t01.exw

with debug
with trace

include builtins\VM\pPower.e

function round_str(string result, atom f, integer exponent, integer charflag, integer digit)--, integer minfieldwidth)
--
-- Apply rounding to partially printed float, if required
--
integer tmp
integer dot, dotm1
--?result   --DOH, infinite loop! (use puts(1,<string>) instead!)
--1/11/22:
--integer one = iff(result[1]='-'?2:1)
integer one = iff(find(result[1],"-+")?2:1)
    if exponent>=1 then
        f /= power(10,exponent)
    end if
--2/12/18:
--  if f>5 or (f=5 and remainder(digit,2)=1) then
    if f>5 or (f=5 and remainder(digit,2)=1) or digit=10 then
        for i=length(result) to one by -1 do
            dot = result[i]
            if dot='9' then
                result[i] = '0'
            elsif dot!='.' then
--              result[i] += 1      --DEV 26/9/9: try dot += 1 result[i] = dot... (better type info)
                dot += 1
                result[i] = dot
                exit
            end if
            if i=one then
--DEV: (oldschool, from when prepend string did not work) [prepend always yields T_Seq now anyways] [DEV: lies, 28/3/2014]
--              result = prepend(result,'1')
                if one=1 then
--                  result = "1"&result
                    result = '1'&result
                else
--                  result = "-1"&result[2..$]
                    result = '-'&'1'&result[2..$]
                end if
                if charflag!='f' then
                    dot = find('.',result)
                    if dot then
                        dotm1 = dot-1
                        result[dot] = result[dotm1]
--                      result[dotm1] = '.'
                        result[dotm1] = '!'
--DEV gives bounds error...
--DEV I suppose we should check it is a '0' as well.
--                      result = result[1..length(result)-1]
--                      exponent += 1
                    end if
                end if
            end if
        end for
    end if
--  if charflag='g' then
--  if charflag='g' and find('.',result) then   -- find '.' added 9/3/6
    if charflag='g' 
    and (find('.',result) or find('!',result)) then
        tmp = length(result)
--14/1/15:
--      while tmp>1 and tmp>minfieldwidth do
        while tmp>1 do
            dot = result[tmp]
-- 20/10/15: sprintf("%g",1e-14) was yielding "1e-15"!! It now keeps the the trailing '!' to adjust exponent.
--          if dot='.' 
--          or dot='!' then
            if dot='!' then exit end if
            if dot='.' then
                tmp -= 1
                exit
            end if
            if dot!='0' then exit end if
            tmp -= 1
        end while
        result = result[1..tmp]
    end if
    return result
end function

integer init2
        init2 = 0

atom inf,nan

-- do we still need these?? (yes)
function Nan() -- thread-safe alternative to "nan"
    string res = repeat('n',3)
    res[2] = 'a'
    return res
end function

function Inf() -- thread-safe alternative to "inf"
    string res = repeat('i',3)
    res[2] = 'n'
    res[3] = 'f'
    return res
end function

function sprintf2(atom pf, integer charflag, integer showplus, integer minfieldwidth, integer precision)
integer dotdone, nzdigitprinted
string reve
integer revelen
integer expadj
integer capE    -- 'e' or 'E'
integer ewk
integer tmp
integer digit
atom f, fwk, epwr
string result
integer exponent, k

