Add Input/Output Devices

units/part02/chapter03.tex

@@ -192,5 +192,156 @@
 				\begin{definition}{Software as a Service (SaaS)}
 					A data storage model where a data storage service provider rents space to individuals and organisations. The rented storage is accessed via the Internet.
 				\end{definition}
+
+		\section[Input and Output Devices]{Input and Output Devices: The Gateway to Computer Systems}
+			\subsection{Data Entry and Input}
+				\begin{definition}{Data Entry}
+					Converting human-readable data into a machine-readable form.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Data Input}
+					Transferring machine-readable data into the system.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Source Data Automation}
+					Capturing and editing data where it is initially created, and in a form that can be directly entered into a computer, thus ensuring accuracy and timeliness.
+				\end{definition}
+			\subsection{Input Devices}
+				A keyboard and mouse are the most common devices used for entry and input of data such as characters, text, and basic commands.
+				\begin{definition}{Speech-Recognition Technology}
+					Input devices that recognise human speech.
+
+					\concept{Interactive Voice Response (IVR)} systems allow a computer to recognise both voices and keypad inputs.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Digital Cameras}
+					An input device used with a PC to record and store images and video in digital form.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Scanning Devices}
+					Capture image and character data.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Optical Data Readers}
+					Used to scan documents. There are two types:
+					\begin{description}
+						\item[Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)] Used for grading tests and other purposes, where check boxes are filled in on the page.
+						\item[Optical Character Recognition (OCR)] Used to identify machine-generated characters, as well as handwriting and typed documents.  
+					\end{description}
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices}
+					Data placed at the bottom of a cheque or form using a special magnetic ink. This ink is then readable by both computers and people.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Magnetic Strip Card}
+					A type of card that stores a limited of data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based particles contained in a band on the card. Read by physically swiping the card, therefore called a \concept{contact card}.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Chip-and-PIN Card}
+					A type of card that employs a computer chip that communicates with a card reader using radio frequencies; it does not need to be swiped at a terminal.
+
+					\begin{description}
+						\item[PIN] Personal Identification Number 
+					\end{description}
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Contactless Card}
+					A card with an embedded chip that only needs to be held close to a terminal to transfer its data; no PIN needs to be entered. 
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Point-of-Sale (POS) Device}
+					A terminal used to enter data into the computer system.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Devices}
+					A terminal that bank customers use to perform transactions with their bank accounts.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Pen Input Devices}
+					Use a special pen to input data to a device, such as commands, handwritten notes, and drawings.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Touch Sensitive Screens}
+					Allow screens to function as input as well as output devices.
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Barcode Scanners and QR Readers}
+					\begin{description}
+						\item[Barcode Scanner] Employ laser scanners to read a barcoded label and pass the data to a computer.
+						\item[Quick Response (QR) Code] Represent text as an image that can be interpreted through a digital camera.
+					\end{description}
+				\end{definition}
+				\begin{definition}{Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)}
+					A technology that employs a microchip with an antenna to broadcast its unique identifier and location to receivers.
+
+					Transmit data via a mobile device called a \concept{tag}, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according to the needs of the computer program.
+
+					RFID chips are often placed on retail items and then read using an in-store tracker.
+
+					Includes a special form of \concept{EPROM memory} that holds data about the item to which the tag is attached.
+				\end{definition}
+			\subsection{Output Devices}
+				\subsubsection{Display Monitors}
+					A device used to display the output from the computer. Early monitors used a \concept{cathode-ray tube} to display images, sometimes called \concept{CRTs}.
+					\begin{definition}{Pixel}
+						A dot of colour on a photo image or a point of light on a display screen.
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{definition}{Plasma Display}
+						A type of display using thousands of smart cells (pixels) consisting of electrodes, and neon and xenon gasses that are electrically turned into plasma to emit light.
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Plasma] Electrically charged atoms and negatively charged particles. 
+						\end{description}
+						Each pixel is made up of three types of light: red, green, and blue.
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{definition}{LCD displays}
+						Flat displays that use liquid crystals to form characters and images on a backlit screen.
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Liquid Crystals] Organic, oil-like material placed between two polarisers. 
+						\end{description}
+						Easier on one's eyes than CRTs, as they are flicker-free, brighter, and do not emit the type of radiation that concerns CRT users. Take up less space, and use less than half of the electricity needed for a CRT.
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Thin-film Transistor (TFT) LCDs] A type of liquid crystal display that assigns a transistor to control each pixel, resulting in higher resolution and faster response times.
+						\end{description}
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{definition}{Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Display}
+						A flat display that uses a layer of organic material sandwiched between two conductors, which in turn are sandwiched between a glass top plate and a glass bottom plate, so that when electric current is applied to the two conductors, a bright, electroluminescent light is produced directly from the organic material.
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{sidenote}{Screen Properties}
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Aspect Ratio] The ratio of the width of the display to its height. Some common aspect ratios: 4:3, 16:10, 16:9, 15:9.
+							\item[Screen Size] Measured diagonally from the outside of the screen casing for CRT monitors, and from the inside of the screen casing for LCDs.
+							\item[Resolution] The total number of pixels contained in the display.
+							\item[Dot Pitch] The distance between one pixel on the screen and the nearest pixel. Common range is from 0.25 mm to 0.31 mm. The smaller the dot pitch, the better the picture.
+						\end{description}
+					\end{sidenote}
+					\begin{definition}{Digital Video Interface (DVI)}
+						A video interface standard designed to maximise the visual quality of digital display devices.
+					\end{definition}
+				\subsubsection{Printers and Plotters}
+					\begin{definition}{Hard Copy}
+						Paper output from a printer.
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{sidenote}{Types of printers}
+						\begin{multicols}{2}
+							\begin{itemize}[nosep]
+								\item Laser Printers
+								\item Inkjet Printers
+							\end{itemize}
+						\end{multicols}
+					\end{sidenote}
+					\begin{sidenote}{Printer Properties}
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Speed] Measured by the number of pages printed per minute (ppm).
+							\item[Dots Per Inch (DPI)] The number of dots printed per inch -- affects the quality and resolution of a printer's output.  
+						\end{description}
+					\end{sidenote}
+					\begin{definition}{Plotter}
+						A type of hard-copy output device used for general design work.
+					\end{definition}
+				\subsubsection{3D Printers}
+					\begin{definition}{3D Printer}
+						Takes a three-dimensional model of an object stored on a computer, and sends it to a 3D printer to create the object using strands of a plastic filament or synthetic powder
+					\end{definition}
+				\subsubsection{Digital Audio Players}
+					\begin{definition}{Digital Audio Player}
+						A device that can store, organise, and play digital music files.
+					\end{definition}
+					\begin{definition}{MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3 (MP3)}
+						A standard format for compressing a sound sequence into a small file.
+					\end{definition}
+				\subsubsection{E-book Readers}
+					\begin{definition}{E-reader}
+						Used to read e-books. Uses tiny LEDs at the bottom of the display, which disperse light across the entire screen. Very easy on the eyes.
+						\begin{description}
+							\item[Electronic Book (e-book)] Digital media equivalent of a conventional printed book.
+						\end{description}
+					\end{definition}
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 \end{document}