A simple pseudorandom generator written in Go, based on processor context switch
Randomness is hard to come by. Especially on deterministic machines like computers. Generally we settle for pseudorandomness, which closely resembles randomness, but actually isn't. The main sources of pseudorandomness in a computer are memory and CPU. There are other methods of generating random numbers with a computer using human input, such as keystrokes, mouseclicks and mouse movements. But those methods require constant new input from a human user. The context switch of the CPU is a good candidate for a pseudorandom generator, since it is hard to predict when the context switch will actually occur.
BitGenGo is a small program which spawns off two goroutines(threads) and they take turns setting a shared variable with a value(zero/one). Every time a bit is requested, the current value of the shared variable is returned. Since a context switch takes a certain amount of time, the user must set a time threshold for retreiving a bit (default is 25 milliseconds). This means the next bit can be requested only after the threshold time has passed since the retrieval of the previous bit. This ensures the shared variable will switch values several times before each request. Using pseudorandom bits the user can generate integers and strings of arbitrary ranges and sizes. It is recommended the user set his own threshold for security reasons (minimum of 20 milliseconds is advised). That way, if many bits are requested at once, they will be generated in unknown(to the attacker) and large enough intervals.
Flipping the shared variable bit is predicated on acquiring a lock. This enforces a sequential flipping of the bit.
However, when a user performs a bit read it does not require a lock. The reason is that we do not care about race conditions in this case, we only care about the unpredictability of the result.
Furthermore, introducing such a lock incurs a performance hit. You already have a minimal threshold time you have to wait between bit reads. Having to acquire a lock will only make things worse.
For this reason do not use -race flag when running tests. For details refer to the Benchmark Reads section.
Generating random integers in a given range from random bits is not a trivial task. There are many ways to screw things up and create a biased distribution. In order to generate random integers, BitGenGo uses a technique called rejection sampling, where you draw a number from a uniform distribution and throw away the ones' that are out of the desired range. The probability of drawing a number within the range is at least 50%. This technique is detailed in an excellent blog post by Dmitri DeFigueirdo called "Generating random integers from random bytes".
Get the code:
go get github.com/maxamel/BitGenGo
Import it:
import "github.com/maxamel/BitGenGo"
Generating a pseudorandom bit:
rnd, _ := rand.NewRandomizer(25)
rnd.Powerup()
b, _ := rnd.GetBit()
rnd.Shutdown()
// b contains a pseudorandom bit
Generating a bunch of pseudorandom bits:
rnd, _ := rand.NewRandomizer(22)
rnd.Powerup()
array, _ := rnd.GetBits(50)
rnd.Shutdown()
// array contains 50 pseudorandom bits
Generating a pseudorandom integer:
rnd, _ := rand.NewRandomizer(44)
rnd.Powerup()
b, _ := rnd.GetInt(10,100)
rnd.Shutdown()
// b contains a pseudorandom integer in range 10<->100
Generating a bunch of pseudorandom integers:
rnd, _ := rand.NewRandomizer(36)
rnd.Powerup()
array, _ := rnd.GetInts(10,10,100)
rnd.Shutdown()
// array contains 10 pseudorandom integers in range 10<->100
If you want to mess with the code yourself, you need to install Task build tool.
Use the command task build to build the code, format it and run tests.
There is no bullet-proof way to measure the quality of randomness being produced from a generator. However, there are tools out there to provide an insight on how random is a sequence produced by such a generator.
One of them is the Linux utility dieharder (apt-get install dieharder), which conducts many statistical tests and determines how random the numbers really are. BitGenGo has been tested against dieharder, and compared to results of other generators.
For more information, read the Benchmark Randomness section.
Because of the dependency on context switch we must wait for some time before outputting the next bit. This leads to a situation where a long sequence of bits is a time consuming operation. A possible solution can be a preprocessing phase, where you fetch a lengthy sequence of bits (however long that takes), and store it for later use.
The program was run against a dieharder suite and compared to the results of running dieharder against random bits from the regular crypto/rand golang library,
and against random bits generated from random.org, which is supposed to be truely random (as the source of randomness is atmospheric noise).
This experiment was repeated mutltiple times, with similar results. Below you can find sample runs of dieharder with default parameters.
