property-manager

使得业务对象/类的属性更容易管理.

适用于需要围绕业务对象/类来维护管理数据的场合. 我们首先需要定义该业务对象有哪些数据类型.

能够快速对该业务对象的公开属性进行赋值,合并,导出(JsonObject)以及校验.

功能:

定义的属性可跟随业务类继承
业务对象/类赋值属性从纯对象(JSON Object).
克隆业务对象.
比较业务对象是否相同(所有属性值相同).
导出属性到纯对象(JSON Object).
定义/声明属性类型及默认值
- 支持 arrayOf 带类型的数组类型
- 支持模板属性template(属性值由模板内容确定):
  - template {string | (this) => string}:
    - 字符串(模板), 如, '${author}-${uuid()}'
    - 或模板函数, 如, function() {return this.author + '-' + uuid()}
  - 导入的函数供模板使用 imports: {Object} the optional functions could be used in the template string.
  - 注意: 默认模板属性为只读,不过也可以将它设置为可写. 一旦新值被写入后,模板就不再有用,除非新值是null或undefined

我们经常需要管理一个对象的属性，考虑以下几点：

创建业务对象时将选项设置为对象的属性
- var myObj = new MyObject({opt1:value1, opt2:value2})
赋值(设置)来自另一个对象的属性
- myObj.assign({opt1:v1, opt2:v2})
克隆业务对象(属性值完全相同):
- var newObj = myObj.clone()
通过分配的属性比较两个对象是否相同。
- myObj.isSame(anotherObj)
将属性导出为普通对象或 JSON，以便将来更轻松地重新创建对象。
- 有一些内部属性不应该被导出。
- 不应导出属性的空值或默认值。
- 应该导出并分配有意义的（非英语）名称。
- myObj.toObject() and myObj.toJSON()
- JSON.stringify(myObj)

Problem: 如何为对象属性赋值？
- replace the standard assignPropertyTo() method.
- define the attribute's assign(value, dest, src, name) method on the $attributes.
  - the custom attribute's assign the value. return the changed value.
Problem: 如何决定应该为也许对象中的哪些属性赋值或获取属性的默认值？
1. 在此对象上预先定义所有属性，即使值为 null。
  - 不支持默认值
2. 定义一个简单的 $attributes 属性来管理属性及默认值:
  - {attrName: {value:'defaultValue'}, ...}
3. 定义一个复杂的 $attributes（使用 Properties 类）来管理属性

所以我们有了相应的属性管理类：SimplePropertyManager、NormalPropertyManager 和 AdvancePropertyManager。

首先是属性规则:

导出的属性意味着它们是 JSON.stringify(aObj) 属性。
不可枚举的属性不能被导出(export)和赋值(assign)。
无法导出以"$"开头的可枚举属性,但可以被赋值(assign)。
undefined 值无法导出。
只读（可写writable为假）属性不能赋值。
属性的赋值顺序就是定义的属性的顺序。

你可以继承它

SimplePropertyManager: /lib/simple
- 直接使用对象的属性描述符。
- 所以不支持默认值。
- 不支持对象赋值钩子函数。
- 不支持有意义的（非英文）名称(别名)。
NormalPropertyManager: /lib/normal
- 使用 $attributes 普通对象来保存声明属性
- 支持默认值
- 支持对象赋值钩子函数
- 支持有意义的（非英文）名称(别名)
AdvancePropertyManager: /lib/advance
- 使用 $attributes 来保存声明属性
- $attributes 是 Properties 类的实例。
- 因此您可以自定义继承自的“Properties”类。
- 支持默认值
- 支持对象赋值钩子函数
- 支持有意义的（非英文）名称(别名)
- 如果可能，支持类型检查

$attributes 包含对象的所有属性（如属性描述符）,其中key 是属性名称。而value值是属性描述符对象.

属性描述符对象:

