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Installation

All the instructions below work on Linux, macOS and Windows.

Binaries

The recommended way to install LFortran is using Conda. Install Conda for example by installing the Miniconda installation by following instructions there for your platform. Then create a new environment (you can choose any name, here we chose lf) and activate it:

conda create -n lf
conda activate lf

Then install LFortran by:

conda install lfortran -c conda-forge

Now the lf environment has the lfortran compiler available, you can start the interactive prompt by executing lfortran, or see the command line options using lfortran -h.

The Jupyter kernel is automatically installed by the above command, so after installing Jupyter itself:

conda install jupyter -c conda-forge

You can create a Fortran based Jupyter notebook by executing:

jupyter notebook

and selecting New->Fortran.

Build From a Source Tarball

This method is the recommended method if you just want to install LFortran, either yourself or in a package manager (Spack, Conda, Debian, etc.). The source tarball has all the generated files included and has minimal dependencies.

First we have to install dependencies, for example using Conda:

conda create -n lf python cmake llvmdev
conda activate lf

Then download a tarball from https://lfortran.org/download/, e.g.:

wget https://lfortran.github.io/tarballs/dev/lfortran-0.9.0.tar.gz
tar xzf lfortran-0.9.0.tar.gz
cd lfortran-0.9.0

And build:

cmake -DWITH_LLVM=yes -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=`pwd`/inst .
make -j8
make install

This will install the lfortran into the inst/bin.

Build From Git

We assume you have C++ compilers installed, as well as git and wget. In Ubuntu, you can also install binutils-dev for stacktraces.

If you do not have Conda installed, you can do so on Linux (and similarly on other platforms):

wget --no-check-certificate https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh
bash miniconda.sh -b -p $HOME/conda_root
export PATH="$HOME/conda_root/bin:$PATH"

Then prepare the environment:

conda create -n lf -c conda-forge llvmdev=11.0.1 bison=3.4 re2c python cmake make toml
conda activate lf

Clone the LFortran git repository:

git clone https://gitlab.com/lfortran/lfortran.git
cd lfortran

Generate files that are needed for the build (this step depends on re2c, bison and python):

./build0.sh

Now the process is the same as installing from the source tarball. For example to build in Debug mode:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DWITH_LLVM=yes -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=`pwd`/inst .
make -j8

Run tests:

ctest
./run_tests.py

Run an interactive prompt:

./src/bin/lfortran

Build From Git with Nix

One of the ways to ensure exact environment and dependencies is with nix. This will ensure that system dependencies do not interfere with the development environment. If you want, you can report bugs in a nix-shell environment to make it easier for others to reproduce.

With Root

We start by getting nix. The following multi-user intstallation will work on any machine with a Linux distribution, MacOS or Windows (via WSL):

sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

Without Root

If you would like to not provide nix with root access to your machine, on Linux distributions we can use nix-portable.

wget https://github.com/DavHau/nix-portable/releases/download/v003/nix-portable

Now just prepend all nix-shell commands with NP_RUNTIME=bwrap ./nix-portable . So:

# Do not
nix-shell --run "bash"
# Do
NP_RUNTIME=bwrap ./nix-portable nix-shell --run "bash"

Development

Now we can enter the development environment:

nix-shell --run "bash" --cores 4 -j4 --pure ci/shell.nix

The --pure flag ensures no system dependencies are used in the environment.

The build steps are the same as with the ci:

./build0.sh
./build1.sh

To change the compilation environment from gcc (default) to clang we can use --argstr:

nix-shell --run "bash" --cores 4 -j4 --pure ci/shell.nix --argstr clangOnly "yes"

Note About Dependencies

End users (and distributions) are encouraged to use the tarball from https://lfortran.org/download/, which only depends on LLVM, CMake and a C++ compiler.

The tarball is generated automatically by our CI (continuous integration) and contains some autogenerated files: the parser, the AST and ASR nodes, which is generated by an ASDL translator (requires Python).

The instructions from git are to be used when developing LFortran itself.

Note for users who do not use Conda

Following are the dependencies necessary for installing this repository in development mode,

  • Bison - 3.5.1
  • LLVM - 11.0.1
  • re2c - 2.0.3
  • binutils - 2.31.90 - Make sure that you should enable the required options related to this dependency to build the dynamic libraries (the ones ending with .so).