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pip install protozfits
Table of Contents
If you are just starting with proto-z-fits files and would like to explore the file contents, try this:
>>> from protozfits import File
>>> example_path = 'protozfits/tests/resources/example_9evts_NectarCAM.fits.fz'
>>> file = File(example_path)
>>> file
File({
'RunHeader': Table(1xDataModel.CameraRunHeader),
'Events': Table(9xDataModel.CameraEvent)
})
From this we learn, the file contains two Table named RunHeader and Events which
contains 9 rows of type CameraEvent. There might be more tables with
other types of rows in other files. For instance LST has its RunHeader called CameraConfig.
Usually people just iterate over a whole Table like this:
for event in file.Events:
# do something with the event
passBut if you happen to know exactly which event you want, you can also directly get an event, like this:
event_17 = file.Events[17]You can also get a range of events, like this:
for event in file.Events[100:200]:
# do something events 100 until 200
passIt is not yet possible to specify negative indices, like file.Events[:-10]
does not work.
If you happen to have a list or any iterable or a generator with event ids you are interested in you can get the events in question like this:
interesting_event_ids = range(100, 200, 3)
for event in file.Events[interesting_event_ids]:
# do something with intesting events
passEven though there is usually only one run header per file, technically this single run header is stored in a Table. This table could contain multiple "rows" and to me it is not clear what this would mean... but technically it is possible.
At the moment I would recommend getting the run header out of the file we opened above like this (replace RunHeader with CameraConfig for LST data):
assert len(file.RunHeader) == 1
header = file.RunHeader[0]For now, I will just get the next event
event = file.Events[0]
type(event)
<class 'protozfits.CameraEvent'>
event._fields
('telescopeID', 'dateMJD', 'eventType', 'eventNumber', 'arrayEvtNum', 'hiGain', 'loGain', 'trig', 'head', 'muon', 'geometry', 'hilo_offset', 'hilo_scale', 'cameraCounters', 'moduleStatus', 'pixelPresence', 'acquisitionMode', 'uctsDataPresence', 'uctsData', 'tibDataPresence', 'tibData', 'swatDataPresence', 'swatData', 'chipsFlags', 'firstCapacitorIds', 'drsTagsHiGain', 'drsTagsLoGain', 'local_time_nanosec', 'local_time_sec', 'pixels_flags', 'trigger_map', 'event_type', 'trigger_input_traces', 'trigger_output_patch7', 'trigger_output_patch19', 'trigger_output_muon', 'gps_status', 'time_utc', 'time_ns', 'time_s', 'flags', 'ssc', 'pkt_len', 'muon_tag', 'trpdm', 'pdmdt', 'pdmt', 'daqtime', 'ptm', 'trpxlid', 'pdmdac', 'pdmpc', 'pdmhi', 'pdmlo', 'daqmode', 'varsamp', 'pdmsum', 'pdmsumsq', 'pulser', 'ftimeoffset', 'ftimestamp', 'num_gains')
event.hiGain.waveforms.samples
array([241, 245, 248, ..., 218, 214, 215], dtype=int16)An LST event will look something like so:
>>> event
CameraEvent(
configuration_id=1
event_id=1
tel_event_id=1
trigger_time_s=0
trigger_time_qns=0
trigger_type=0
waveform=array([ 0, 0, ..., 288, 263], dtype=uint16)
pixel_status=array([ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12], dtype=uint8)
ped_id=0
nectarcam=NectarCamEvent(
module_status=array([], dtype=float64)
extdevices_presence=0
tib_data=array([], dtype=float64)
cdts_data=array([], dtype=float64)
swat_data=array([], dtype=float64)
counters=array([], dtype=float64))
lstcam=LstCamEvent(
module_status=array([0, 1], dtype=uint8)
extdevices_presence=0
tib_data=array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=uint8)
cdts_data=array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=uint8)
swat_data=array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=uint8)
counters=array([ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 243, 170, 204,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=uint8)
chips_flags=array([ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61440,
245, 61440, 250, 61440, 253, 61440, 249], dtype=uint16)
first_capacitor_id=array([ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61440,
251, 61440, 251, 61440, 241, 61440, 245], dtype=uint16)
drs_tag_status=array([ 0, 12], dtype=uint8)
drs_tag=array([ 0, 0, ..., 2021, 2360], dtype=uint16))
digicam=DigiCamEvent(
))
>>> event.waveform
array([ 0, 0, 0, ..., 292, 288, 263], dtype=uint16)event supports tab-completion, which I regard as very important while exploring.
It is implemented using collections.namedtuple.