name (String): 要导出的非英文名称，默认为 key 名称。
value: 属性的默认值（如果存在）。默认为 undefined。
type (String): 属性的类型名称。默认为 undefined。
enumerable (Boolean): defaults to true
- 当且仅当该属性的 enumerable 键值为 true 时，该属性才会出现在对象的枚举属性中。
configurable (Boolean): defaults to true
- 当且仅当该属性的 configurable 键值为 true 时，该属性的描述符才能够被改变，同时该属性也能从对应的对象上被删除。
writable (Boolean): defaults to true
- 当且仅当该属性的 writable 键值为 true 时，属性的值，也就是上面的 value，才能被赋值运算符改变。
assign (Function(value, dest, src, name)): defaults to undefined.
- 自定义属性赋值函数。只需“返回”更改后的值。如果返回 undefined 就不要赋值
- 注意: 它只用于从另一个对象赋值时。
- 如果单独对属性赋值，则无效。请使用属性描述符 set 来做到这一点。
- 将其封装为智能赋值功能（仅支持 Advance Property Manager ）：
  - 自动添加带前缀的隐藏内部属性
  - 自动添加描述符 get 函数以读取属性
  - 自动添加描述符 set 函数来写入属性（调用 assign 描述符）
仅适用于 Normal 和 Advance Property Manager:
- assigned (Boolean): 是否属性可被赋值. defaults: undefined
  - 如果 undefined 那么是否可被赋值由此决定: enumerable isn't false and (writable isn't false or isFunction(set))
- 智能赋值支持(Smart Assign Support) 仅适用于 AdvancePropertyManager
  - assigned (Boolean|String): 当“assigned”值为字符串时启用智能赋值支持
  - 如果字符串值为空("")，那么它使用 nonExported1stChar+[name] 作为内部属性名称
  - 当字符串值非空,那么该assigned值作为内部属性名
  - 根据属性的可写性,自动创建对应的get/set描述符.
- exported (Boolean): 是否该属性可被导出. defaults: undefined
  - 如果 undefined 那么是否可被导出由此决定: enumerable isn't false and the first char isn't "$"
- alias (String|ArrayOf String): 该属性的别名. 用于从其它纯对象选项中赋值时
- clone (Boolean): 初始化时如果值为对象，是否克隆默认属性值。defaults to true.
- skipDefault (Boolean): 是否在导出的时候跳过默认值。defaults to true.

'$attributes': {
  'attrName': {
    name: 'exportedName',
    value: 123,
    enumerable: false,
    type: 'String',
    configurable: true,
    writable: true,
    assign: function(value, dest, src, name)
    get: ...,
    set: ....
  }
}

或者作为能力注入

当作为能力注入时,以下方法将被添加(或替换):

initialize(options) : overwrite this for assign options from constructor?
- 如果可能，将属性的初始化值应用于对象。
- 然后调用赋值(assign) 方法.

assign(options) : assign the options' attributes to this object.
- how to decide which attribute should be assign?
- I need an attributes manage class? or just a simple attributes list?
- or define all attributes even the value is null when initialize
- this must be an optional feature.
assignPropertyTo(dest, options, attributeName, value): assign an attribute to dest.
- you can override it to determine howto assign an object value.
assignProperty(options, attributeName, value): assign an atrribute. called by assign

assignTo(dest) : assign the attributes to this dest object.
mergeTo(dest, options): 将this对象的属性值写入到 dest object, 如果options对象存在,并且options中的属性值存在,那么options中的属性值将覆盖原值.
- do not overwrite the already exist attributes of the dest.
isSame(obj): compare the obj's attributes whether is the same value with itself.
clone(options): 克隆对象, 如果options对象存在,并且options中的属性值存在,那么options中的属性值将覆盖原值.
toObject(options): convert it as plain object.
- do not export the non-enumerable attributes or beginning with '$'
- do not export the attribute's value is null
- do not export the attribute's value is default value.
  - where to get the default value?
toJSON(): this will call the toObject() to return.

注意: 如果构造函数的第一个参数不是属性选项,那么你需要指定属性选项参数位置.

用法

让你的类能够管理(导入/导出)属性

有下列三种方式使你的类可以管理属性:

继承方式:让你的类继承自属性管理器
- inherits from PropertyManager directly.
通过将属性能力注入到你的类
- 你需要确保下列的成员名称没有被类使用.
  1. The $attributes 成员用于 normal and advance PropertyManager.
  2. nonExported1stChar 成员用于改变非导出(non-exported)属性首字符约定,默认为 '$'.
  - 前四种方法必须存在。其他是可选的。但要注意它们的依赖性。
    1. assign
    2. assignPropertyTo
    3. getProperties
    4. defineProperties
    5. clone (optional)
      - mergeTo
    6. initialize (optional)
      - getProperties
      - assign
    7. assignProperty (optional)
      - assignPropertyTo
    8. mergeTo (optional)
      - getProperties
      - assignPropertyTo
    9. exportTo (optional)
      - mergeTo
    10. assignTo (optional)
      - getProperties
      - assignPropertyTo
    11. toObject (optional)
      - exportTo
    12. toJSON (optional)
      - toObject
    13. isSame (optional)
      - mergeTo
修饰器: property-manager-decorator

Class Inherits

有三类属性管理器可供选择, 默认是NormalPropertyManager,详细介绍参见前述.