The output of running dieharder -a -f output.txt where output.txt is a file containing a stream of bits, and the machine is a VM - Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU, 2.67GHz:
0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,
0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,
1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,
0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,
0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,
0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,
1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,
1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,
0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,
1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,
1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,
0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,
0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,
0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,
0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0
#=============================================================================#
# dieharder version 3.31.1 Copyright 2003 Robert G. Brown #
#=============================================================================#
rng_name | filename |rands/second|
mt19937| randomgo| 3.97e+07 |
#=============================================================================#
test_name |ntup| tsamples |psamples| p-value |Assessment
#=============================================================================#
diehard_birthdays| 0| 100| 100|0.14645319| PASSED
diehard_operm5| 0| 1000000| 100|0.58258306| PASSED
diehard_rank_32x32| 0| 40000| 100|0.26509050| PASSED
diehard_rank_6x8| 0| 100000| 100|0.88581102| PASSED
diehard_bitstream| 0| 2097152| 100|0.84882352| PASSED
diehard_opso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.16036919| PASSED
diehard_oqso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.35491955| PASSED
diehard_dna| 0| 2097152| 100|0.06265474| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_str| 0| 256000| 100|0.02711762| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_byt| 0| 256000| 100|0.40173057| PASSED
diehard_parking_lot| 0| 12000| 100|0.43824831| PASSED
diehard_2dsphere| 2| 8000| 100|0.78779991| PASSED
diehard_3dsphere| 3| 4000| 100|0.03947804| PASSED
diehard_squeeze| 0| 100000| 100|0.48464408| PASSED
diehard_sums| 0| 100| 100|0.88161131| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.62935448| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.15721506| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.21382755| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.89466284| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.44160385| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.94716786| PASSED
sts_monobit| 1| 100000| 100|0.51016024| PASSED
sts_runs| 2| 100000| 100|0.94200664| PASSED
sts_serial| 1| 100000| 100|0.31836211| PASSED
sts_serial| 2| 100000| 100|0.48766889| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.85996072| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.17974708| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.97979360| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.74230018| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.08834865| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.12955736| PASSED
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.09682240| PASSED
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.76362183| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.18370740| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.69436163| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.39994848| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.35910306| PASSED
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.92711207| PASSED
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.44987712| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.12048954| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.04354006| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.00583977| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.91567852| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.73583989| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.34358994| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.01875896| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.00180133| WEAK
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.58391481| PASSED
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.71582112| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.33275385| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.62331385| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.42103242| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.79005509| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 1| 100000| 100|0.80515041| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 2| 100000| 100|0.41057991| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 3| 100000| 100|0.05407465| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 4| 100000| 100|0.12503986| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 5| 100000| 100|0.71355278| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 6| 100000| 100|0.45489383| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 7| 100000| 100|0.89858801| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 8| 100000| 100|0.24359458| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 9| 100000| 100|0.65207382| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 10| 100000| 100|0.90008269| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 11| 100000| 100|0.76669106| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 12| 100000| 100|0.92969446| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 2| 10000| 1000|0.34930473| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 3| 10000| 1000|0.75643402| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 4| 10000| 1000|0.02216321| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 5| 10000| 1000|0.84796766| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 2| 100000| 100|0.46102437| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 3| 100000| 100|0.91557603| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 4| 100000| 100|0.41965353| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 5| 100000| 100|0.18085561| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 0| 1000000| 100|0.98983058| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 1| 1000000| 100|0.98148563| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 2| 1000000| 100|0.94315273| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 3| 1000000| 100|0.96660101| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 4| 1000000| 100|0.01520343| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 5| 1000000| 100|0.84046122| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 6| 1000000| 100|0.39765759| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 