--?result   --DOH, infinite loop! (use puts(1,<string>) instead!)
    f = pf
--  result = ""
    result = repeat(' ',0)
    dotdone = 0
    nzdigitprinted = 0
    if f=nan then
--DEV not thread safe
--      return "nan"
        return Nan()
    end if
    if f<0 then
--      result = "-"
        result = repeat('-',1)
        f = -f
    elsif showplus then
--      result = "+"
--      result = repeat('+',1)
        result = repeat(showplus,1) -- '+' or ' '
    end if
    exponent = 0
    if f=nan then
--      return result&"nan"
        return result&Nan()
    end if
    if f=inf then
--      return result&"inf"
        return result&Inf()
    end if
    if f>=10 then
        fwk = f
        while fwk>=10 do
            exponent += 1
            fwk /= 10
        end while
    else
        while f<1 and f!=0 do
            exponent -= 1
            f *= 10
        end while
    end if
    capE = 'e'
    if charflag<'a' then
        charflag += 32
        capE = 'E'
    end if
--  if charflag='e' or (charflag='g' and (exponent>9 or exponent<-4)) then
--1/11/15:
--  if charflag='e' or (charflag='g' and (exponent>precision or exponent<-4)) then
    if charflag='e' or (charflag='g' and (exponent>=precision or exponent<-4)) then
        ewk = exponent
        if exponent>0 then
--DEV problems on 64bit: (opPow needs improvement!)
--          epwr = power(10,exponent)
epwr = 10
for i=2 to exponent do
    epwr *= 10
end for
            fwk = 0--epwr
            digit = 0
            while f>=fwk+epwr do
                fwk += epwr
                digit += 1
            end while
--24/2/24:
            f -= fwk
        else
            digit = floor(f)
--21/2/24:
            f = (f-digit)*10
        end if
        result &= digit+'0'
        expadj = 1
        if precision>0 then
            result &= '.'
            dotdone = 1
--24/2/24
--          atom fadj = 0
--1/11/15
--          for i=1 to precision do
            for i=1 to precision-(charflag='g') do
                if ewk>0 then
--24/2/24:
--                  f -= fwk
                    ewk -= 1
                    epwr = power(10,ewk)
                    fwk = 0--epwr
                    digit = 0
                    while f>=fwk+epwr do
                        fwk += epwr
                        digit += 1
                    end while
--24/2/24:
--30/10/21
--                  fadj = fwk
                    f -= fwk
                else
--21/2/24
--                  f = (f-digit)*10
                    digit = floor(f)
                    f = (f-digit)*10
--24/2/24:
--                  fadj = 0
                end if
--12/7/16:
                if digit=10 then exit end if
                result &= digit+'0'
                expadj += 1
            end for
--24/2/24:
--          f -= fadj
        else
            if ewk>0 then
                f -= fwk
            else
                f = (f-digit)*10
            end if
        end if
        exponent -= expadj
        result = round_str(result,f,exponent,charflag,digit)--,minfieldwidth)
        k = find('!',result)
        if k then
--          if k=length(result) then
--              result = result[1..-2]
--          else
                result[k] = '.'
--24/3/23!
                result = result[1..-2]
--          end if
            exponent += 1
        end if
        exponent += expadj
        result &= capE
        if exponent<0 then
            result &= '-'
            exponent = 0-exponent
        else
            result &= '+'
        end if
        if exponent=0 then
--          reve = "0"
            reve = repeat('0',1)
        else
--          reve = ""
            reve = repeat(' ',0)
            while exponent do
                reve = append(reve,floor(remainder(exponent,10)+'0'))
                exponent = floor(exponent/10)
            end while
            revelen = length(reve)
            for j=1 to revelen do
                if j>=revelen then exit end if
                tmp = reve[j]
                reve[j] = reve[revelen]
                reve[revelen] = tmp
                revelen -= 1
            end for
        end if
        result &= reve
    else
        digit = 0
        if exponent<-1 then
--DEV not thread safe
--          result &= "0."
            result &= '0'
            if charflag!='g' or f!=0 then
                result &= '.'
                dotdone = 1
                while exponent<-1
                  and (charflag!='g' or f!=0) do
                    exponent += 1
                    if precision then
                        result &= '0'
--24/5/20 (check removed)
--28/12/21 (check restored... [can no longer remember why it was removed, nowt in the release notes...])
--06/02/22 (removed again, for demo/pGUI/graph1.exw ["%.1f", -5.55e-17 printing as "-0.00000000000000006"])
--         (can't be absolutely sure, but I probably made that change for the approximate equality task..)
--                      if minfieldwidth>0 then
                            precision -= 1
--                      end if
                    else
                        f /= 10
                    end if
                end while
            end if
        end if

        while true do
            if exponent=-1 then
                if precision>0 then
                    if not dotdone then
                        if charflag='g' then
                            if f=0 then exit end if
                        end if
--                      if find(result,{"","-","+"}) then
                        if length(result)=0
--                      or (length(result)=1 and (result[1]='-' or result[1]='+')) then
                        or (length(result)=1 and find(result[1],"-+ ")) then
                            result &= '0'
                        end if
                        result &= '.'
                    end if
                    for j=1 to precision do
                        digit = floor(f)
                        result &= digit+'0'
                        f = (f-digit)*10
                        if charflag='g' then
                            if f=0 then exit end if
                        end if
                    end for
                end if
                exit
            end if
            if exponent>=1 then
                epwr = power(10,exponent)
                fwk = 0--epwr
                digit = 0
                while f>=fwk+epwr do
                    fwk += epwr
                    digit += 1
                end while
                f -= fwk    --epwr
            else
                digit = floor(f)
                f = (f-digit)*10
            end if
--2/12/18!
if digit=10 then exit end if
            result &= digit+'0'
            if digit then
                nzdigitprinted = 1
            end if
            exponent -= 1
            if charflag='g' then
                if length(result)>=minfieldwidth and f=0 then exit end if
--DEV: try printf(1,"%6.2f\n%6.2g\n",96.5)
-- (same results as RDS Eu, but that does not necessarily make it right!)
-- Possible fix is to remove this line...(19/8 put the new flag test round it instead)
                if nzdigitprinted then
                    precision -= 1
                end if
            end if
        end while
        if length(result)=0 then
--          result = "0"
            result = repeat('0',1)
        end if
        result = round_str(result,f,exponent,charflag,digit)--,minfieldwidth)
        k = find('!',result)
        if k then
            if k=length(result) then
                result = result[1..-2]
            else
                result[k] = '.'
            end if
            exponent += 1
        end if
        if exponent>-1 then
            while exponent>-1 do
                result &= '0'
                exponent -= 1
            end while
-- kludge 24/9/2020:
        elsif dotdone and result[$]='.' then
            result = result[1..$-1]
        end if
        if result="-0"
        or result="-" then
            result = "0"
        end if
    end if
    return result
end function

procedure ueofmt()
    crash("unexpected end of format string",{},4)
end procedure

function useFlatString(sequence args, integer nxt, sequence fmt, integer i)
-- permit printf(1,"%s","Hello") to work as {"Hello"} - but only if:
-- 1) this is the first % (nxt=1)
-- 2) there are no more %'s in the fmt, except for %%
-- 3) args is a flat string
object o
    if nxt!=1 then return 0 end if
    for j=i+1 to length(fmt) do
        if fmt[j]='%' then
            if j=length(fmt) or fmt[j+1]!='%' then return 0 end if
        end if
    end for
    for j=1 to length(args) do
        o = args[j]
        if not integer(o) then return 0 end if
        if o<1 or o>255 then return 0 end if
    end for
    return 1
end function

bool prefer_backtick = false
--constant tnr = "tnr"
--constant tnr = "tnr\\\"\'\0"
--constant tnr = "tnr\\\"\'0e"