SimplePropertyManager: 最简单的属性管理器,直接使用JS的对象属性描述符,因此无法在类上定义属性
NormalPropertyManager: 常规属性管理器,通过在类上的prototype的$attributes纯对象管理定义的属性
AdvancePropertyManager:高级属性管理器,通过在类上的prototype的$attributes Properties对象管理定义的属性

// var inherits = require('inherits-ex/lib/inherits');
// var PropertyManager = require('property-manager');
// var PropertyManager = require('property-manager/lib/normal');
// var SimplePropertyManager = require('property-manager/lib/simple');
// var AdvancePropertyManager = require('property-manager/lib/advance');
import {inherits} from 'inherits-ex'
import {SimplePropertyManager, NormaPropertyManager, AdvancePropertyManager} from 'property-manager'

const ProperManager = NormaPropertyManager

//# Only for Normal or Advance PropertyManager
var defineProperties = ProperManager.defineProperties

class MyClass extends ProperManager {
  constructor(name, options) {
    super()
    this.name = name

    // if you use the SimplePropertyManager
    // you should define your properties here:
    //this.defineProperties({
    //  'attr1': {value:123}
    //  'hidden': {value:1, enumerable: false},
    //  '$dontExport': {value:3, enumerable: true}
    //})

    // initialize ProperManager
    this.initialize(options)
  }
}

/*
function MyClass(name, options) {
  this.name = name;
  // if you use the SimplePropertyManager
  // you should define your properties here:
  //this.defineProperties({
  //  'attr1': {value:123}
  //  'hidden': {value:1, enumerable: false},
  //  '$dontExport': {value:3, enumerable: true}
  //})
  PropertyManager.call(this, options);
}

inherits(MyClass, PropertyManager);
*/

// Only for normal and advance property manager
defineProperties(MyClass, {
    'attr1': {value:123},
    'hidden': {value:1, enumerable: false},
    '$dontExport': {value:3, enumerable: true},
    'custom': {
      value: {},
      assign: function(value, dest, src, name) {
        if (value == null) {
          value = {};
        }
        value.exta = 123;
        return value;
      }
    }
});

/*
function MyClassEx() {
  MyClassEx.__super__.constructor.apply(this, arguments)
}
inherits(MyClassEx, MyClass);
*/

class MyClassEx extends MyClass {}

// Inherited properties from MyClass
defineProperties(MyClassEx, {'extra': {value: 'extra'}});

灵活的属性能力注入到任意类中

通过PropertyAbility函数将属性能力注入到任意类中.

PropertyAbility(target:Function|Object, options?) 如果没有参数那么就是默认的normal属性管理器.

options:

name: {'simple' | 'advance' | 'normal' | 'abstract'} 选定属性管理器, 默认为 normal
optionsPosition: {number}, 可选的属性选项参数位置,在构造函数中需要导入Json对象属性时使用.
exclude: {string[]} 不需要注入的属性能力方法名称列表，默认为空。

// var PropertyAbility = require('property-manager/ability');
import {PropertyAbility} from 'property-manager'

class MyClass {
  constructor(name, options) {
    // if you use the SimplePropertyManager
    // you should define your properties here:
    //this.defineProperties({
    //  'attr1': {value:123}
    //  'hidden': {value:1, enumerable: false},
    //  '$dontExport': {value:3, enumerable: false}
    //})
    this.name = name;
    // initialize PropertyManager
    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
  }
}

/*
function MyClass(name, options) {
  // if you use the SimplePropertyManager
  // you should define your properties here:
  //this.defineProperties({
  //  'attr1': {value:123}
  //  'hidden': {value:1, enumerable: false},
  //  '$dontExport': {value:3, enumerable: false}
  //})
  this.name = name;
  this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
}
*/

// add the property manager ability to MyClass
// the default is normal property manager
//   PropertyAbility(MyClass)
// you can specified the property manager 'simple', 'advance', 'normal':
//   PropertyAbility(MyClass, 'simple')
//   PropertyAbility(MyClass, {name: 'simple'})
// and you can specified the options position in the arguments
//  the first argument(arguments[0]) is `name`, and the second(arguments[1]) is the options
PropertyAbility(MyClass, {optionsPosition: 1});
// you can exclude some non-core methods:
//PropertyAbility(MyClass, {optionsPosition:1, exclude: ['assignTo', ...]})

