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haoawesome committed Oct 15, 2014
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## 基本概念
[机器学习](http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0) 机器学习是近20多年兴起的一门多领域交叉学科,涉及概率论、统计学、逼近论、凸分析、算法复杂度理论等多门学科。机器学习理论主要是设计和分析一些让计算机可以自动“学习”的算法。机器学习算法是一类从数据中自动分析获得规律,并利用规律对未知数据进行预测的算法。因为学习算法中涉及了大量的统计学理论,机器学习与统计推断学联系尤为密切,也被称为统计学习理论。算法设计方面,机器学习理论关注可以实现的,行之有效的学习算法。

<img width=400 src="http://work.caltech.edu/images1/map.png"/>
机器学习概要图 (source: http://work.caltech.edu/library/181.html)
<img src="http://work.caltech.edu/images1/map.png"/>

图1: 机器学习概要图 (source: http://work.caltech.edu/library/181.html)

<img width=400 src="http://www.nltk.org/images/supervised-classification.png"/>

监督学习的工作流程图 (source: http://www.nltk.org/book/ch06.html)
<img src="http://www.nltk.org/images/supervised-classification.png"/>

图2: 监督学习的工作流程图 (source: http://www.nltk.org/book/ch06.html)



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