--function allascii(string x, bool withquotes)
function allascii(string x, integer enquote='q')
-- Phix allows "strings" to hold binary data, so double check 
-- before printing it as a string.
integer c
bool backtick = (enquote='q')
--sequence bsi = {}
sequence bsi = repeat(0,0)
    for i=length(x) to 1 by -1 do
        c = x[i]
--31/1/15:
--      if c<' ' then
--      if c<' ' or c>#FF or find(c,"\\\"\'") then
        if c='\\' or c='\"'or c='\'' then
            if backtick then
                bsi &= i
            else
                x[i..i] = '\\'&c    -- NB does not work on RDS Eu/OpenEuphoria
            end if
        elsif c<' ' or c>#FF then
--          c = find(c,"\t\n\r")
--          c = find(c,"\t\n\r\\\"\'\0\e")
            if c='\t' then c='t'
            elsif c='\n' then c='n'
            elsif c='\r' then c='r'
            elsif c='\0' then c='0'
            elsif c='\e' then c='e'
            else
--DEV or crash?
                return 0
            end if
            if backtick then
                for j=1 to length(bsi) do   -- (still "last first", btw/iyswim)
                    integer k = bsi[j]
                    x[k..k] = '\\'&x[k]
                end for
                backtick = false
            end if
            x[i..i] = '\\'&c    -- NB does not work on RDS Eu/OpenEuphoria
        end if
    end for
--  if withquotes then
--  if backtick then
--  if backtick and enquote='q' and length(bsi)!=0 then
    if backtick and (prefer_backtick or length(bsi)!=0) then
        x = '`'&x&'`'
    else
        x = '"'&x&'"'
    end if
    return x
end function

string hexchar, dxoetc
sequence bases

--integer r_len = 0
bool unicode_align = false

--forward function sprint(object x, integer asCh=false, maxlen=-1, nest=0)

procedure init_2()
-- [DEV] technically this isn't thread safe... (code shown commented out should be enough, once those routines work)
    -- (uncommented 25/11/16)
    enter_cs()
    if not init2 then
--DEV make INF a builtin (like PI), ditto NAN:
--      inf = 1e300*1e300
        #ilASM{ fld1
                fldz
                fdivp
            [32]
                lea edi,[inf]
            [64]
                lea rdi,[inf]
            []
                call :%pStoreFlt }

        -- Erm, this one is a bit bizarre...
        -- On the one hand it seems RDS Eu does not support nan properly, but then it somehow does...
        -- If you try testing for nan, it seems to go all pear-shaped, but avoiding the tests
        --  seems to make it happy again, and yet print "nan" and "inf" like a good little boy...
        -- Of course, you shouldn't be using this code on RDS Eu anyway.
        --
--/**/  nan = -(inf/inf)        --/* Phix
        nan = 3.245673689e243   --   RDS --*/

        bases = {10,16,8,2}
--      hexchar = "0123456789ABCDEFabcdef"
--      hexchar = tagset('9','0') & tagset('Z','A') & tagset('z','a')
        hexchar = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
--  ?hexchar
--  ?hexchar[1+10]&""       -- 'A'
--  ?hexchar[1+10+26]&""    -- 'a'

--      dxoetc = "dxobscvefgEXG"
--      dxoetc = "dxobstncvVefgEXG"
        dxoetc = "dxobstncvVRefgEXG"
        init2 = 1
    end if
    leave_cs()
end procedure

local function toRoman(integer n, bool lowercase)
    assert(n>=1 and n<=3999,"roman numerals must be 1..3999",4)
    string res = ""
    integer idx = 1, -- (..7, to "MDCLXVI")
             rn = 1000, -- 500,100,50,10,5,1
          tenth =  100  -- 100, 10,10, 1,1,0
    while n>0 do
        while n>=rn do
            res &= "MDCLXVI"[idx];
            n -= rn;
        end while
        if n+tenth>=rn then
            res &= "CXI"[floor((idx+1)/2)];
            n += tenth -- above loop once more
        elsif n then
            idx += 1;
            rn /= iff(odd(idx)?5:2);
--(sip, untested:)
--          if odd(idx) then tenth = floor(rn/10) end if
            if odd(idx) then tenth = rn/10 end if
        end if
    end while
    if lowercase then res = lower(res) end if
    return res
end function

--without trace
local function sprintf_(sequence fmt, object args)
integer i, fi, fidx
integer nxt
string result, r1
object o, oj
atom work
integer base, sgn, r1len, hc
bool lowerHex
--?result   --DOH, infinite loop! (use puts(1,<string>) instead!)
integer zerofill
integer leftjustify
integer centre
integer showplus
integer showcommas
integer enquote
integer blankTZ
integer minfieldwidth
--      minfieldwidth = 0
integer precision
--      precision = 0
integer tmp

