[ci][fix]use libc++ when compile with clang

[qicosmos]

Why

/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/chrono:2320:48: error: call to consteval function 'std::chrono::hh_mm_ss::_S_fractional_width' is not a constant expression
        static constexpr unsigned fractional_width = {_S_fractional_width()};
                                                      ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/chrono:2320:48: note: undefined function '_S_fractional_width' cannot be used in a constant expression
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../../include/c++/13/chrono:2275:2: note: declared here
        _S_fractional_width()

llvm bug link: https://www.mail-archive.com/debian-bugs-dist@lists.debian.org/msg1928482.html

clang + libstdc++13 + C++20 will build failed when include chrono.

What is changing

use clang17 to solve this issue.

Example