diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-cpp-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/conda-cpp-tests.yaml
index 9794b868..d14d8c19 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-cpp-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-cpp-tests.yaml
@@ -68,19 +68,19 @@ jobs:
           export MATRICES="
             pull-request:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               # arm64
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
             nightly:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               # arm64
-              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
+              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.2.2', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-python-build.yaml b/.github/workflows/conda-python-build.yaml
index 3fe1abcd..14348a6e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-python-build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-python-build.yaml
@@ -58,15 +58,11 @@ jobs:
           #
           export MATRIX="
           # amd64
-          - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
-          - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           # arm64
-          - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
-          - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04' }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-python-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/conda-python-tests.yaml
index 53ff2844..78862048 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-python-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-python-tests.yaml
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@ jobs:
           export MATRICES="
             pull-request:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               # arm64
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
             nightly:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'earliest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'v100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               # arm64
-              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
+              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.4.3', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.2.2', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8', GPU: 'a100', DRIVER: 'latest'   }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels-build.yaml b/.github/workflows/wheels-build.yaml
index a0b3bab1..382bdc11 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels-build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels-build.yaml
@@ -82,15 +82,11 @@ jobs:
           #
           export MATRIX="
           # amd64
-          - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
-          - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           # arm64
-          - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
-          - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
           - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'rockylinux8' }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels-test.yaml b/.github/workflows/wheels-test.yaml
index 411fcd9d..1af7a98e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels-test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels-test.yaml
@@ -80,19 +80,19 @@ jobs:
           export MATRICES="
             pull-request:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               # arm64
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }
             nightly:
               # amd64
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
-              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'amd64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'v100', driver: 'latest' }
               # arm64
-              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.9',  CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }
+              - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.0.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu20.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.10', CUDA_VER: '12.5.1', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }
               - { ARCH: 'arm64', PY_VER: '3.11', CUDA_VER: '11.8.0', LINUX_VER: 'ubuntu22.04', gpu: 'a100', driver: 'latest' }