323-Number-Of-Connected-Components-In-An-Undirected-Graph.cpp

/*
    Graph of n nodes, given edges array, return # of connected components
    Ex. n = 5, edges = [[0,1],[1,2],[3,4]] -> 2

    Union find, for each edge combine, if already in same set keep traversing
    If not in same set, decrement count by 1, count will store # of components

    Time: O(n)
    Space: O(n)
*/

class Solution {
public:
    int countComponents(int n, vector<vector<int>>& edges) {
        vector<int> parents;
        vector<int> ranks;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            parents.push_back(i);
            ranks.push_back(1);
        }
        
        int result = n;
        for (int i = 0; i < edges.size(); i++) {
            int n1 = edges[i][0];
            int n2 = edges[i][1];
            result -= doUnion(parents, ranks, n1, n2);
        }
        return result;
    }
private:
    int doFind(vector<int>& parents, int n) {
        int p = parents[n];
        while (p != parents[p]) {
            parents[p] = parents[parents[p]];
            p = parents[p];
        }
        return p;
    }
    
    int doUnion(vector<int>& parents, vector<int>& ranks, int n1, int n2) {
        int p1 = doFind(parents, n1);
        int p2 = doFind(parents, n2);
        if (p1 == p2) {
            return 0;
        }
        
        if (ranks[p1] > ranks[p2]) {
            parents[p2] = p1;
            ranks[p1] += ranks[p2];
        } else {
            parents[p1] = p2;
            ranks[p2] += ranks[p1];
        }
        
        return 1;
    }
};