    if not init2 then init_2() end if
    nxt = 1
--  result = ""
    result = repeat(' ',0)
    i = 1
    while i<=length(fmt) do
        fi = fmt[i]
        if fi='%' then
            i += 1
            if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
            fi = fmt[i]
            if fi='%' then
                result &= '%'
            else
                zerofill = 0
                leftjustify = 0
                centre = 0
                showplus = 0
                showcommas = 0
                enquote = 0
                if fi='[' then
                    integer e = find(']',fmt,i+1)
                    if e=0 then
                        crash("missing ] in format string",{},3)
                    end if
                    nxt = to_integer(fmt[i+1..e-1])
                    if nxt=0 then
                        crash("[%s] is 0 or not a number",{fmt[i+1..e-1]},3)
                    end if
                    i = e+1
                    if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                    fi = fmt[i]
                end if
                -- Note that -=| are mutually exclusive, and cannot co-exist with 0. 
                -- Likewise 0 and + are also mutually exclusive, however a + can
                -- co-exist with -=| as long as it is specified first, and , can be
                -- used in combination with any, as long as it is specified last.
                if fi='0' then
                    zerofill = 1
                    i += 1
                else
--                  if fi='+' then
                    if fi='+' or fi='_' then
--                      showplus = 1
                        showplus = iff(fi='+'?'+':' ')
                        i += 1
                        if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                        fi = fmt[i]
                    end if
                    if fi='-' then
                        leftjustify = 1
                        i += 1
                    elsif fi='=' then
                        centre = 1
                        i += 1
                    elsif fi='|' then
                        centre = 2
                        i += 1
                    end if
                end if
                if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                fi = fmt[i]
                if fi=',' then
                    showcommas = 3
                    i+=1
                end if
                if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                minfieldwidth = 0
                while 1 do
                    fi = fmt[i]
                    if fi<'0' or fi>'9' then exit end if
                    minfieldwidth = minfieldwidth*10 + (fi-'0')
                    i += 1
                    if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                end while
                precision = -1
                if fi='.' then
                    i += 1
                    if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                    precision = 0
                    while 1 do
                        fi = fmt[i]
                        if fi<'0' or fi>'9' then exit end if
                        precision = precision*10 + (fi-'0')
                        i += 1
                        if i>length(fmt) then ueofmt() end if
                    end while
                end if

                lowerHex = false
                -- 23/2/10 'b' added
                -- 12/1/19 'v' added
                -- 11/12/19 't' added
                -- 16/11/20 'q' and 'Q' added
                -- 22/05/21 'a' and 'A' added
                -- 10/08/22 'F' added
                -- 08/02/24 'r', 'R' added
                blankTZ = false
                if fi='a' or fi='A' then
                    lowerHex = fi='a'
                    fidx = 0
                    bool bBad = atom(args) or nxt>length(args)
                    if not bBad then
                        o = args[nxt]
                        bBad = atom(o) or length(o)!=2 or not integer(o[1]) or not atom(o[2])
                        if not bBad then
                            {base,work} = o
                            bBad = base<2 or base>iff(lowerHex?36:62)
                        end if
                    end if
                    if bBad then
                        crash("%%%c requires {base,num}",fi,3)
                    end if
                else

                    if fi='q' or fi='Q' then
                        enquote = fi
                        fi = 's'
                    elsif fi='F' then
                        blankTZ = true
                        fi = 'f'
                    elsif fi='r' then
                        lowerHex = true -- (repurposed here)
                        fi = 'R'
                    end if
--                  fidx = find(fi,"dxobstcvefgEXG")
--                  fidx = find(fi,"dxobstncvefgEXG")
                    fidx = find(fi,dxoetc)
--                  fidx = 0
--                  for dx=1 to length(dxoetc) do
--                      if fi=dxoetc[dx] then
--                          fidx = dx
--                          exit
--                      end if
--                  end for
                    if fi='X' then
                        --
                        -- Yup, I know it's a wee bit confusing, but for compatibility
                        --  reasons, %x is upper case hex and %X is lower case hex!
                        -- Assuming any objections from the backwards compatibility crowd 
                        --  are drowned out by many more from the logical behaviour crowd,
                        --  set lowerHex to 1/0 rather than the 0/1 it is now.
                        --
                        lowerHex = true
                        fidx = 2
                    end if

--                  if fidx=0
----                    or (showcommas and find(fi,"df")=0) then
--                  or (showcommas and fi!='d' and fi!='f') then
--                      badfmt()
--                  end if
                    if fidx=0 then
                        crash("unknown specifier:%c",fi,3)
                    elsif showcommas and fi!='d' and fi!='f' then
                        crash("comma fill not supported on %c",fi,3)
                    end if

