs = NULL;
static int HostNameLookups = 0;
static int MaxRunTime = 120;
static struct timeval StartTime;
/*
* 'main()' - Discover printers via SNMP.
*/
int /* O - Exit status */
main(int argc, /* I - Number of command-line arguments (6 or 7) */
char *argv[]) /* I - Command-line arguments */
{
int fd; /* SNMP socket */
#if defined(HAVE_SIGACTION) && !defined(HAVE_SIGSET)
struct sigaction action; /* Actions for POSIX signals */
#endif /* HAVE_SIGACTION && !HAVE_SIGSET */
/*
* Check command-line options...
*/
if (argc > 2)
{
fputs(_("Usage: snmp [host-or-ip-address]\n"), stderr);
return (1);
}
/*
* Set the password callback for IPP operations...
*/
cupsSetPasswordCB(password_cb);
/*
* Catch SIGALRM signals...
*/
#ifdef HAVE_SIGSET
sigset(SIGALRM, alarm_handler);
#elif defined(HAVE_SIGACTION)
memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
sigaddset(&action.sa_mask, SIGALRM);
action.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
sigaction(SIGALRM, &action, NULL);
#else
signal(SIGALRM, alarm_handler);
#endif /* HAVE_SIGSET */
/*
* Open the SNMP socket...
*/
if ((fd = _cupsSNMPOpen(AF_INET)) < 0)
return (1);
/*
* Read the configuration file and any cache data...
*/
read_snmp_conf(argv[1]);
_cupsSNMPSetDebug(DebugLevel);
Devices = cupsArrayNew((cups_array_func_t)compare_cache, NULL);
/*
* Scan for devices...
*/
scan_devices(fd);
/*
* Close, free, and return with no errors...
*/
_cupsSNMPClose(fd);
free_array(Addresses);
free_array(Communities);
free_cache();
return (0);
}
/*
* 'add_array()' - Add a string to an array.
*/
static char * /* O - New string */
add_array(cups_array_t *a, /* I - Array */
const char *s) /* I - String to add */
{
char *dups; /* New string */
dups = strdup(s);
cupsArrayAdd(a, dups);
return (dups);
}
/*
* 'add_cache()' - Add a cached device...
*/
static void
add_cache(http_addr_t *addr, /* I - Device IP address */
const char *addrname, /* I - IP address or name string */
const char *uri, /* I - Device URI */
const char *id, /* I - 1284 device ID */
const char *make_and_model) /* I - Make and model */
{
snmp_cache_t *temp; /* New device entry */
debug_printf("DEBUG: add_cache(addr=%p, addrname=\"%s\", uri=\"%s\", "
"id=\"%s\", make_and_model=\"%s\")\n",
addr, addrname, uri ? uri : "(null)", id ? id : "(null)",
make_and_model ? make_and_model : "(null)");
temp = calloc(1, sizeof(snmp_cache_t));
memcpy(&(temp->address), addr, sizeof(temp->address));
temp->addrname = strdup(addrname);
if (uri)
temp->uri = strdup(uri);
if (id)
temp->id = strdup(id);
if (make_and_model)
temp->make_and_model = strdup(make_and_model);
cupsArrayAdd(Devices, temp);
if (uri)
list_device(temp);
}
/*
* 'add_device_uri()' - Add a device URI to the cache.
*
* The value string is modified (chopped up) as needed.
*/
static device_uri_t * /* O - Device URI */
add_device_uri(char *value) /* I - Value from snmp.conf */
{
device_uri_t *device_uri; /* Device URI */
char *start; /* Start of value */
/*
* Allocate memory as needed...
*/
if (!DeviceURIs)
DeviceURIs = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);
if (!DeviceURIs)
return (NULL);
if ((device_uri = calloc(1, sizeof(device_uri_t))) == NULL)
return (NULL);
if ((device_uri->uris = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
{
free(device_uri);
return (NULL);
}
/*
* Scan the value string for the regular expression and URI(s)...
*/
value ++; /* Skip leading " */
for (start = value; *value && *value != '\"'; value ++)
if (*value == '\\' && value[1])
_cups_strcpy(value, value + 1);
if (!*value)
{
fputs("ERROR: Missing end quote for DeviceURI!\n", stderr);
cupsArrayDelete(device_uri->uris);
free(device_uri);
return (NULL);
}
*value++ = '\0';
if (regcomp(&(device_uri->re), start, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE))
{
fputs("ERROR: Bad regular expression for DeviceURI!\n", stderr);
cupsArrayDelete(device_uri->uris);
free(device_uri);
return (NULL);
}
while (*value)
{
while (isspace(*value & 255))
value ++;
if (!*value)
break;
for (start = value; *value && !isspace(*value & 255); value ++);
if (*value)
*value++ = '\0';
cupsArrayAdd(device_uri->uris, strdup(start));
}
/*
* Add the device URI to the list and return it...
