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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ | ||
| ## LINUX COMMAND | ||
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| ##DIRECTORY | ||
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| sudo - super user do | ||
| --- | ||
| pwd --> displays present working directory | ||
| --- | ||
| mkdir (directory name) --> This command create a directory | ||
| --- | ||
| cd (directory/folder where you want to navigate) -->This command change directory. | ||
| --- | ||
| ls --> lists contents of current directory | ||
| --- | ||
| ls -l --> list contents of current directory with detailed output | ||
| --- | ||
| ll --> list contents of current directory with detailed output | ||
| --- | ||
| cd <folder> | ||
| --- | ||
| cd .. --> to come out of a directory | ||
| --- | ||
| rm -r testdir --> to remove a directory | ||
| --- | ||
| ~ --> Home directory | ||
| --- | ||
| mkdir -p folder/subfolder/subfolder2 --> create parent and child directory | ||
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| --- | ||
| --- | ||
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| ##FILE | ||
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| touch test.txt(file name) --> creates a empty file | ||
| --- | ||
| ls -l --> lists the contents in current directory | ||
| --- | ||
| echo Print Output | ||
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| echo "This is a text" > test.txt | ||
| --- | ||
| cat test.txt --> writes the content of file into terminal & exits | ||
| --- | ||
| more test.txt --> writes the content of file on terminal page by page ( to move to next page need to hit space bar on keyboard ) | ||
| --- | ||
| less test.txt --> open the file on terminal & can be read line by line (use arrows to scroll up & down) | ||
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| To comeout need to press 'q' on the key board | ||
| --- | ||
| vi test.txt --> Visual Editor | ||
| -This opens the file in read only mode | ||
| -To edit the file, press 'i' on keyboard for INSERT mode & then you can write anything | ||
| -once the text is entered, press 'ESC' on keyboard to return back on readonly mode | ||
| -press ':wq' on keyboard -- to save & come out of the file | ||
| -press ':q' on keyboard -- to come out of the file without saving | ||
| -press ':wq!' on keyboard -- to save forcefully & come out of the file | ||
| -press ':q!' on keyboard -- to come out of the file forcefully without saving | ||
| --- | ||
| rm test.txt --> To remove a file | ||
| --- | ||
| COPY/RENAME/MOVE/OPERATION | ||
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| While performing these operations, we can always use absolute paths or relative paths accrodingly. | ||
| These commands expects source & dest values | ||
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| cp A.txt B.txt --> makes a copy of A.txt names it to B.txt in current directory | ||
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| cp /home/A.txt /tmp/A.txt --> make a copy of A.txt to /tmp | ||
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| cp -r testdir/ newdir/ --> makes a copy of testdir & names it to newdir in current dirctory | ||
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| cp -r /home/testdir /tmp/testdir --> makes a copy of testdir to /tmp | ||
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| mv A.txt new.txt ---> renames A.txt to new.txt in current path | ||
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| mv A.txt /tmp ---> moves to A.txt to /tmp | ||
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| mv testdir newdir --> renames testdir to newdir in crrent path | ||
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| mv newdir /tmp ---> moves newdir to /tmp path | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ##PERMISSION | ||
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| Observe the output of ls: | ||
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| drwxrwxr-x 2 manifoldailearning manifoldailearning 4096 Nov 7 23:38 testdir | ||
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 manifoldailearning manifoldailearning 126 Nov 7 23:37 abc.txt | ||
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 manifoldailearning manifoldailearning 126 Nov 7 23:38 one.txt | ||
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| drwxrwxr-x or -rw-rw-r-- --> Read/Write/Execute Permission for a file or a directory in linux | ||
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| (1st value)manifoldailearning --> owner of the file/directory | ||
| (2nd value)manifoldailearning --> group who owns file/directory | ||
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| --- | ||
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| How to update the owner & group for a file/dir - | ||
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| chown ( change owner ) is the command to update the owners of dir/file | ||
| note: note that you need to have previliges to update the permissions for a file/directory | ||
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| Syntax: chown owner:group filename/dirname | ||
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| --- | ||
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| How to update the read,write & execute permissions for a file/dir | ||
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| How to decode the Read/Write/Execute Permission terminology: | ||
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| -/d ---> denotes if it is a file or directory ( - means file / d means directory ) | ||
| rwx ---> means read,write & execute permissions for super user ( root ) | ||
| rw- ---> means read,write permissions for the owner of the file ( ex: manifoldailearning as above ) | ||
| r-- ---> means read only permissions for others ( whoever login to the machine ) | ||
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| r --> Permission to read the file. | ||
| w --> Permission to write (or delete) the file. | ||
| x --> Permission to execute the file, or, in the case of a directory, search it. | ||
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| chmod ( change mode ) is the command to update the read/write/execute permissions for a file/directory | ||
| r = 4, w = 2, x = 1 | ||
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| - | rwx | rwx | rwx | ||
| - | 421 | 421 | 421 | ||
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| To update the permissions we can sum 421 | ||
| If super user needs to have read,write & exeute give 7 | ||
| If the owner need to read & write give 6 | ||
| If other need to have only read give 4 | ||
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| chmod 777 file/dir -- rwx for root, rwx for owner, rwx for others | ||
| chmod 764 file/dir -- rwx for root, rw for owner, r for others | ||
| chmod 755 fire/dir -- rwx for root, rw for owner, rw for others | ||
| --- |
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