7| 1000000| 100|0.78608922| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 8| 1000000| 100|0.51781081| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 9| 1000000| 100|0.87443790| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 10| 1000000| 100|0.69314392| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 11| 1000000| 100|0.86979691| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 12| 1000000| 100|0.98641683| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 13| 1000000| 100|0.73669787| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 14| 1000000| 100|0.36742420| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 15| 1000000| 100|0.04380533| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 16| 1000000| 100|0.78765231| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 17| 1000000| 100|0.64937734| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 18| 1000000| 100|0.16596301| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 19| 1000000| 100|0.90832752| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 20| 1000000| 100|0.89498862| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 21| 1000000| 100|0.77707384| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 22| 1000000| 100|0.93530502| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 23| 1000000| 100|0.53756476| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 24| 1000000| 100|0.99995424| WEAK
rgb_lagged_sum| 25| 1000000| 100|0.35188642| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 26| 1000000| 100|0.42811134| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 27| 1000000| 100|0.05295153| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 28| 1000000| 100|0.41155895| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 29| 1000000| 100|0.05748314| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 30| 1000000| 100|0.97335320| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 31| 1000000| 100|0.54750045| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 32| 1000000| 100|0.01535850| PASSED
rgb_kstest_test| 0| 10000| 1000|0.53113556| PASSED
dab_bytedistrib| 0| 51200000| 1|0.69810655| PASSED
dab_dct| 256| 50000| 1|0.77418164| PASSED
Preparing to run test 207. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.74650143| PASSED
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.32808436| PASSED
Preparing to run test 208. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree2| 0| 5000000| 1|0.68034268| PASSED
dab_filltree2| 1| 5000000| 1|0.96396563| PASSED
Preparing to run test 209. ntuple = 0
dab_monobit2| 12| 65000000| 1|0.08748562| PASSED
Running dieharder against a random.org generated sequence of bits:
0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,
1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,
1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,
1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,
0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,
1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,
0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,
0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,
0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,
1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,
0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,
1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0
#=============================================================================#
# dieharder version 3.31.1 Copyright 2003 Robert G. Brown #
#=============================================================================#
rng_name | filename |rands/second|
mt19937| randomnums| 1.69e+07 |
#=============================================================================#
test_name |ntup| tsamples |psamples| p-value |Assessment
#=============================================================================#
diehard_birthdays| 0| 100| 100|0.76021038| PASSED
diehard_operm5| 0| 1000000| 100|0.87789200| PASSED
diehard_rank_32x32| 0| 40000| 100|0.93188811| PASSED
diehard_rank_6x8| 0| 100000| 100|0.97648642| PASSED
diehard_bitstream| 0| 2097152| 100|0.91484347| PASSED
diehard_opso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.91264493| PASSED
diehard_oqso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.40305522| PASSED
diehard_dna| 0| 2097152| 100|0.75510708| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_str| 0| 256000| 100|0.34667112| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_byt| 0| 256000| 100|0.80613635| PASSED
diehard_parking_lot| 0| 12000| 100|0.16555261| PASSED
diehard_2dsphere| 2| 8000| 100|0.37350508| PASSED
diehard_3dsphere| 3| 4000| 100|0.19300114| PASSED
diehard_squeeze| 0| 100000| 100|0.50776984| PASSED
diehard_sums| 0| 100| 100|0.72990953| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.12719027| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.13112442| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.62592003| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.85143334| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.35118735| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.52471592| PASSED
sts_monobit| 1| 100000| 100|0.90128514| PASSED
sts_runs| 2| 100000| 100|0.69157545| PASSED
sts_serial| 1| 100000| 100|0.07029455| PASSED
sts_serial| 2| 100000| 100|0.58345893| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.01658495| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.38747318| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.37470336| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.85738119| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.20124750| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.53397791| PASSED
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.99855222| WEAK
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.56569057| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.85635292| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.52623501| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.93016566| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.57008488| PASSED
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.99953071| WEAK
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.77072022| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.89889022| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.20196711| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.35271495| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.32620586| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.45588983| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.83232332| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.47234473| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.62397219| PASSED
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.47925238| PASSED
