added 12.10~18 to README, and refactor 14,15,16

ch12/README.md

@@ -88,4 +88,11 @@ Memory leakage happens. Because after `r = q` was executed, no pointer points to
 
 - to `q2` and `r2`:
 
-no memory leakages. As `r2 = q2` was executed, the count of the object `r2` had pointer to went to `0`, which freed the corresponding memory.
+## [Exercise 12.10](ex12_10.h)
+## [Exercise 12.11](ex12_11.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.12](ex12_12.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.13](ex12_13.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.14](ex12_14.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.15](ex12_15.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.16](ex12_16.cpp)
+## [Exercise 12.17 and 12.18](ex12_17_18.cpp)

ch12/ex12_14.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//
+//  ex12_14.cpp
+//  Exercise 12.14
+//
+//  Created by pezy on 12/22/14.
+//  Copyright (c) 2014 pezy. All rights reserved.
+//
+//  Write your own version of a function that uses a shared_ptr to manage a connection.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+struct connection {
+    std::string ip;
+    int port;
+    connection(std::string ip_, int port_):ip(ip_), port(port_){ }
+};
+struct destination {
+    std::string ip;
+    int port;
+    destination(std::string ip_, int port_):ip(ip_), port(port_){ }
+};
+
+connection connect(destination* pDest)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<connection> pConn(new connection(pDest->ip, pDest->port));
+    std::cout << "creating connection(" << pConn.use_count() << ")" << std::endl;
+    return *pConn;
+}
+
+void disconnect(connection pConn)
+{
+    std::cout << "connection close(" << pConn.ip << ":" << pConn.port << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+void end_connection(connection *pConn)
+{
+    disconnect(*pConn);
+}
+
+void f(destination &d)
+{
+    connection conn = connect(&d);
+    std::shared_ptr<connection> p(&conn, end_connection);
+    std::cout << "connecting now(" << p.use_count() << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    destination dest("202.118.176.67", 3316);
+    f(dest);
+}

ch12/ex12_15.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//
+//  ex12_15.cpp
+//  Exercise 12.15
+//
+//  Created by pezy on 12/22/14.
+//  Copyright (c) 2014 pezy. All rights reserved.
+//
+//  Rewrite the first exercise to use a lambda (10.3.2, p.388) in place of the end_connection function.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+struct connection {
+    std::string ip;
+    int port;
+    connection(std::string ip_, int port_):ip(ip_), port(port_){ }
+};
+struct destination {
+    std::string ip;
+    int port;
+    destination(std::string ip_, int port_):ip(ip_), port(port_){ }
+};
+
+connection connect(destination* pDest)
+{
+    std::shared_ptr<connection> pConn(new connection(pDest->ip, pDest->port));
+    std::cout << "creating connection(" << pConn.use_count() << ")" << std::endl;
+    return *pConn;
+}
+
+void disconnect(connection pConn)
+{
+    std::cout << "connection close(" << pConn.ip << ":" << pConn.port << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+void f(destination &d)
+{
+    connection conn = connect(&d);
+    std::shared_ptr<connection> p(&conn, [](connection *p){disconnect(*p);});
+    std::cout << "connecting now(" << p.use_count() << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    destination dest("202.118.176.67", 3316);
+    f(dest);
+}

ch12/ex12_16.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//
+//  ex12_15.cpp
+//  Exercise 12.15
+//
+//  Created by pezy on 12/22/14.
+//  Copyright (c) 2014 pezy. All rights reserved.
+//
+//  Compilers don’t always give easy-to-understand error messages if we attempt to
+//  copy or assign a unique_ptr. Write a program that contains these errors to see
+//  how your compiler diagnoses them.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+using std::string; using std::unique_ptr;
+
+int main()
+{
+    unique_ptr<string> p1(new string("pezy"));
+    // unique_ptr<string> p2(p1); // copy
+    //                      ^
+    // Error: Call to implicitly-deleted copy constructor of 'unique_ptr<string>'
+    //
+    // unique_ptr<string> p3 = p1; // assign
+    //                      ^
+    // Error: Call to implicitly-deleted copy constructor of 'unique_ptr<string>'
+    std::cout << *p1 << std::endl;
+    p1.reset(nullptr);
+}

ch12/ex12.17.18.cpp → ch12/ex12_17_18.cpp

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 //!
 //! Exercise 12.18:
 //! Why doesn’t shared_ptr have a release member?
-//  Because other shared_ptr that points the same object can still delete this 
+//  Because other shared_ptr that points the same object can still delete this
 //  object.Thus, it's meaningless to provide this member
 //  more detail can be found a thread on Stack Overflow:
-//  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1525764/how-to-release-pointer-from-boostshared-ptr	
+//  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1525764/how-to-release-pointer-from-boostshared-ptr
 
 
 #include <iostream>
@@ -80,5 +80,3 @@ int main()
 
     return 0;
 }
-
-