                    if not atom(args) and nxt>length(args) then
----/**/                    #ilASM{
----!/**/                   [32]
----/**/                            mov al,70                           -- Phix
----!/**/                       xor edi,edi         -- ep1 unused   -- Phix
----!/**/                       xor esi,esi         -- ep2 unused   -- Phix
----!/**/                   [64]
----!/**/                       call :%pRTErn }     -- fatal error  -- Phix
----/**/                            mov ecx,2                           -- Phix
----/**/                            jmp :!fatalN                        -- Phix
----/**/                            int3 }                              -- Phix
----/**/                                                    --/*    -- Phix
--                      puts(1,"insufficient values for sprintf\n") -- RDS
--                      if getc(0) then end if                      -- RDS
--                      abort(1)                                    -- RDS --*/
                        crash("insufficient values for [s]printf",{},3)
                    end if
                end if
                if fidx<=4 then -- aA(0, work set), dxob (1..4)
                    if fidx!=0 then
                        base = bases[fidx]  --{10,16,8,2}
                        o = args
                        work = 0
                        if atom(o) then
                            if o!=nan and o!=-nan and o!=inf and o!=-inf then
                                work = floor(o)
                            end if
                        else
                            o = args[nxt]
                            if atom(o) then
                                if o!=nan and o!=-nan and o!=inf and o!=-inf then
                                    work = floor(o)
                                end if
                            else
                                o = 0
                            end if
                        end if
                    end if
                    if work then
                        sgn = 0
                        if work<0 then
                            sgn = 1
                            if base=10 then
                                work = 0-work
                            else
--DEV (found this(/64-bit version) commented out 23/7/19, no idea why... putting it back fixed my issue)
if machine_bits()=64 then
                                work = and_bits(work,#7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)+#8000000000000000
else
                                work = and_bits(work,#7FFFFFFF)+#80000000
end if
                            end if
                        end if
--                      r1 = ""
                        r1 = repeat(' ',0)
--1/11/22: (print powers of 2 exactly, by avoiding discrepancies that creep in for /10 when work>2^75, but don't for /2)
                        bool bViaBase2 = (base=10 and 
                                          work>37778931862957161709568 and -- (power(2,75), btw)
                                          count_bits(work)=1)
                        if bViaBase2 then base = 2 end if
                        while work do
                            -- NB: The result of prepend is always a sequence, 
                            --      for performance reasons. Hence use append 
                            --      to build it backwards, then reverse it.
                            hc = floor(remainder(work,base)+1)
--20/3/2013:
--                          if hc=0 then exit end if
                            if lowerHex and hc>10 then
--                              hc += 6
                                hc += 26
                            end if
                            if not bViaBase2 
                            and showcommas 
                            and showcommas=length(r1) then
                                r1 = append(r1,',')
                                showcommas += 4
                            end if
                            r1 = append(r1,hexchar[hc])
                            -- this is ok, ^ , hexchar[] is equally valid for 
                            --  base 16/10/8/2 (just less chars get used).
                            work = floor(work/base)
                        end while
                        if bViaBase2 then
                            -- convert r1 to base 10, from base 2
                            sequence d2 = sq_sub(reverse(r1),'0')
                            r1 = ""
                            while length(d2) do
                                integer d2r = 0
                                for d2i,d2digit in d2 do
                                    d2r = d2r*2+d2digit
                                    d2[d2i] = floor(d2r/10)
                                    d2r = rmdr(d2r,10)
                                end for
                                r1 &= d2r+'0'
                                if showcommas and showcommas=length(r1) then
                                    r1 = append(r1,',')
                                    showcommas += 4
                                end if
                                d2 = trim_head(d2,0)
                            end while
                            base = 10
                        end if
                        if sgn then
                            if base=10 then
                                r1 = append(r1,'-')
                            elsif minfieldwidth>length(r1) then
                                r1 &= repeat(hexchar[base],minfieldwidth-length(r1))
                            end if
                        elsif showplus then
                            if base=10 then
--                              r1 = append(r1,'+')
                                r1 = append(r1,showplus)
                            elsif minfieldwidth>length(r1) then
                                r1 &= repeat('0',minfieldwidth-length(r1))
                            end if
                        end if
                        r1len = length(r1)
                        -- as promised, reverse it:
                        for j=1 to r1len do     -- stops at mid-point[-1]
                            if j>=r1len then exit end if
                            tmp = r1[j]
                            r1[j] = r1[r1len]
                            r1[r1len] = tmp
                            r1len -= 1
                        end for
                    else
--DEV not thread safe:
                        if o=nan then
--                          r1 = "nan"
                            r1 = Nan()
                        elsif o=-nan then
--                          r1 = "-nan"
                            r1 = '-'&Nan()
                        elsif o=inf then
--                          r1 = "inf"
                            r1 = Inf()
                        else
--                          r1 = "0"
                            r1 = repeat('0',1)
                        end if
                    end if
--              elsif fidx<=10 then -- one of "stncvV"
                elsif fidx<=11 then -- one of "stncvVR"
                    if showplus then
                        crash("show plus not supported on %c",fi,3)
                    end if
                    if atom(args) then
                        o = args
--12/9/15:
--                  elsif useFlatString(args,nxt,fmt,i) then
--12/1/19:
--                  elsif fidx!=6 and useFlatString(args,nxt,fmt,i) then -- (not %c (ie %s) and useFlat..)
                    elsif fi='s' and useFlatString(args,nxt,fmt,i) then -- (not %c (ie %s) and useFlat..)
                        o = args
                        args = {}
                    else
                        o = args[nxt]
                    end if
--14/01/2022 %v and %V flipped
                    if fi='v' then
                        o = sprint(o,-1)
                    elsif fi='V' then
                        o = sprint(o)
                        -- aside: in the following if construct, only the  
                        -- last (ie precision) branch is relevant to %v.
                    elsif fi='R' then
                        o = toRoman(o,lowerHex)
                    elsif fi='t' then
                        o = iff(o?"true":"false")
                    elsif fi='n' then
                        o = iff(o?"\n":"")
                    elsif enquote then
                        o = allascii(o,enquote)
                    end if
                    if atom(o) then
--                      r1 = " "