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.17785689| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.84423576| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.78887692| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.23324668| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.13210633| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 1| 100000| 100|0.90902857| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 2| 100000| 100|0.48849832| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 3| 100000| 100|0.50252503| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 4| 100000| 100|0.64082451| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 5| 100000| 100|0.99894802| WEAK
rgb_bitdist| 6| 100000| 100|0.59094661| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 7| 100000| 100|0.90737236| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 8| 100000| 100|0.60371197| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 9| 100000| 100|0.43716740| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 10| 100000| 100|0.67061561| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 11| 100000| 100|0.12145088| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 12| 100000| 100|0.79585037| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 2| 10000| 1000|0.85779718| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 3| 10000| 1000|0.31981110| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 4| 10000| 1000|0.94245513| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 5| 10000| 1000|0.20227614| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 2| 100000| 100|0.19543365| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 3| 100000| 100|0.47565995| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 4| 100000| 100|0.97073560| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 5| 100000| 100|0.82556367| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 0| 1000000| 100|0.10798801| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 1| 1000000| 100|0.76569848| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 2| 1000000| 100|0.87782267| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 3| 1000000| 100|0.92803995| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 4| 1000000| 100|0.68954243| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 5| 1000000| 100|0.68294065| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 6| 1000000| 100|0.70084783| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 7| 1000000| 100|0.32059376| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 8| 1000000| 100|0.83511698| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 9| 1000000| 100|0.76500218| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 10| 1000000| 100|0.42151679| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 11| 1000000| 100|0.99980510| WEAK
rgb_lagged_sum| 12| 1000000| 100|0.75108028| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 13| 1000000| 100|0.25371872| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 14| 1000000| 100|0.94110845| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 15| 1000000| 100|0.42336887| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 16| 1000000| 100|0.95470641| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 17| 1000000| 100|0.95464046| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 18| 1000000| 100|0.27113912| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 19| 1000000| 100|0.77094179| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 20| 1000000| 100|0.30122851| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 21| 1000000| 100|0.86826027| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 22| 1000000| 100|0.95232510| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 23| 1000000| 100|0.97846721| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 24| 1000000| 100|0.96943131| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 25| 1000000| 100|0.43883895| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 26| 1000000| 100|0.31614349| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 27| 1000000| 100|0.38367613| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 28| 1000000| 100|0.38993935| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 29| 1000000| 100|0.11205049| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 30| 1000000| 100|0.12733273| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 31| 1000000| 100|0.62217458| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 32| 1000000| 100|0.22435488| PASSED
rgb_kstest_test| 0| 10000| 1000|0.09361493| PASSED
dab_bytedistrib| 0| 51200000| 1|0.71341985| PASSED
dab_dct| 256| 50000| 1|0.08468585| PASSED
Preparing to run test 207. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.63628160| PASSED
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.01162037| PASSED
Preparing to run test 208. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree2| 0| 5000000| 1|0.63080808| PASSED
dab_filltree2| 1| 5000000| 1|0.34832488| PASSED
Preparing to run test 209. ntuple = 0
dab_monobit2| 12| 65000000| 1|0.88664311| PASSED
Running dieharder against a sequence of bits generated by crypto/rand golang library:
1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,
1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,
1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,
0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,
1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,
0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,
0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,
1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,
0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,
1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,
1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,
1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,
0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,
1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,
0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,
0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,
1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
#=============================================================================#
# dieharder version 3.31.1 Copyright 2003 Robert G. Brown #
#=============================================================================#
rng_name | filename |rands/second|
mt19937| output.txt| 5.49e+07 |
#=============================================================================#
test_name |ntup| tsamples |psamples| p-value |Assessment
#=============================================================================#
diehard_birthdays| 0| 100| 100|0.85096319| PASSED
diehard_operm5| 0| 1000000| 100|0.88243397| PASSED
diehard_rank_32x32| 0| 40000| 100|0.00845001| PASSED
diehard_rank_6x8| 0| 100000| 100|0.62170755| PASSED
diehard_bitstream| 0| 2097152| 100|0.76790525| PASSED
diehard_opso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.82657601| PASSED
diehard_oqso| 0| 2097152| 100|0.50447128| PASSED
diehard_dna| 0| 2097152| 100|0.90018561| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_str| 0| 256000| 100|0.92301820| PASSED