// You can define your properties here to:
var defineProperties = MyClass.defineProperties;

//only for normal, advance property manager
defineProperties(MyClass, {
  'attr1': {value: 123},
  'hidden': {value: 1, enumerable: false},
  '$dontExport': {value: 3, enumerable: true},
  'date': {
    assign(value, dest, src, name, {isExported}) {
      let result;
      if (isExported) {
        result = value.toISOString()
      } else if (!(value instanceof Date)) {
        result = new Date(value)
      }
      return result;
    }
  }
  'custom': {
    value: {},
    assign: function(value, dest, src, name, opts) {
      if (value == null) {
        value = {};
      }
      value.exta = 123;
      return value;
    }
  }
});

class MyClassEx extends MyClass {}

/*
function MyClassEx() {
  MyClassEx.__super__.constructor.apply(this, arguments)
}
inherits(MyClassEx, MyClass);
*/

// Inherited properties from MyClass
defineProperties(MyClassEx, {'extra': {value: 'extra'}});

使用方式

使用方式非常简单,和平常的对象属性使用没啥区别. 定义属性也和Object.defineProperties类似.

现在 MyClass 类上有了下面几个属性:

attr1: 可导出及赋值
hidden: 不能导出及赋值
date: the date 可导出及赋值
$dontExport: 可赋值, 但不可导出
custom: 可导出及赋值, 赋值将被属性描述符中的 assign 函数改变.

MyClassEx 派生至 MyClass (注: 仅支持normal 或 advance property manager)

extra: 可导出及赋值
其它属性继承至 MyClass

var assert = require('assert');

var my = new MyClass('aName', {
  attr1: 3,
  hidden: 11222,
  $dontExport: 1,
  custom: {
    b: 12
  }
});

assert.deepEqual(my.mergeTo(), {
  attr1: 3,
  $dontExport: 1,
  custom: {
    b: 12,
    exta: 123
  }
});

// the `hidden` can not be assigned and exported
assert.equal(my.hidden, 1);

// the `$dontExport` can not be exported
assert.deepEqual(my.toObject(), {
  attr1: 3
});

assert.equal(JSON.stringify(my), '{"attr1":3,"custom":{"b":12,"exta":123}}');

var obj = my.clone();

// compare each assigned properties.
assert.ok(obj.isSame(my));

assert.deepEqual(obj.mergeTo(), {
  attr1: 3,
  $dontExport: 1,
  custom: {
    b: 12,
    exta: 123
  }
});

var myEx = new MyClassEx('theClassEx', {attr1: 3, hidden:11222, $dontExport: 1, custom:{b:12}})
assert.deepEqual(myEx.mergeTo(), {extra:'extra', attr1:3, $dontExport:1, custom:{b:12, exta: 123}})

API

Changes

More recent changes see: CHANGELOG.md

v2

ES6 Class
ESM support
NodeJS >= 8

v1.4.0

feat: add the readonly to smart assigned property

@Properties
class Phone extends AdvancePropertyManager {
  @Prop({
    writable: false,
    exported: true,
    assigned: '',
  }) id!: string;
}

BROKEN CHANGE: DO NOT EXPORT the readonly property by default unless exported is true.

@Properties
class Phone extends AdvancePropertyManager {
  @Prop({
    writable: false,
    exported: true,
  }) id!: string;
}

v1.0.0

add the array with type supports.

import { arrayOf } from 'property-manager/lib/array';
import AdvancePropertyManager from 'property-manager/lib/advance';
import { PropertyManager as Properties, Property as Prop } from 'property-manager-decorator';

@Properties
class Phone extends AdvancePropertyManager {
  @Prop() value!: string;
  @Prop() codeNum!: string;
  @Prop() kind!: string;
  constructor(initValue?) {
    super(initValue);
  }
}

@Properties
class Contact extends AdvancePropertyManager {
  @Prop({type: String}) name!: string;
  @Prop({type: arrayOf(Phone)}) phones!: Phone[];
  constructor(initValue?) {
    super(initValue);
  }
}

BROKEN change toObject method params to (options?: IMergeOptions)
BROKEN change assign method params to (src, options?: IMergeOptions)
BROKEN change assignTo method params to (dest, options?: IMergeOptions)
BROKEN change assignPropertyTo and assignProperty method params to (dest, src, name: string, value, attrs?, options?: IMergeOptions)
BROKEN change exportTo method params to (dest, options?: IExportOptions)
BROKEN change mergeTo method params to (dest, options?: IMergeOptions)
- add skipNull and skipUndefined option to IExportOptions and IMergeOptions

add the extends(attrs: Object, nonExported1stChar) method to the Properties
- return a new Properties instance to extends properties from current instance.
add the inherited properties supports for AdvancePropertyManager.defineProperties

change the recreate argument default value of defineProperties to false for AdvancePropertyManager and NormalPropertyManager
set all methods and non-properties of Properties to be non-enumerable.