                        r1 = repeat(' ',1)
                        r1[1] = and_bits(#FF,o) -- (nb: keeps r1 a string)
--                  elsif fidx=6 then -- 'c'
                    elsif fi='c' then
--/**/                  #ilASM{ mov al,76                           -- Phix
--!/**/                         xor edi,edi         -- ep1 unused   -- Phix
--!/**/                         xor esi,esi         -- ep2 unused   -- Phix
--!/**/                         call :%pRTErn }     -- fatal error  -- Phix
--/**/                          mov ecx,2                           -- Phix
--/**/                          jmp :!fatalN                        -- Phix
--/**/                          int3 }                              -- Phix
--/**/                                                      --/*    -- Phix
                        puts(1,"%c requires an atom value\n")       -- RDS
                        if getc(0) then end if                      -- RDS
                        abort(1)                                    -- RDS --*/
                    elsif not string(o) then
                        if precision!=-1 and precision<length(o) then
                            r1 = repeat(' ',precision)
                        else
                            r1 = repeat(' ',length(o))
                        end if
                        for j=1 to length(r1) do
                            oj = o[j]
                            if not integer(oj) then
--                          if not integer(oj) or oj<#07 or oj>#FF then
--/**/                          #ilASM{ mov al,65                               -- Phix
--!/**/                                 xor edi,edi         -- ep1 unused       -- Phix
--!/**/                                 xor esi,esi         -- ep2 unused       -- Phix
--!/**/                                 call :%pRTErn }     -- fatal error      -- Phix
--/**/                                  mov ecx,2                               -- Phix
--/**/                                  jmp :!fatalN                            -- Phix
--/**/                                  int3 }                                  -- Phix
--/**/                                                                  --/*    -- Phix
                                puts(1,"sequence found in character string\n")  -- RDS
                                if getc(0) then end if                          -- RDS
                                abort(1)                                        -- RDS --*/
                            end if
--                          r1[j] = oj
                            r1[j] = and_bits(oj,#FF)
                        end for
                    elsif precision!=-1 and precision<length(o) then
                        r1 = o[1..precision]
                    else
                        r1 = o
                    end if
                else    -- efg/EG
                    if atom(args) then
                        o = args
                    else
                        o = args[nxt]
                        if not atom(o) then
                            o = 0
                        end if
                    end if
                    if precision=-1 then
                        precision = 6
-- 1/11/22 (print fractional powers of 2 exactly, and this lot moved after o is set)
                    elsif count_bits(o)!=1 then
                        if precision>20 then
                            crash("floating point precision may not exceed 20",{},3)
                        elsif machine_bits()=32
                          and precision>16 then
                            precision = 16
                        end if
                    end if
--1/11/22: (print powers of 2 exactly, with above 2^-1074 to 2^1024 [on 32 bit, >on 64-bit??])
--                  if fi='f' and o>37778931862957161709568 and count_bits(o)=1 then
                    if fi='f' 
                    and atom_to_float64(o)[$]!=127 -- not [+/-]nan/inf
                    and o>37778931862957161709568 
-- sug/untested, see docs/Helping Hands/printf(2^i)
--                  and (o>37778931862957161709568 or o<1e-22)
                    and count_bits(o)=1 then
                        sequence d2 = {}
                        while o do
                            d2 = prepend(d2,rmdr(o,2))
                            o = floor(o/2)
                        end while
                        r1 = ""
                        while length(d2) do
                            integer d2r = 0
                            for d2i,d2digit in d2 do
                                d2r = d2r*2+d2digit
                                d2[d2i] = floor(d2r/10)
                                d2r = rmdr(d2r,10)
                            end for
                            r1 &= d2r+'0'
                            d2 = trim_head(d2,0)
                        end while
                        r1 = reverse(r1)
                    else
                        r1 = sprintf2(o,fi,showplus,minfieldwidth,precision)
                    end if
                    if showcommas then -- ('f' only)
--19/09/2020 bugfix (caused by the introduction of %t)
--                      if fidx!=9 then badfmt() end if
--                      if fidx!=10 then badfmt() end if
--                      if fidx!=11 then badfmt() end if
--                      if fidx!=12 then 
-- 30/5/23 is not this just much easier? (untested)
                        if fi!='f' then 
                            crash("comma fill not supported on %c",fi,3)
                        end if
                        showcommas = find('.',r1)
                        if showcommas=0 then showcommas = length(r1)+1 end if
--19/09/2020 bugfix ("-999" -> "-,999")
--                      while showcommas>4 do
                        while showcommas>(4+(r1[1]='-')) do
                            showcommas -= 3
                            r1 = r1[1..showcommas-1]&','&r1[showcommas..length(r1)]
                        end while
                    end if
                    if blankTZ and find('.',r1) then
                        for r1dx=length(r1) to 1 by -1 do
                            integer r1ch = r1[r1dx]
                            if r1ch='0' or r1ch='.' then
                                r1[r1dx] = ' '
                            end if
                            if r1ch!='0' then exit end if
                        end for
                    end if
                end if
-- replaced 19/10/17:
--              minfieldwidth -= length(r1)
--              minfieldwidth -= length(utf8_to_utf32(r1))
--DEV/SUG:
--              minfieldwidth -= length(iff(r_len!=0?call_func(r_len,{r1}):r1))
                minfieldwidth -= length(iff(unicode_align?utf8_to_utf32(r1):r1))
                if minfieldwidth>0 then
-- 20/9/2020
--                  if zerofill then
                    if zerofill and find('-',r1)=0 then
                        r1 = repeat('0',minfieldwidth)&r1
                    elsif leftjustify then
                        r1 = r1&repeat(' ',minfieldwidth)
--DEV/SUG:
                    elsif centre then
                        integer mh = floor(minfieldwidth/2)
                        if centre=1 then    -- '=', split 3:4
                            r1 = repeat(' ',mh)&r1&repeat(' ',minfieldwidth-mh)
                        else                -- '|', split 4:3
                            r1 = repeat(' ',minfieldwidth-mh)&r1&repeat(' ',mh)
                        end if
                    else
                        r1 = repeat(' ',minfieldwidth)&r1
                    end if
                end if
                result &= r1
                nxt += 1
            end if
        else
--puts(1,"?{result,fi}\n")
--?{result,fi}
            result &= fi
--?result
        end if
        i += 1
    end while
--DEV this should be a warning??? (Interpret mode only!)
--  if not atom(args) and nxt<=length(args) then
----/**/    #ilASM{ mov al,105                              -- Phix
----!/**/           xor edi,edi         -- ep1 unused       -- Phix
----!/**/           xor esi,esi         -- ep2 unused       -- Phix
----/**/            call :%pRTErn }     -- fatal error      -- Phix
----/**/                                            --/*    -- Phix
--      puts(1,"not enough format strings to print data\n") -- RDS
--      if getc(0) then end if                              -- RDS
--      abort(1)                                            -- RDS --*/
--  end if
    return result
end function

