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My custom Ubuntu live system

Aim of this project is to build a fully remote accessible Ubuntu live system, that commes with various tools preinstalled for fixing, cloning and testing computers

Key features when booted

  • remote access via SSH, Samba, Gnome Remote Desktop (GRD)
  • custom packages installed
  • unique hostname based on the last octet, e.g. "ubuntu-live-ip-123" in case of IP "192.168.1.123"
  • changed to my countries common keyboard layout as default

Prerequisites

Creation steps

  • launch cubic and select a working directory, click next
  • select the ISO file, maybe modify other options, click next
  • make changes to the virtual environment
# make universe repo available
apt-add-repository universe
apt update

# install all desired tools
# common tools
apt install vim git open-vm-tools
# performance tools
apt install pv sysstat iotop htop bashtop 
# network tools
apt install ethtool tcptrack nmon nethogs bmon slurm
# disk-tools
apt install dislocker net-tools nfs-common nvme-cli smartmontools     
# add external repositories with needed tools
apt-add-repository ppa:tomtomtom/woeusb
apt install woeusb-frontend-wxgtk woeusb

# fix the Ubuntu 22.04 live bug, where network access with dhcp does not work out of the box
# this is a hardcoded fix, I did not investigate deeper to make a propper change
vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
vi /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

# set "de_DE.UTF-8" as default locale
update-locale LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
update-locale LC_MESSAGES=de_DE.UTF-8
update-locale LC_ALL=de_DE.UTF-8

# Install an configure Samba to copy files from or to the live system
apt install samba
vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
systemctl enable smbd.service
systemctl start smbd.service
smbpasswd -a -n ubuntu        # use a simple password like "ubuntu"

# Install wsdd2 to make the live system show up via neighbor discovery
apt install wsdd2
systemctl enable wsdd2.service

# Install and configure openssh-server to make the live system accessible through ssh
apt install openssh-server
systemctl enable sshd.service
# the ubuntu user account does not have a password, therefore set
# "PermitEmptyPasswords yes" in:
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# in case this image gets booted inside a virtual machine
apt install open-vm-tools
systemctl status open-vm-tools.service
systemctl enable open-vm-tools.service

# create a systemd service file to execute custom scripts
vim /etc/systemd/system/ubuntu-live-custom.service
# create the custom script
vim /etc/ubuntu-live-custom.sh
chmod +x /etc/ubuntu-live-custom.sh

# Enable Ubuntu's Gnome remote desktop (GRD) feature and configure it
# !! This section was copied from history and needs rework and explanations !!
# Enroll self-signed certificate for RDP's encryption
export GRDCERTDIR=/etc/skel/.cert
mkdir -p ${GRDCERTDIR}
openssl genrsa -out ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.key 4096
openssl req -new -key ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.key -out ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.csr -subj "/C=DE/ST=Private/L=Home/O=Family/OU=IT Department/CN=ubuntu-live"
openssl x509 -req -days 100000 -signkey ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.key -in ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.csr -out ${GRDCERTDIR}/grd-tls.crt
# create a configuration script for which will be run at everytime the live system is booted
cd /etc/skel
mkdir -m 700 -p .local/bin
vim .local/bin/configure-grd.sh
# make this script run as systemd user service
cat  /usr/lib/systemd/user/configure-grd.service
cd .config/systemd/user/gnome-session.target.wants/
ln -sf /usr/lib/systemd/user/configure-grd.service
ln -sf /usr/lib/systemd/user/configure-gnome.service
# create keyring files, which store the credentials that allow access to GRD
mkdir -p /etc/skel/.local/share/keyrings
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/keyrings
chmod -R og-rwx .
chmod -x Default_keyring.keyring default 
chmod go+r Default_keyring.keyring default 
chmod g+w Default_keyring.keyring default 
chmod 600 Default_keyring.keyring
# GRD does not allow connections to locked screens, as a workaround we can install an extension:
mkdir -m 700 /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell
mkdir -m 775 /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/extentions
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/extentions
# download the extension
unzip /root/allowlockedremotedesktopkamens.us.v9.shell-extension.zip 
mkdir allowlockedremotedesktop@kamens.us
mv * allowlockedremotedesktop@kamens.us/
ll allowlockedremotedesktop@kamens.us/
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/extentions
gnome-extensions install allowlockedremotedesktopkamens.us.v9.shell-extension.zip 
gnome-extensions list
find /usr/ -name \*allowlockedremotedesktop\*
mv ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/allowlockedremotedesktop@kamens.us /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/
cd /etc/skel/.local/share/gnome-shell/
mv extentions/ extensions/
# I do not remember, why these steps are nescessary
vim /etc/dconf/profile/user
mkdir -p /etc/dconf/db/local.d/
touch /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-extensions
gnome-extensions list
vim /etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-extensions
dconf update
# Added tor to the live system
apt install apt-transport-https
cd /tmp/
wget https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/pool/main/d/deb.torproject.org-keyring/deb.torproject.org-keyring_2022.04.27.1_all.deb
apt install ./deb.torproject.org-keyring_2022.04.27.1_all.deb
sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/deb.torproject.org-keyring.gpg] https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org $(lsb_release -sc) main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tor-project.list'
apt update
apt install tor
systemctl disable tor # Disable it by default, so only launch when needed
wget https://dist.torproject.org/torbrowser/13.0.14/tor-browser-linux-x86_64-13.0.14.tar.xz
cd /opt/
tar xf /tmp/tor-browser-linux-x86_64-13.0.14.tar.xz
  • when finished modifying the image using the root shell, click next
  • manually select/deselect packages, click next
  • select a kernel (most likely the highest one), click next
  • choose a compression method, click next
  • let cubic do it's work, click finish

ToDo -> Implementation

  • add smb share to /media
[media]
   path = /media/ubuntu
   comment = Media Directory
   browseable = yes
   read only = no
   create mask = 0700
   directory mask = 0700
   guest ok = yes