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42 changes: 26 additions & 16 deletions docs/notes/16. 数值的整数次方.md
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# 16. 数值的整数次方

[NowCoder](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/1a834e5e3e1a4b7ba251417554e07c00?tpId=13&tqId=11165&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
## 题目链接

[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/1a834e5e3e1a4b7ba251417554e07c00?tpId=13&tqId=11165&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)

## 题目描述

给定double 类型的浮点数 baseint 类型的整数 exponent,求 baseexponent 次方。
给定个 double 类型的浮点数 xint 类型的整数 n,求 xn 次方。

## 解题思路

下面的讨论中 x 代表 basen 代表 exponent
<!-- <div align="center"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x^n=\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}x^{n/2}*x^{n/2}&&{n\%2=0}\\x*(x^{n/2}*x^{n/2})&&{n\%2=1}\end{array}\right." class="mathjax-pic"/></div> <br> -->

最直观的解法是将 x 重复乘 n 次,x\*x\*x...\*x,那么时间复杂度为 O(N)。因为乘法是可交换的,所以可以将上述操作拆开成两半 (x\*x..\*x)\* (x\*x..\*x),两半的计算是样的,因此只需要计算次。而且对于新拆开的计算,又可以继续拆开。这就是分治思想,将原问题的规模拆成多个规模较小的子问题,最后子问题的解合并起来。

本题中子问题是 x<sup>n/2</sup>,在将子问题合并时将子问题的解乘于自身相乘即可。但如果 n 不为偶数,那么拆成两半还会剩下x,在将子问题合并时还需要需要多乘于x


<!--<div align="center"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x^n=\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}(x*x)^{n/2}&&{n\%2=0}\\x*(x*x)^{n/2}&&{n\%2=1}\end{array}\right." class="mathjax-pic"/></div> <br>-->

<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/48b1d459-8832-4e92-938a-728aae730739.jpg" width="330px"> </div><br>
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201105012506187.png" width="400px"> </div><br>


因为 (x\*x)<sup>n/2</sup> 可以通过递归求解,并且每次递归 n 都减小半,因此整个算法的时间复杂度为 O(logN)。

```java
public double Power(double base, int exponent) {
if (exponent == 0)
return 1;
if (exponent == 1)
return base;
public double Power(double x, int n) {
boolean isNegative = false;
if (exponent < 0) {
exponent = -exponent;
if (n < 0) {
n = -n;
isNegative = true;
}
double pow = Power(base * base, exponent / 2);
if (exponent % 2 != 0)
pow = pow * base;
return isNegative ? 1 / pow : pow;
double res = pow(x, n);
return isNegative ? 1 / res : res;
}

private double pow(double x, int n) {
if (n == 0) return 1;
if (n == 1) return x;
double res = pow(x, n / 2);
res = res * res;
if (n % 2 != 0) res *= x;
return res;
}
```

Expand All @@ -40,4 +49,5 @@ public double Power(double base, int exponent) {




<div align="center"><img width="320px" src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/githubio/公众号二维码-2.png"></img></div>
42 changes: 26 additions & 16 deletions notes/16. 数值的整数次方.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,37 +1,46 @@
# 16. 数值的整数次方

[NowCoder](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/1a834e5e3e1a4b7ba251417554e07c00?tpId=13&tqId=11165&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
## 题目链接

[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/1a834e5e3e1a4b7ba251417554e07c00?tpId=13&tqId=11165&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)

## 题目描述

给定double 类型的浮点数 baseint 类型的整数 exponent,求 baseexponent 次方。
给定个 double 类型的浮点数 xint 类型的整数 n,求 xn 次方。

## 解题思路

下面的讨论中 x 代表 basen 代表 exponent
<!-- <div align="center"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x^n=\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}x^{n/2}*x^{n/2}&&{n\%2=0}\\x*(x^{n/2}*x^{n/2})&&{n\%2=1}\end{array}\right." class="mathjax-pic"/></div> <br> -->

最直观的解法是将 x 重复乘 n 次,x\*x\*x...\*x,那么时间复杂度为 O(N)。因为乘法是可交换的,所以可以将上述操作拆开成两半 (x\*x..\*x)\* (x\*x..\*x),两半的计算是样的,因此只需要计算次。而且对于新拆开的计算,又可以继续拆开。这就是分治思想,将原问题的规模拆成多个规模较小的子问题,最后子问题的解合并起来。

本题中子问题是 x<sup>n/2</sup>,在将子问题合并时将子问题的解乘于自身相乘即可。但如果 n 不为偶数,那么拆成两半还会剩下x,在将子问题合并时还需要需要多乘于x


<!--<div align="center"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?x^n=\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}(x*x)^{n/2}&&{n\%2=0}\\x*(x*x)^{n/2}&&{n\%2=1}\end{array}\right." class="mathjax-pic"/></div> <br>-->

<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/48b1d459-8832-4e92-938a-728aae730739.jpg" width="330px"> </div><br>
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/image-20201105012506187.png" width="400px"> </div><br>


因为 (x\*x)<sup>n/2</sup> 可以通过递归求解,并且每次递归 n 都减小半,因此整个算法的时间复杂度为 O(logN)。

```java
public double Power(double base, int exponent) {
if (exponent == 0)
return 1;
if (exponent == 1)
return base;
public double Power(double x, int n) {
boolean isNegative = false;
if (exponent < 0) {
exponent = -exponent;
if (n < 0) {
n = -n;
isNegative = true;
}
double pow = Power(base * base, exponent / 2);
if (exponent % 2 != 0)
pow = pow * base;
return isNegative ? 1 / pow : pow;
double res = pow(x, n);
return isNegative ? 1 / res : res;
}

private double pow(double x, int n) {
if (n == 0) return 1;
if (n == 1) return x;
double res = pow(x, n / 2);
res = res * res;
if (n % 2 != 0) res *= x;
return res;
}
```

Expand All @@ -40,4 +49,5 @@ public double Power(double base, int exponent) {




<div align="center"><img width="320px" src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/githubio/公众号二维码-2.png"></img></div>
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