fix(client): properly configure model set fields (#98)

This means you can check if a field was included in the response by accessing
`model_fields_set` in pydantic v2 and `__fields_set__` in v1.

README.md

@@ -271,7 +271,21 @@ client = Finch(
 )
 ```
 
-## Advanced: Configuring custom URLs, proxies, and transports
+## Advanced
+
+### How to tell whether `None` means `null` or missing
+
+In an API response, a field may be explicitly null, or missing entirely; in either case, its value is `None` in this library. You can differentiate the two cases with `.model_fields_set`:
+
+```py
+if response.my_field is None:
+  if 'my_field' not in response.model_fields_set:
+    print('Got json like {}, without a "my_field" key present at all.')
+  else:
+    print('Got json like {"my_field": null}.')
+```
+
+### Configuring custom URLs, proxies, and transports
 
 You can configure the following keyword arguments when instantiating the client:
 
@@ -289,7 +303,7 @@ client = Finch(
 
 See the httpx documentation for information about the [`proxies`](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#http-proxying) and [`transport`](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/#custom-transports) keyword arguments.
 
-## Advanced: Managing HTTP resources
+### Managing HTTP resources
 
 By default we will close the underlying HTTP connections whenever the client is [garbage collected](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__del__) is called but you can also manually close the client using the `.close()` method if desired, or with a context manager that closes when exiting.
 

src/finch/_models.py

@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ class BaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
         model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
     else:
 
+        @property
+        def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
+            # a forwards-compat shim for pydantic v2
+            return self.__fields_set__  # type: ignore
+
         class Config(pydantic.BaseConfig):  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated]
             extra: Any = Extra.allow  # type: ignore
 
@@ -74,6 +79,9 @@ def construct(
             else config.get("populate_by_name")
         )
 
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = set()
+
         model_fields = get_model_fields(cls)
         for name, field in model_fields.items():
             key = field.alias
@@ -82,6 +90,7 @@ def construct(
 
             if key in values:
                 fields_values[name] = _construct_field(value=values[key], field=field, key=key)
+                _fields_set.add(name)
             else:
                 fields_values[name] = field_get_default(field)
 
@@ -94,8 +103,6 @@ def construct(
                     fields_values[key] = value
 
         object.__setattr__(m, "__dict__", fields_values)
-        if _fields_set is None:
-            _fields_set = set(fields_values.keys())
 
         if PYDANTIC_V2:
             # these properties are copied from Pydantic's `model_construct()` method

tests/test_models.py

@@ -471,3 +471,17 @@ def model_id(self) -> str:
     assert m.model_id == "id"
     assert m.resource_id == "id"
     assert m.resource_id is m.model_id
+
+
+def test_omitted_fields() -> None:
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        resource_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+    m = Model.construct()
+    assert "resource_id" not in m.model_fields_set
+
+    m = Model.construct(resource_id=None)
+    assert "resource_id" in m.model_fields_set
+
+    m = Model.construct(resource_id="foo")
+    assert "resource_id" in m.model_fields_set