*/
cupsArrayAdd(DeviceURIs, device_uri);
return (device_uri);
}
/*
* 'alarm_handler()' - Handle alarm signals...
*/
static void
alarm_handler(int sig) /* I - Signal number */
{
/*
* Do nothing...
*/
(void)sig;
#if !defined(HAVE_SIGSET) && !defined(HAVE_SIGACTION)
signal(SIGALRM, alarm_handler);
#endif /* !HAVE_SIGSET && !HAVE_SIGACTION */
if (DebugLevel)
write(2, "DEBUG: ALARM!\n", 14);
}
/*
* 'compare_cache()' - Compare two cache entries.
*/
static int /* O - Result of comparison */
compare_cache(snmp_cache_t *a, /* I - First cache entry */
snmp_cache_t *b) /* I - Second cache entry */
{
return (strcasecmp(a->addrname, b->addrname));
}
/*
* 'debug_printf()' - Display some debugging information.
*/
static void
debug_printf(const char *format, /* I - Printf-style format string */
...) /* I - Additional arguments as needed */
{
va_list ap; /* Pointer to arguments */
if (!DebugLevel)
return;
va_start(ap, format);
vfprintf(stderr, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
/*
* 'fix_make_model()' - Fix common problems in the make-and-model string.
*/
static void
fix_make_model(
char *make_model, /* I - New make-and-model string */
const char *old_make_model, /* I - Old make-and-model string */
int make_model_size) /* I - Size of new string buffer */
{
char *mmptr; /* Pointer into make-and-model string */
/*
* Fix some common problems with the make-and-model string so
* that printer driver detection works better...
*/
if (!strncasecmp(old_make_model, "Hewlett-Packard", 15))
{
/*
* Strip leading Hewlett-Packard and hp prefixes and replace
* with a single HP manufacturer prefix...
*/
mmptr = (char *)old_make_model + 15;
while (isspace(*mmptr & 255))
mmptr ++;
if (!strncasecmp(mmptr, "hp", 2))
{
mmptr += 2;
while (isspace(*mmptr & 255))
mmptr ++;
}
make_model[0] = 'H';
make_model[1] = 'P';
make_model[2] = ' ';
strlcpy(make_model + 3, mmptr, make_model_size - 3);
}
else if (!strncasecmp(old_make_model, "deskjet", 7))
snprintf(make_model, make_model_size, "HP DeskJet%s", old_make_model + 7);
else if (!strncasecmp(old_make_model, "officejet", 9))
snprintf(make_model, make_model_size, "HP OfficeJet%s", old_make_model + 9);
else if (!strncasecmp(old_make_model, "stylus_pro_", 11))
snprintf(make_model, make_model_size, "EPSON Stylus Pro %s",
old_make_model + 11);
else
strlcpy(make_model, old_make_model, make_model_size);
if ((mmptr = strstr(make_model, ", Inc.,")) != NULL)
{
/*
* Strip inc. from name, e.g. "Tektronix, Inc., Phaser 560"
* becomes "Tektronix Phaser 560"...
*/
_cups_strcpy(mmptr, mmptr + 7);
}
if ((mmptr = strstr(make_model, " Network")) != NULL)
{
/*
* Drop unnecessary informational text, e.g. "Xerox DocuPrint N2025
* Network LaserJet - 2.12" becomes "Xerox DocuPrint N2025"...
*/
*mmptr = '\0';
}
if ((mmptr = strchr(make_model, ',')) != NULL)
{
/*
* Drop anything after a trailing comma...
*/
*mmptr = '\0';
}
}
/*
* 'free_array()' - Free an array of strings.
*/
static void
free_array(cups_array_t *a) /* I - Array */
{
char *s; /* Current string */
for (s = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(a); s; s = (char *)cupsArrayNext(a))
free(s);
cupsArrayDelete(a);
}
/*
* 'free_cache()' - Free the array of cached devices.
*/
static void
free_cache(void)
{
snmp_cache_t *cache; /* Cached device */
for (cache = (snmp_cache_t *)cupsArrayFirst(Devices);
cache;
cache = (snmp_cache_t *)cupsArrayNext(Devices))
{
free(cache->addrname);
if (cache->uri)
free(cache->uri);
if (cache->id)
free(cache->id);
if (cache->make_and_model)
free(cache->make_and_model);
free(cache);
}
cupsArrayDelete(Devices);
Devices = NULL;
}
/*
* 'get_interface_addresses()' - Get the broadcast address(es) associated
* with an interface.