I tried to create a useful string represenation, it is very long, yes ... but I
hope you can still enjoy it:
>>> event
CameraEvent(
telescopeID=1
dateMJD=0.0
eventType=<eventType.NONE: 0>
eventNumber=97750287
arrayEvtNum=0
hiGain=PixelsChannel(
waveforms=WaveFormData(
samples=array([241, 245, ..., 214, 215], dtype=int16)
pixelsIndices=array([425, 461, ..., 727, 728], dtype=uint16)
firstSplIdx=array([], dtype=float64)
num_samples=0
baselines=array([232, 245, ..., 279, 220], dtype=int16)
peak_time_pos=array([], dtype=float64)
time_over_threshold=array([], dtype=float64))
integrals=IntegralData(
gains=array([], dtype=float64)
maximumTimes=array([], dtype=float64)
tailTimes=array([], dtype=float64)
raiseTimes=array([], dtype=float64)
pixelsIndices=array([], dtype=float64)
firstSplIdx=array([], dtype=float64)))
# [...]fits.fz files are still normal FITS files and
each Table in the file corresponds to a so called "BINTABLE" extension, which has a
header. You can access this header like this:
>>> file.Events
Table(100xDataModel.CameraEvent)
>>> file.Events.header
# this is just a sulection of all the contents of the header
XTENSION= 'BINTABLE' / binary table extension
BITPIX = 8 / 8-bit bytes
NAXIS = 2 / 2-dimensional binary table
NAXIS1 = 192 / width of table in bytes
NAXIS2 = 1 / number of rows in table
TFIELDS = 12 / number of fields in each row
EXTNAME = 'Events' / name of extension table
CHECKSUM= 'BnaGDmS9BmYGBmY9' / Checksum for the whole HDU
DATASUM = '1046602664' / Checksum for the data block
DATE = '2017-10-31T02:04:55' / File creation date
ORIGIN = 'CTA' / Institution that wrote the file
WORKPKG = 'ACTL' / Workpackage that wrote the file
DATEEND = '1970-01-01T00:00:00' / File closing date
PBFHEAD = 'DataModel.CameraEvent' / Written message name
CREATOR = 'N4ACTL2IO14ProtobufZOFitsE' / Class that wrote this file
COMPILED= 'Oct 26 2017 16:02:50' / Compile time
TIMESYS = 'UTC' / Time system
>>> file.Events.header['DATE']
'2017-10-31T02:04:55'
>>> type(file.Events.header)
<class 'astropy.io.fits.header.Header'>
The header is provided by astropy.
Well, indeed, converting the original google protobuf instances into namedtuples full of "useful" Python values takes time. And in case you for example know exactly what you want from the file, then you can get a speed up doing it like this:
>>> from protozfits import File
>>> file = File(example_path, pure_protobuf=True)
>>> event = next(file.Events)
>>> type(event)
<class 'L0_pb2.CameraEvent'>
Now iterating over the file is much faster then before. But you have no tab-completion and some contents are useless for you, but some are just fine:
>>> event.eventNumber
97750288 # <--- just fine
>>> event.hiGain.waveforms.samples
type: S16
data: "\362\000\355\000 ... " # <---- goes on "forever" .. utterly useless
>>> type(event.hiGain.waveforms.samples)
<class 'CoreMessages_pb2.AnyArray'>
You can convert these AnyArrays into numpy arrays like this:
>>> from protozfits import any_array_to_numpy
>>> any_array_to_numpy(event.hiGain.waveforms.samples)
array([242, 237, 234, ..., 218, 225, 229], dtype=int16)
So ... I hope based on this little example you can implement your own reader, which is optimized for your telescope.
If you have questions, please open an issue or a pull request to improve this documentation.
We all use Anaconda and this package is tested against Anaconda and python 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. You can download anaconda for your system for free.
You do not have to use a conda environment to use this package. It cleanly installs and uninstalls with pip. If you plan to play around with different versions of this package your might want to use environments though.
pip install https://github.com/cta-sst-1m/protozfitsreader/archive/v1.5.0.tar.gz
- Cannot import
_message, message along the lines of:
from google.protobuf.pyext import _message
ImportError: cannot import name _message
Try uninstalling conda-protobuf and reinstalling from pypi, like this:
conda uninstall protobuf --yes
pip install protobuf
If you use Anaconda this is not interesting for you, but if you use Miniconda, then please read on.
You could just pip install this and it would use pip to install all the dependencies.
But pip install <some package> is sometimes much slower than conda install <some package>.
Two of the requirements of this package are numpy and protobuf.
We think installing them with pip is very slow, so we recommend to
conda install numpy astropy
before pip-installing this package for your convenience.
This package contains pre-build binaries, which (at the moment) are required to be installed into your "site-packages" folder. Developers like to install packages they are currently developing like this:
pip install --editable .
Because then they can modify code and try it out without constant uninstall/install cycles. Unfortunately this nice development workcycle is not possible at the moment.
I personally do:
git clone https://github.com/cta-sst-1m/protozfitsreader
pip install protozfits
# play around ... modify ...
pip uninstall protozfits --yes && pip install protozfits
# play around ... modify ...
pip uninstall protozfits --yes && pip install protozfits
# and so on
The uninstall/install takes 1..2sec ... so it is rather ok... not perfect though.
The contents of this repo are based tar-balls thankfully generated by E. Lyard. The difference is explained on a seprate page.