posix ostimer.c functions not using semaphore

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Similar to Trac #92, the posix version of ostimer.c is not properly protecting its OS_timer_table via a mutex.

{{{
pthread_mutex_t OS_timer_table_mut;
}}}

Many of the issues seen in Trac #92 are in the posix version as well.
Full branch coverage unit tests, in Trac #45, were used to fix Trac #92 (VxWorks). The posix ostimer.c will likely need similar coverage tests to ensure this is fixed properly.

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Imported from trac issue 71. Created by abrown4 on 2015-07-08T13:19:36, last modified: 2019-07-17T16:58:53

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Trac comment by abrown4 on 2015-07-08 13:22:45:

Not all methods in the RTEMS version are protected... that may need its own issue as well.

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Trac comment by jphickey on 2015-07-08 16:14:19:

Note that this is already all fixed under trac #28

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Trac comment by jphickey on 2019-03-26 08:56:51:

Adding this to the group of bugs that are fixed by using the "NG" architecture

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Trac comment by jhageman on 2019-07-01 15:35:44:

Marked for CCB review - either close as last-gen only, wontfix or fixed by next gen already

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Trac comment by jhageman on 2019-07-17 16:58:53:

CCB 7/17/2019 - fixed by next gen, closing last gen issue as wontfix