procedure prntf(integer fn, sequence fmt, object args={})
    puts(fn,sprintf_(fmt,args))
end procedure

--trace(1)
prntf(1, "%e\n", 12)
printf(1, "%e\n", 12)

include mpfr.e
mpq qq = mpq_init("989/1000")
?mpq_get_str(qq)

--with trace
--
--include builtins\structs.e
--abstract 
--struct person
class person --nullable
--extends struct    -- [borken(GOOD)]
--extends sequence  -- OK, in the simplest of cases, but needs **lots** of testing!
--DEV erm, private/public should behave as toggles... [YEP, docs updated]
public:
  string name := "boores"
--  public string name = "boores"
--  atom age = 1.113
    public atom age = 1.113
--private: string prv = "this be private"
--/*
--works, but undocumented... (constructor)
--X  procedure person(person this, string name, atom age)
  procedure person(string name="", atom age=0)
--  procedure person(string name="", atom age=this.age)     -- NO... (erm/doh: name[1] would be illegal too)
    -- constructor (optional)
?{"constructor",this,name,age}
    this.name = name&"<<X"
    this.age = age+0.00001
  end procedure
--*/
--/*
  procedure ~person(person this)
    -- destructor (optional)
  end procedure
  procedure xyz();
--*/
--X procedure show(person this) ?{"this.age",this.age} end procedure
--  private 
  procedure show() ?{"this.age",this.age,this.name,"(WOW)"} end procedure               -- WOW WOW WOW WOW!
--public:
--  procedure show() this.prv = "this be really private" ?{"this.age",this.age,this.prv,this.name} end procedure    -- good!
--  function get_age(person this) return this.age*3 end function
  function get_age() return this.age end function
  function get_age2() age=77 return age end function
--  procedure foo;
  procedure foo();
--end struct
end class
--/*
--AHEM, I am now thinking NO: define them within the struct, or not at all...
--Alt: define an int in the struct, then set_field_default(string struct_name, field_name, object v), 
--                                ie/eg: set_field_default("person", "xyz", routine_id("xyy"))
--  - of course you should take care to invoke all such set_field_default() //before// any new(),
--    and I suppose, if you like, you //could// change such defaults before each and every new().
--procedure person.person(person this)
--procedure person.~person(person this)
procedure person.xyz()
    ?"person.xyz()"
end procedure
--*/
--/*
Hmm:
type Shape =
  abstract Perimeter: unit -> float
  abstract Area: unit -> float
 
type Circle(radius) =
  interface Shape with
    member x.Perimeter() = 2.0 * radius * Math.PI
    member x.Area() = Math.PI * radius**2.0
 
type Rectangle(width, height) =
  interface Shape with
    member x.Perimeter() = 2.0 * width + 2.0 * height
    member x.Area() = width * height
--*/
--/!*
--string s = "person"
--person p = new(s)
--person p = new("person")
--person p = new()
person q
person p = new({"boris",5})
?{"struct(p)",struct(p)}
q = p
--q = NULL  -- only valid for nullable class - YEAH!
--with trace
--trace(1)
--integer isr = is_struct(null,routine_id("person"))
--?{"is_struct(NULL,r_person)",isr}
?p.name
?p.age
--?p.prv
--p.prv = "this not be private"
--?p.aege
--p.age = "oops" -- error
?p
--?get_struct_fields(p)
--p.show(p) -- wow!! (but the p should be defaulted)
p.show()    -- wow!!
--good:
--procedure foo(person this)
--  ?{"foo",this}
--end procedure
--p.foo = routine_id("foo")
--p.foo()
--?"WOW"
--?p.get_age(p)
?p.get_age()
?"age2:"
?p.get_age2()
--/!*
if length(p.name)>=2 then
    ?p.name[1]&""
    ?p.name[1..2]
end if
--/!*
p.age = 5
?p.age
?p
?p["age"] --OK
--{p.age} = {4} -- good: was "unsupported (S_SEQUENCE)", now "localsubscripts=T_store_field"
?p.age
?p
--*!/
--/!*
struct employee extends person
    string employee_number = "007"
--fine:
--  procedure foo()
--      ?{"foo-e",this}
--  end procedure
end struct
employee e = new()
?e
?e.age
?e.employee_number
?e.employee_number&"<<<"    -- good!
?e.name
--e.foo() -- fine!
--e.name = upper(e.name) -- good!
?e.name[1..2] -- OK!!
--broken: [see --DEV (need to fetch/modify/store)\n  Aborp("not yet supported")  in pmain.e/Assignment()]
--e.name[1] = upper(e.name[1])
--/!*
integer CH = upper(e.name[1])  -- OK
string n = e.name
--integer CH = upper(n[1])
n[1] = CH
e.name = n          -- OK
--e.name[1] = CH    -- not yet supported... (ditto)
--*!/
?e.name