*/
static http_addrlist_t * /* O - List of addresses */
get_interface_addresses(
const char *ifname) /* I - Interface name */
{
struct ifaddrs *addrs, /* Interface address list */
*addr; /* Current interface address */
http_addrlist_t *first, /* First address in list */
*last, /* Last address in list */
*current; /* Current address */
if (getifaddrs(&addrs) < 0)
return (NULL);
for (addr = addrs, first = NULL, last = NULL; addr; addr = addr->ifa_next)
if ((addr->ifa_flags & IFF_BROADCAST) && addr->ifa_broadaddr &&
addr->ifa_broadaddr->sa_family == AF_INET &&
(!ifname || !strcmp(ifname, addr->ifa_name)))
{
current = calloc(1, sizeof(http_addrlist_t));
memcpy(&(current->addr), addr->ifa_broadaddr,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (!last)
first = current;
else
last->next = current;
last = current;
}
freeifaddrs(addrs);
return (first);
}
/*
* 'list_device()' - List a device we found...
*/
static void
list_device(snmp_cache_t *cache) /* I - Cached device */
{
if (cache->uri)
cupsBackendReport("network", cache->uri, cache->make_and_model,
cache->info, cache->id, cache->location);
}
/*
* 'password_cb()' - Handle authentication requests.
*
* All we do right now is return NULL, indicating that no authentication
* is possible.
*/
static const char * /* O - Password (NULL) */
password_cb(const char *prompt) /* I - Prompt message */
{
(void)prompt; /* Anti-compiler-warning-code */
return (NULL);
}
/*
* 'probe_device()' - Probe a device to discover whether it is a printer.
*
* TODO: Try using the Port Monitor MIB to discover the correct protocol
* to use - first need a commercially-available printer that supports
* it, though...
*/
static void
probe_device(snmp_cache_t *device) /* I - Device */
{
char uri[1024], /* Full device URI */
*uriptr, /* Pointer into URI */
*format; /* Format string for device */
device_uri_t *device_uri; /* Current DeviceURI match */
debug_printf("DEBUG: %.3f Probing %s...\n", run_time(), device->addrname);
#ifdef __APPLE__
/*
* TODO: Try an mDNS query first, and then fallback on direct probes...
*/
if (!try_connect(&(device->address), device->addrname, 5353))
{
debug_printf("DEBUG: %s supports mDNS, not reporting!\n", device->addrname);
return;
}
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
/*
* Lookup the device in the match table...
*/
for (device_uri = (device_uri_t *)cupsArrayFirst(DeviceURIs);
device_uri;
device_uri = (device_uri_t *)cupsArrayNext(DeviceURIs))
if (device->make_and_model &&
!regexec(&(device_uri->re), device->make_and_model, 0, NULL, 0))
{
/*
* Found a match, add the URIs...
*/
for (format = (char *)cupsArrayFirst(device_uri->uris);
format;
format = (char *)cupsArrayNext(device_uri->uris))
{
for (uriptr = uri; *format && uriptr < (uri + sizeof(uri) - 1);)
if (*format == '%' && format[1] == 's')
{
/*
* Insert hostname/address...
*/
strlcpy(uriptr, device->addrname, sizeof(uri) - (uriptr - uri));
uriptr += strlen(uriptr);
format += 2;
}
else
*uriptr++ = *format++;
*uriptr = '\0';
update_cache(device, uri, NULL, NULL);
}
return;
}
/*
* Then try the standard ports...
*/
if (!try_connect(&(device->address), device->addrname, 9100))
{
debug_printf("DEBUG: %s supports AppSocket!\n", device->addrname);
snprintf(uri, sizeof(uri), "socket://%s", device->addrname);
update_cache(device, uri, NULL, NULL);
}
else if (!try_connect(&(device->address), device->addrname, 515))
{
debug_printf("DEBUG: %s supports LPD!\n", device->addrname);
snprintf(uri, sizeof(uri), "lpd://%s/", device->addrname);
update_cache(device, uri, NULL, NULL);
}
}
/*
* 'read_snmp_conf()' - Read the snmp.conf file.
*/
static void
read_snmp_conf(const char *address) /* I - Single address to probe */
{
cups_file_t *fp; /* File pointer */
char filename[1024], /* Filename */
line[1024], /* Line from file */
*value; /* Value on line */
int linenum; /* Line number */
const char *cups_serverroot; /* CUPS_SERVERROOT env var */
const char *debug; /* CUPS_DEBUG_LEVEL env var */
const char *runtime; /* CUPS_MAX_RUN_TIME env var */
/*
* Initialize the global address and community lists...
