[SPARK-33472][SQL] Adjust RemoveRedundantSorts rule order

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR switched the order for the rule `RemoveRedundantSorts` and `EnsureRequirements` so that `EnsureRequirements` will be invoked before `RemoveRedundantSorts` to avoid IllegalArgumentException when instantiating PartitioningCollection.

### Why are the changes needed?
`RemoveRedundantSorts` rule uses SparkPlan's `outputPartitioning` to check whether a sort node is redundant. Currently, it is added before `EnsureRequirements`. Since `PartitioningCollection` requires left and right partitioning to have the same number of partitions, which is not necessarily true before applying `EnsureRequirements`, the rule can fail with the following exception:
```
IllegalArgumentException: requirement failed: PartitioningCollection requires all of its partitionings have the same numPartitions.
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No

### How was this patch tested?
Unit test

Closes #30373 from allisonwang-db/sort-follow-up.

Authored-by: allisonwang-db <66282705+allisonwang-db@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/QueryExecution.scala

@@ -343,8 +343,10 @@ object QueryExecution {
       PlanDynamicPruningFilters(sparkSession),
       PlanSubqueries(sparkSession),
       RemoveRedundantProjects,
-      RemoveRedundantSorts,
       EnsureRequirements,
+      // `RemoveRedundantSorts` needs to be added before `EnsureRequirements` to guarantee the same
+      // number of partitions when instantiating PartitioningCollection.
+      RemoveRedundantSorts,
       DisableUnnecessaryBucketedScan,
       ApplyColumnarRulesAndInsertTransitions(sparkSession.sessionState.columnarRules),
       CollapseCodegenStages(),

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/SparkPlan.scala

@@ -135,7 +135,12 @@ abstract class SparkPlan extends QueryPlan[SparkPlan] with Logging with Serializ
   def longMetric(name: String): SQLMetric = metrics(name)
 
   // TODO: Move to `DistributedPlan`
-  /** Specifies how data is partitioned across different nodes in the cluster. */
+  /**
+   * Specifies how data is partitioned across different nodes in the cluster.
+   * Note this method may fail if it is invoked before `EnsureRequirements` is applied
+   * since `PartitioningCollection` requires all its partitionings to have
+   * the same number of partitions.
+   */
   def outputPartitioning: Partitioning = UnknownPartitioning(0) // TODO: WRONG WIDTH!
 
   /**

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/adaptive/AdaptiveSparkPlanExec.scala

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ case class AdaptiveSparkPlanExec(
   // Exchange nodes) after running these rules.
   private def queryStagePreparationRules: Seq[Rule[SparkPlan]] = Seq(
     RemoveRedundantProjects,
-    RemoveRedundantSorts,
     EnsureRequirements,
+    RemoveRedundantSorts,
     DisableUnnecessaryBucketedScan
   ) ++ context.session.sessionState.queryStagePrepRules
 

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/RemoveRedundantSortsSuite.scala

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 package org.apache.spark.sql.execution
 
 import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, QueryTest}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.physical.{RangePartitioning, UnknownPartitioning}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.adaptive.{AdaptiveSparkPlanHelper, DisableAdaptiveExecutionSuite, EnableAdaptiveExecutionSuite}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.joins.ShuffledJoin
 import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
 import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SharedSparkSession
 
@@ -135,6 +137,32 @@ abstract class RemoveRedundantSortsSuiteBase
       }
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-33472: shuffled join with different left and right side partition numbers") {
+    withTempView("t1", "t2") {
+      spark.range(0, 100, 1, 2).select('id as "key").createOrReplaceTempView("t1")
+      (0 to 100).toDF("key").createOrReplaceTempView("t2")
+
+      val queryTemplate = """
+        |SELECT /*+ %s(t1) */ t1.key
+        |FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.key = t2.key
+        |WHERE t1.key > 10 AND t2.key < 50
+        |ORDER BY t1.key ASC
+      """.stripMargin
+
+      Seq(("MERGE", 3), ("SHUFFLE_HASH", 1)).foreach { case (hint, count) =>
+        val query = queryTemplate.format(hint)
+        val df = sql(query)
+        val sparkPlan = df.queryExecution.sparkPlan
+        val join = sparkPlan.collect { case j: ShuffledJoin => j }.head
+        val leftPartitioning = join.left.outputPartitioning
+        assert(leftPartitioning.isInstanceOf[RangePartitioning])
+        assert(leftPartitioning.numPartitions == 2)
+        assert(join.right.outputPartitioning == UnknownPartitioning(0))
+        checkSorts(query, count, count)
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 class RemoveRedundantSortsSuite extends RemoveRedundantSortsSuiteBase