[[Git]] Basics

#git

Getting a Git Repository

git init: Create a new .git directory with all repository files.
git clone <url>: Clone an entire repository to the local system to create the working tree.

git status: Check status of files in working tree.
git add: Track new files / stage modified files.
git diff (git difftool for graphical): Check changes that have not been staged.
git diff --staged or git diff --cached (git difftool --staged for graphical): Compare staged changes to last commit.
git commit: Commit all staged files.
git commit --amend: Replace previous commit to include minor changes.
git rm <file>: Remove and stage the file's removal. File will be gone after next commit and no longer tracked.
git mv <file> <new_file>: Convenience function for renaming files and staging the renamed file.

git log: View commit history. Has a wide range of options to narrow down author, date range, output formats, graph mode, etc.

git remote: Show list of all remotes.
git remote add <name> <URL>: Add a new remote repository from the URL to your working tree and give it a name.
git remote show <remote>: Show additional information about remote repository.
git remote remove <remote>: Remove remote
git remote rename <remote>: Rename remote
git fetch <remote>: Get all data from the remote project not already in working tree. Does not merge automatically.
git push <origin> <branch>: Push any commits to the remote repository.
git pull

git tag: List existing tags
git tag -a <tagname>: Create an annotated tag. Other option is to create a lightweight tag. Annotated tags are preferable since they contain additional information--checksum, tagger name, email, date, message, and can be signed with GNU Privacy Guard.
git push <remote> <tagname> or git push <remote> --tags: To push tags to the remote. Tags are not pushed automatically.
git tag -d <tagname>: Delete tag in local repository.
git push <remote> --delete <tagname>: Delete tag from remote server
git checkout -b <branchname> <tagname>: To checkout a tag, first create a branch and then checkout the tag.