*/
Addresses = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);
Communities = cupsArrayNew(NULL, NULL);
if (address)
add_array(Addresses, address);
if ((debug = getenv("CUPS_DEBUG_LEVEL")) != NULL)
DebugLevel = atoi(debug);
if ((runtime = getenv("CUPS_MAX_RUN_TIME")) != NULL)
MaxRunTime = atoi(runtime);
/*
* Find the snmp.conf file...
*/
if ((cups_serverroot = getenv("CUPS_SERVERROOT")) == NULL)
cups_serverroot = CUPS_SERVERROOT;
snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/snmp.conf", cups_serverroot);
if ((fp = cupsFileOpen(filename, "r")) != NULL)
{
/*
* Read the snmp.conf file...
*/
linenum = 0;
while (cupsFileGetConf(fp, line, sizeof(line), &value, &linenum))
{
if (!value)
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Missing value on line %d of %s!\n", linenum,
filename);
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "Address"))
{
if (!address)
add_array(Addresses, value);
}
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "Community"))
add_array(Communities, value);
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "DebugLevel"))
DebugLevel = atoi(value);
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "DeviceURI"))
{
if (*value != '\"')
fprintf(stderr,
"ERROR: Missing double quote for regular expression on "
"line %d of %s!\n", linenum, filename);
else
add_device_uri(value);
}
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "HostNameLookups"))
HostNameLookups = !strcasecmp(value, "on") ||
!strcasecmp(value, "yes") ||
!strcasecmp(value, "true") ||
!strcasecmp(value, "double");
else if (!strcasecmp(line, "MaxRunTime"))
MaxRunTime = atoi(value);
else
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Unknown directive %s on line %d of %s!\n",
line, linenum, filename);
}
cupsFileClose(fp);
}
/*
* Use defaults if parameters are undefined...
*/
if (cupsArrayCount(Addresses) == 0)
{
/*
* If we have no addresses, exit immediately...
*/
fprintf(stderr,
"DEBUG: No address specified and no Address line in %s...\n",
filename);
exit(0);
}
if (cupsArrayCount(Communities) == 0)
{
fputs("INFO: Using default SNMP Community public\n", stderr);
add_array(Communities, "public");
}
}
/*
* 'read_snmp_response()' - Read and parse a SNMP response...
*/
static void
read_snmp_response(int fd) /* I - SNMP socket file descriptor */
{
char addrname[256]; /* Source address name */
cups_snmp_t packet; /* Decoded packet */
snmp_cache_t key, /* Search key */
*device; /* Matching device */
/*
* Read the response data...
*/
if (!_cupsSNMPRead(fd, &packet, -1.0))
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Unable to read data from socket: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
return;
}
if (HostNameLookups)
httpAddrLookup(&(packet.address), addrname, sizeof(addrname));
else
httpAddrString(&(packet.address), addrname, sizeof(addrname));
debug_printf("DEBUG: %.3f Received data from %s...\n", run_time(), addrname);
/*
* Look for the response status code in the SNMP message header...
*/
if (packet.error)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Bad SNMP packet from %s: %s\n", addrname,
packet.error);
return;
}
debug_printf("DEBUG: community=\"%s\"\n", packet.community);
debug_printf("DEBUG: request-id=%d\n", packet.request_id);
debug_printf("DEBUG: error-status=%d\n", packet.error_status);
if (packet.error_status)
return;
/*
* Find a matching device in the cache...
*/
key.addrname = addrname;
device = (snmp_cache_t *)cupsArrayFind(Devices, &key);
/*
* Process the message...
*/
switch (packet.request_id)
{
case DEVICE_TYPE :
/*
* Got the device type response...
*/
if (device)
{
debug_printf("DEBUG: Discarding duplicate device type for \"%s\"...\n",
addrname);
return;
}
/*
* Add the device and request the device data...
*/
add_cache(&(packet.address), addrname, NULL, NULL, NULL);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_DESCRIPTION, DescriptionOID);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_ID, DeviceIdOID);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_URI, UriOID);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_LOCATION, LocationOID);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_PRODUCT, LexmarkProductOID);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,
packet.community, CUPS_ASN1_GET_REQUEST,
DEVICE_PRODUCT, LexmarkProductOID2);
_cupsSNMPWrite(fd, &(packet.address), CUPS_SNMP_VERSION_1,