v0.13.0

add typed property for AdvancePropertyManager and NormalPropertyManager

function CustomType(value) {
  if (!(this instanceof CustomType)) return new CustomType(value)
  try {
    value = JSON.parse(value)
  } catch(err) {
    this.value = value
  }
}

const attrs = {
  prop1: {type: CustomType, value: 111}
}

class TypedPM extends AdvancePropertyManager {
  constructor(opts) {
    super(opts)
  }
}
TypedPM.defineProperties(attrs)

const obj = new TypedPM()
console.log(obj.prop1 instanceof CustomType)

v0.11.0

add the skipExists option to the Properties.assignTo and Properties.assignPropertyTo

the options to the Properties.assignTo(dest, src, options)
- exclude(String|Array)
- skipDefault(Boolean)
- skipExists(Boolean)
- skipReadOnly(Boolean)
- exported(Boolean)

v0.10.0

add the alias property descriptor(Normal&Advance):
- You can define one or more aliases to assign from other object(options)
- alias (String|ArrayOf String)

Smart assignment property supports(AdvancePropertyManager):
- broken: SMART_ASSIGN constant deprecated.
- assigned descriptor (Boolean|String):
  - String means SMART_ASSIGN.
  - it's the internal property name of the smart assignment if it's string
  - the internal property name is the property name with prefix(nonExported1stChar) if it's an empty string

broken: remove attrsName property(fixed to '$attributes')

add the helper function: properties/define-properties.

v0.9.0

clone default property value if the value is an object when initializing
- the object instances will share the same one of property value if the default value of property is an object.
  - howto create a new object instance when initializing default value.
  - Solution 1: the value descriptor could be a function to create new object instance:
    - Problem1: it will be only available for normal and advance property manager
      - value: function (){return Object.create()}
    - Problem2: the value can not be a function now.
  - Solution 2: check the value whether is object. if so, clone it when initializing.
    - use this solution. but if someone wish all instance share the same value.
    - add a descriptor to control whethe enable this. but simple can not support the custom descriptor.
      - clone (Boolean): defaults to true.

Smart assignment property supports:
- assign property descriptor (Function(value, dest, src, name)):
  - It only used to assign the options from another object.
  - It's no effect if the assign the property individually. should use the property descriptor set to do so.
  - maybe I should wrap it:
    - add a hidden internal property with prefix(nonExported1stChar)
    - add descriptor get function to read the property
    - add descriptor set function to assign the property(call the assign descriptor).
  - need a descriptor to control whethe enable this.
    - assigned: AdvancePropertyManager::SMART_ASSIGN = 2
    - enabled: !get and !set and assigned is AdvancePropertyManager::SMART_ASSIGN
  - only available for advance property manager.
  - note: only value argument is passed into assign descriptor when assignment the property individually.

v0.8.0

add the property writable check: do not assign the readonly property.

Normal, Advance
- add the assigned, exported (Boolean) to property descriptor directly.
  - assigned: enumerable isnt false and (writable isnt false or isFunction(set)).
  - exported: enumerable isnt false and the first char isnt "$"

PropertyManager::nonExported1stChar (Char), defaults to '$'
- note: the exported descriptor is higher prior than nonExported1stChar.
nonExported1stChar option to the property manager ability.

v0.7.0

broken the arguments order of assign function in property descriptor are changed:
- attr.assign(value, dest, src, name, opts) instead of assign(dest, src, value, name)

License

MIT

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README.cn.md

README.cn.md

property-manager

你可以继承它

或者作为能力注入

用法

让你的类能够管理(导入/导出)属性

Class Inherits

灵活的属性能力注入到任意类中

使用方式

API

Changes

v2

v1.4.0

v1.0.0

v0.13.0

v0.11.0

v0.10.0

v0.9.0

v0.8.0

v0.7.0

License

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README.cn.md

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property-manager

你可以继承它

或者作为能力注入

用法

让你的类能够管理(导入/导出)属性

Class Inherits

灵活的属性能力注入到任意类中

使用方式

API

Changes

v2

v1.4.0

v1.0.0

v0.13.0

v0.11.0

v0.10.0

v0.9.0

v0.8.0

v0.7.0

License