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Merge pull request pallets-eco#720 from pallets/flaskr
adapt flaskr example to sqlalchemy
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venv/ | ||
*.pyc | ||
instance/ | ||
.pytest_cache/ | ||
.coverage | ||
htmlcov/ | ||
dist/ | ||
build/ | ||
*.egg-info/ | ||
.idea/ |
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Copyright 2010 Pallets | ||
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | ||
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are | ||
met: | ||
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | ||
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | ||
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | ||
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | ||
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | ||
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3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its | ||
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from | ||
this software without specific prior written permission. | ||
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS | ||
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT | ||
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A | ||
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT | ||
HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, | ||
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED | ||
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR | ||
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF | ||
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING | ||
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS | ||
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. |
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graft flaskr/static | ||
graft flaskr/templates | ||
graft tests | ||
global-exclude *.pyc |
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Flaskr | ||
====== | ||
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The basic blog app built in the Flask `tutorial`_, modified to use | ||
Flask-SQLAlchemy instead of plain SQL. | ||
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.. _tutorial: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/tutorial/ | ||
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Install | ||
------- | ||
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**Be sure to use the same version of the code as the version of the docs | ||
you're reading.** You probably want the latest tagged version, but the | ||
default Git version is the master branch. | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
# clone the repository | ||
$ git clone https://github.com/pallets/flask-sqlalchemy | ||
$ cd flask-sqlalchemy/examples/flaskr | ||
# checkout the correct version | ||
$ git checkout correct-version-tag | ||
Create a virtualenv and activate it: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ python3 -m venv venv | ||
$ . venv/bin/activate | ||
Or on Windows cmd: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ py -3 -m venv venv | ||
$ venv\Scripts\activate.bat | ||
Install Flaskr: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ pip install -e . | ||
Or if you are using the master branch, install Flask-SQLAlchemy from | ||
source before installing Flaskr: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ pip install -e ../.. | ||
$ pip install -e . | ||
Run | ||
--- | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ export FLASK_APP=flaskr | ||
$ export FLASK_ENV=development | ||
$ flask init-db | ||
$ flask run | ||
Or on Windows cmd: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
> set FLASK_APP=flaskr | ||
> set FLASK_ENV=development | ||
> flask init-db | ||
> flask run | ||
Open http://127.0.0.1:5000 in a browser. | ||
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Test | ||
---- | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ pip install -e '.[test]' | ||
$ pytest | ||
Run with coverage report: | ||
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.. code-block:: text | ||
$ coverage run -m pytest | ||
$ coverage report | ||
$ coverage html # open htmlcov/index.html in a browser |
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import os | ||
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import click | ||
from flask import Flask | ||
from flask.cli import with_appcontext | ||
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy | ||
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__version__ = (1, 0, 0, "dev") | ||
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db = SQLAlchemy() | ||
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def create_app(test_config=None): | ||
"""Create and configure an instance of the Flask application.""" | ||
app = Flask(__name__, instance_relative_config=True) | ||
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# some deploy systems set the database url in the environ | ||
db_url = os.environ.get("DATABASE_URL") | ||
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if db_url is None: | ||
# default to a sqlite database in the instance folder | ||
db_url = "sqlite:///" + os.path.join(app.instance_path, "flaskr.sqlite") | ||
# ensure the instance folder exists | ||
os.makedirs(app.instance_path, exist_ok=True) | ||
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app.config.from_mapping( | ||
# default secret that should be overridden in environ or config | ||
SECRET_KEY=os.environ.get("SECRET_KEY", "dev"), | ||
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI=db_url, | ||
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False, | ||
) | ||
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if test_config is None: | ||
# load the instance config, if it exists, when not testing | ||
app.config.from_pyfile("config.py", silent=True) | ||
else: | ||
# load the test config if passed in | ||
app.config.update(test_config) | ||
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# initialize Flask-SQLAlchemy and the init-db command | ||
db.init_app(app) | ||
app.cli.add_command(init_db_command) | ||
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# apply the blueprints to the app | ||
from flaskr import auth, blog | ||
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app.register_blueprint(auth.bp) | ||
app.register_blueprint(blog.bp) | ||
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# make "index" point at "/", which is handled by "blog.index" | ||
app.add_url_rule("/", endpoint="index") | ||
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return app | ||
