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Add Chapter 10 (#9)
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* Add Introduction

* Add Mobile Devices

* Add Computer Supported Cooperative Work

* Add Advantages of Electronic and Mobile Commerce

* Add Chapter 10 Exercises
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Kayzels committed Nov 25, 2022
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163 changes: 163 additions & 0 deletions units/part03/chapter10.tex
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\begin{document}
\setcounter{chapter}{9}
\chapter{Pervasive Computing}
\section{Introduction}
\begin{definition}{Pervasive Computing}
A term meaning the move of the computer away from the desktop, and towards something that is all around us, all the time. This is also known as \concept{ubiquitous computing}.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Computer Supported Cooperative Work}
A term that refers to technologies which allow groups to work together to achieve goals.
\end{definition}

\section{Wireless Internet Access}
\begin{definition}{Wi-Fi Hotspot}
An area where Wi-Fi wireless Internet access is available.
\end{definition}

\section{Mobile Devices}
\subsection{Smartphones}
These devices are cheaper and more robust than laptops, and can be connected with a range of accessories to increase their functionality.
\begin{definition}{Global Positioning System (GPS)}
A navigation system that enables a receiver to determine its precise location.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Wearable Technology}
\begin{definition}{Wearable Technology}
A term that refers to computers and computing technology that are worn on the body.
\end{definition}
\subsection{E-Money}
\begin{definition}{E-Money}
The transfer of funds electronically rather than by handing over physical coins and notes.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Tangible Media}
\begin{definition}{Tangible Media}
Represent information stored on a computer through the use of physical objects.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Phicon}
Stands for `physical icon', and is a physical representation of digital data, in the same way that an icon on a computer screen represents a file.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Personal Robotics}
\begin{definition}{Personal Robotics}
A term which refers to robotic companions that people socialise with.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Virtual Pets}
\begin{definition}{Virtual Pet}
An artificial companion. Could be screen based, or a robot.
\end{definition}

\pagebreak
\section{Computer Supported Cooperative Work}
\begin{definition}{Computer Supported Coooperative Work (CSCW)}
Technologies that allow groups to work together to achieve goals. Individuals in the group can be \concept{co-located} (in the same place), or geographically separated. The work can happen \concept{synchronously} (at the same time), or \concept{asynchronously} (at different times).
\end{definition}
\subsection{Videoconferencing}
\begin{definition}{Videoconference}
A simultaneous communication between two or more parties where they both see and hear each other.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Messaging}
\begin{definition}{Email}
Asynchronous text-based communication.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Instand Messaging}
Used for synchronous communication -- two (or more) people are communicating at the same time, usually typing short sentences to build up a conversation.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Chat Room}
A facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive `conversations' over the web.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Interactive Whiteboards}
\begin{definition}{Interactive Whiteboard}
A combination of a whiteboard and a desktop computer.

This term can be used to mean slightly different technologies.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Wikis}
\begin{definition}{Wiki}
A web page that can be edited by anyone with the proper authority.
\end{definition}
\subsection{MMOGs}
\begin{definition}{MMOGs}
Massively Multiplayer Online Game.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Virtual Worlds}
A computer-based environment where users' avatars can interact.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Blogs, Podcasts, and Live Streaming}
\begin{definition}{Blog}
Short for `weblog', a combination of the words `web' and `log'. An online diary.

A website that people create and use, to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics.
\begin{description}[nosep]
\item[Blogosphere] The community of blogs and bloggers.
\item[Blogger] A person who creates a blog.
\item[Blogging] The process of placing entries on a blog site.
\end{description}

A \concept{microblog} has the same goals as a normal blog, but the posts are limited in size. Twitter is an example, where the limit is 280 characters.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Podcast}
An audio broadcast over the Internet. Essentially an audio blog.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Really Simple Syndication}
A collection of web formats to help provide web content, or summaries of web content. Used to offer automatic updates for blogs and podcasts.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Live Streaming}
Allows users to record and publish videos at the same time.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Cloud Tools}
Users can access software via a browser on any of their devices, making it fully mobile, and the software connects users, which allows computer supported cooperative work.

\section[More Applications of E-Commerce and m-Commerce]{More Applications of Electronic and Mobile Commerce}
\subsection{Retail and Wholesale}
\begin{definition}{Electronic Retailing (e-tailing)}
The direct sale from business to consumer through electronic shopfronts, typically designed around an electronic catalogue and shopping cart model.

\begin{description}
\item[Cybermall] A single website that offers many products and services at one Internet location.
\end{description}

A key sector of wholesale e-commerce is spending on \concept{manufacturing, repair and operations (MRO)} of goods and services.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Manufacturing}
\begin{definition}{Electronic Exchange}
An electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations, such as inventory control.

The business centre is not a physical building, but rather a network-based location where business interactions occur.
\begin{description}
\item[Private exchange] An exchange owned and operated by a single company.
\item[Public exchange] An exchange owned and operated by industry groups.
\end{description}
\end{definition}
\subsection{Marketing}
\begin{definition}{Market Segmentation}
The identification of specific markets to target them with advertising messages. Divides the pool of potential customers into subgroups.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}{Technology-enabled relationship management}
Occurs when a firm obtains detailed information about a customer's behaviour, preferences, needs, and buying patterns. A firm uses this information to set prices, negotiate terms, tailor promotions, add product features, and otherwise customise its entire relationship with that customer.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Investment and Finance}
\begin{definition}{Electronic Bill Presentment}
A method of billing whereby a vendor posts an image of your statement on the Internet, and alerts you by email that your bill has arrived.
\end{definition}
\subsection{Advantages of Electronic and Mobile Commerce}
\begin{sidenote}{Advantages of Electronic and Mobile Commerce}
\begin{itemize}[nosep]
\item Global reach
\item Reduce costs
\item Speed the flow of goods and information
\item Increase accuracy
\item Improve customer service
\end{itemize}
\end{sidenote}

\section{Exercises}
\begin{exercise}{Self-Assessment}
\begin{enumerate}
\item What is a hotspot? \concept{An area where wireless Internet access is available}.
\item `Smart shoes' would be an example of \concept{wearable technology}.
\item Paying without cash is often labelled \concept{e-money}.
\item M-Pesa is attempting to replace a bank account with a \concept{mobile phone}.
\item A \concept{virtual pet} attempts to get a user to feel emotionally attached to it, and so continue to interact with it.
\item CSCW stands for \concept{Computer Supported Cooperative Work}.
\item A device that allows notes on a whiteboard to be saved is an \concept{interactive whiteboard}.
\item An online diary is often called a \concept{blog}.
\item `On the move retail' is sometimes called \concept{m-commerce}.
\item Advertising to particular market segments is known as \concept{market segmentation}.
\end{enumerate}
\end{exercise}

\vbox{\rulechapterend}
\end{document}

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