--e = p             -- fails - as it should!
--with trace
--trace(1)
--DEV more work rqd!! [DONE]
--integer bR = person(p)    -- true
--integer bR = person(e)    -- true
--integer bR = employee(p)  -- false
--integer bR = employee(e)  -- true
--integer bR = struct(p)    -- true
--integer bR = struct(e)    -- true
--?9/0
--?{{{{bR}}}}
--integer bR = is_struct(e, routine_id("person"))
--p = e             -- fine
--struct szz := p   -- fine

class five
  public integer n = 5
  procedure show()
    printf(1,"show: n is %d\n",{this.n})
  end procedure
end class
five v = new()
?v.n
v.show()
--?{"class(v)",class(v),"struct(v)",struct(v),"five(v)",five(v),"person(v)",person(v)}
--embedded:

--      The dynamic keyword is optional when extending, ie "class flexy extends flex", "class flexy dynamic extends flex", and
--      "class flexy extends flex dynamic", are all treated identically.<br>

--c structs:
?"c_structz"
struct rect """
typedef struct _RECT {
                      LONG left;
                      LONG top;
                      LONG right;
                      LONG bottom;
                    } RECT, *PRECT;
"""
end struct
rect r = new()
?r          -- good (aside: pMem is ".0"'d as it is delete_routine'd)
?r.left
r.left=4
?r.left     -- good!
?r["left"]  -- good!

--struct s = r
--class s = r
--?{class(s),struct(s)} -- good (ple*2)
--?struct_flags(e)  -- 0
--?struct_flags(e, true)    -- "", as in the mt string, oh yeah, not abstract and not nullable...
--?struct_flags("person",true) -- "S_ABSTRACT" (when it is)
--*!/

--?9/0
--Needs: T_fetch_struct_field, T_store_field.
--DONE: T_new, T_start_struct, T_add_struct_field(sp), T_end_struct
--*!/

sequence a = {1},
         b = a
struct mystruct
    integer i = 1
end struct
mystruct s = new(),
         t = s
b[1] := 2       -- (creates clone)
t.i := 2        -- (changes both)
?{a[1],b[1]}    -- {1,2}
?{s.i,t.i}      -- {2,2}
t.i += 1
?{s.i,t.i}      -- {3,3}


--good:
--struct a1,b1;
--struct c1;
--struct d1;
--{a1,b1,c1,d1} @= s
--?{a1,b1,c1,d1}

--/*
A sanitised debug... [DEV make me some routines to dump all this ...]
C:\Program Files (x86)\Phix\t01.exw:104
attempt to divide by 0

Global & Local Variables

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Phix\builtins\dict.e:
--enum KEY,DATA,LEFT,HEIGHT,RIGHT
    trees[1] = {}
    trees[2][1..5] = {`struct`,1,0,1,0}
    trees[2][6..10] = {`sequence`,2,36,3,41}
    trees[2][11..15] = {1,0,0,1,0}
    trees[2][16..20] = {3,0,11,2,0}
    trees[2][21..25] = {8,``,16,3,26}
    trees[2][26..30] = {12,{},0,1,0}
    trees[2][31..35] = {15,0,21,4,51}
    trees[2][36..40] = {`person`,3,0,1,0}
    trees[2][41..45] = {{`struct`,955},3,1,2,76}
    trees[2][46..50] = {{3,`name`},1,31,5,71}
    trees[2][51..55] = {{3,`age`},2,66,3,61}
    trees[2][56..60] = {{3,`show`},3,0,1,0}
    trees[2][61..65] = {{3,`get_age`},4,0,1,0}
    trees[2][66..70] = {955,{`boores`,1.113,964,972},0,2,106}
    trees[2][71..75] = {`employee`,4,96,4,6}
    trees[2][76..80] = {{`struct`,2710},4,0,1,0}
    trees[2][81..85] = {{4,`name`},1,0,2,91}
    trees[2][86..90] = {{4,`age`},2,56,2,101}
    trees[2][91..95] = {{4,`show`},3,0,1,0}
    trees[2][96..100] = {{4,`get_age`},4,86,3,81}
    trees[2][101..105] = {{4,`employee_number`},5,0,1,0}
    trees[2][106..110] = {2710,{`boores`,1.113,964,972,`007`},0,1,0}
    treenames = {`1`,``}
    roots = {0,46'.'}
    sizes = {0,22}
    defaults = {0,0}
    freelists = {0,0}
    free_trees = 0
    initd = 1

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Phix\builtins\structs.e:
--enum S_NAME, S_TID, S_FLAGS, S_SDX, S_BDX, S_FIELDS, S_DEFAULT -- (for use on definitions)
    structs[1] = {`struct`,   408,#13,1,0,{},{}}
    structs[2] = {`sequence`, 408, #5,2,0,{},{}}
    structs[3] = {`person`,   955, #1,3,0,{{`name`,8},{`age`,3},{`show`,1},{`get_age`,1}},{`boores`,1.113,964,972}}
    structs[4] = {`employee`,2710, #1,4,3,{{`name`,8},{`age`,3},{`show`,1},{`get_age`,1},{`employee_number`,8}},{`boores`,1.113,964,972,`007`}}
    instances = {0,0,{0,{{`boores`,5,964,972}}},
                     {0,{{`Boores`,1.113,964,972,`007`}}}}
    vtable = 2
    sdx = 0

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Phix\t01.exw:
    p = {`struct`,`person`,3,1}
    e = {`struct`,`employee`,4,1}
    n = `Boores`
    CH = 66'B'
    bR = 0
    r = <novalue>
--*/