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def init_db(): | ||
db.drop_all() | ||
db.create_all() | ||
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@click.command("init-db") | ||
@with_appcontext | ||
def init_db_command(): | ||
"""Clear existing data and create new tables.""" | ||
init_db() | ||
click.echo("Initialized the database.") |
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from .views import bp |
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from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property | ||
from werkzeug.security import check_password_hash | ||
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash | ||
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from flaskr import db | ||
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class User(db.Model): | ||
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) | ||
username = db.Column(db.String, unique=True, nullable=False) | ||
_password = db.Column("password", db.String, nullable=False) | ||
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@hybrid_property | ||
def password(self): | ||
return self._password | ||
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@password.setter | ||
def password(self, value): | ||
"""Store the password as a hash for security.""" | ||
self._password = generate_password_hash(value) | ||
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def check_password(self, value): | ||
return check_password_hash(self.password, value) |
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import functools | ||
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from flask import Blueprint | ||
from flask import flash | ||
from flask import g | ||
from flask import redirect | ||
from flask import render_template | ||
from flask import request | ||
from flask import session | ||
from flask import url_for | ||
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from flaskr import db | ||
from flaskr.auth.models import User | ||
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bp = Blueprint("auth", __name__, url_prefix="/auth") | ||
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def login_required(view): | ||
"""View decorator that redirects anonymous users to the login page.""" | ||
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@functools.wraps(view) | ||
def wrapped_view(**kwargs): | ||
if g.user is None: | ||
return redirect(url_for("auth.login")) | ||
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return view(**kwargs) | ||
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return wrapped_view | ||
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@bp.before_app_request | ||
def load_logged_in_user(): | ||
"""If a user id is stored in the session, load the user object from | ||
the database into ``g.user``.""" | ||
user_id = session.get("user_id") | ||
g.user = User.query.get(user_id) if user_id is not None else None | ||
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@bp.route("/register", methods=("GET", "POST")) | ||
def register(): | ||
"""Register a new user. | ||
Validates that the username is not already taken. Hashes the | ||
password for security. | ||
""" | ||
if request.method == "POST": | ||
username = request.form["username"] | ||
password = request.form["password"] | ||
error = None | ||
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if not username: | ||
error = "Username is required." | ||
elif not password: | ||
error = "Password is required." | ||
elif db.session.query( | ||
User.query.filter_by(username=username).exists() | ||
).scalar(): | ||
error = f"User {username} is already registered." | ||
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if error is None: | ||
# the name is available, create the user and go to the login page | ||
db.session.add(User(username=username, password=password)) | ||
db.session.commit() | ||
return redirect(url_for("auth.login")) | ||
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flash(error) | ||
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return render_template("auth/register.html") | ||
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@bp.route("/login", methods=("GET", "POST")) | ||
def login(): | ||
"""Log in a registered user by adding the user id to the session.""" | ||
if request.method == "POST": | ||
username = request.form["username"] | ||
password = request.form["password"] | ||
error = None | ||
user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first() | ||
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if user is None: | ||
error = "Incorrect username." | ||
elif not user.check_password(password): | ||
error = "Incorrect password." | ||
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if error is None: | ||
# store the user id in a new session and return to the index | ||
session.clear() | ||
session["user_id"] = user.id | ||
return redirect(url_for("index")) | ||
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flash(error) | ||
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return render_template("auth/login.html") | ||
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@bp.route("/logout") | ||
def logout(): | ||
"""Clear the current session, including the stored user id.""" | ||
session.clear() | ||
return redirect(url_for("index")) |
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from .views import bp |
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from flask import url_for | ||
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from flaskr import db | ||
from flaskr.auth.models import User | ||
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class Post(db.Model): | ||
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) | ||
author_id = db.Column(db.ForeignKey(User.id), nullable=False) | ||
created = db.Column( | ||
db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp() | ||
) | ||
title = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False) | ||
body = db.Column(db.String, nullable=False) | ||
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# User object backed by author_id | ||
# lazy="joined" means the user is returned with the post in one query | ||
author = db.relationship(User, lazy="joined", backref="posts") | ||
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@property | ||
def update_url(self): | ||
return url_for("blog.update", id=self.id) | ||
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@property | ||
def delete_url(self): | ||
return url_for("blog.delete", id=self.id) |
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