diehard_count_1s_byt| 0| 256000| 100|0.92954593| PASSED
diehard_parking_lot| 0| 12000| 100|0.59288414| PASSED
diehard_2dsphere| 2| 8000| 100|0.99886968| WEAK
diehard_3dsphere| 3| 4000| 100|0.70804912| PASSED
diehard_squeeze| 0| 100000| 100|0.51955892| PASSED
diehard_sums| 0| 100| 100|0.04050141| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.08290753| PASSED
diehard_runs| 0| 100000| 100|0.00659821| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.61106362| PASSED
diehard_craps| 0| 200000| 100|0.46064835| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.96802629| PASSED
marsaglia_tsang_gcd| 0| 10000000| 100|0.05576047| PASSED
sts_monobit| 1| 100000| 100|0.84833576| PASSED
sts_runs| 2| 100000| 100|0.62863770| PASSED
sts_serial| 1| 100000| 100|0.17273745| PASSED
sts_serial| 2| 100000| 100|0.94035597| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.91251841| PASSED
sts_serial| 3| 100000| 100|0.11541066| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.67363467| PASSED
sts_serial| 4| 100000| 100|0.32413002| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.85588559| PASSED
sts_serial| 5| 100000| 100|0.82555870| PASSED
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.99903403| WEAK
sts_serial| 6| 100000| 100|0.45989177| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.98165606| PASSED
sts_serial| 7| 100000| 100|0.96620579| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.82414075| PASSED
sts_serial| 8| 100000| 100|0.82192611| PASSED
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.99979841| WEAK
sts_serial| 9| 100000| 100|0.68555978| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.97248299| PASSED
sts_serial| 10| 100000| 100|0.61277012| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.97983975| PASSED
sts_serial| 11| 100000| 100|0.60298914| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.35799143| PASSED
sts_serial| 12| 100000| 100|0.11585606| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.36122365| PASSED
sts_serial| 13| 100000| 100|0.58228268| PASSED
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.90749308| PASSED
sts_serial| 14| 100000| 100|0.30169257| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.92278239| PASSED
sts_serial| 15| 100000| 100|0.19233282| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.81709344| PASSED
sts_serial| 16| 100000| 100|0.57064259| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 1| 100000| 100|0.71003770| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 2| 100000| 100|0.71190226| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 3| 100000| 100|0.05803076| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 4| 100000| 100|0.28185890| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 5| 100000| 100|0.04750198| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 6| 100000| 100|0.80691178| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 7| 100000| 100|0.11570837| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 8| 100000| 100|0.75682355| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 9| 100000| 100|0.75280349| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 10| 100000| 100|0.05735866| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 11| 100000| 100|0.86320370| PASSED
rgb_bitdist| 12| 100000| 100|0.67033997| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 2| 10000| 1000|0.96169713| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 3| 10000| 1000|0.92084169| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 4| 10000| 1000|0.21810546| PASSED
rgb_minimum_distance| 5| 10000| 1000|0.94409250| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 2| 100000| 100|0.30648918| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 3| 100000| 100|0.42409814| PASSED
rgb_permutations| 4| 100000| 100|0.99984220| WEAK
rgb_permutations| 5| 100000| 100|0.45579836| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 0| 1000000| 100|0.12108170| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 1| 1000000| 100|0.75402463| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 2| 1000000| 100|0.64425111| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 3| 1000000| 100|0.75102734| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 4| 1000000| 100|0.78549321| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 5| 1000000| 100|0.96463030| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 6| 1000000| 100|0.67608586| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 7| 1000000| 100|0.38582042| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 8| 1000000| 100|0.92808802| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 9| 1000000| 100|0.83434228| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 10| 1000000| 100|0.69653308| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 11| 1000000| 100|0.99910044| WEAK
rgb_lagged_sum| 12| 1000000| 100|0.67685643| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 13| 1000000| 100|0.66429080| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 14| 1000000| 100|0.54177183| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 15| 1000000| 100|0.87071725| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 16| 1000000| 100|0.36883843| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 17| 1000000| 100|0.24641922| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 18| 1000000| 100|0.77965464| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 19| 1000000| 100|0.85540420| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 20| 1000000| 100|0.98286794| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 21| 1000000| 100|0.58745437| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 22| 1000000| 100|0.76751250| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 23| 1000000| 100|0.19003378| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 24| 1000000| 100|0.86760975| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 25| 1000000| 100|0.73878938| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 26| 1000000| 100|0.24219233| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 27| 1000000| 100|0.19997654| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 28| 1000000| 100|0.51552862| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 29| 1000000| 100|0.71149680| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 30| 1000000| 100|0.93930019| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 31| 1000000| 100|0.83605109| PASSED
rgb_lagged_sum| 32| 1000000| 100|0.29115500| PASSED
rgb_kstest_test| 0| 10000| 1000|0.12598876| PASSED
dab_bytedistrib| 0| 51200000| 1|0.53086347| PASSED
dab_dct| 256| 50000| 1|0.43144420| PASSED
Preparing to run test 207. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.46631202| PASSED
dab_filltree| 32| 15000000| 1|0.43452715| PASSED
Preparing to run test 208. ntuple = 0
dab_filltree2| 0| 5000000| 1|0.87142997| PASSED
dab_filltree2| 1| 5000000| 1|0.41700234| PASSED
Preparing to run test 209. ntuple = 0
dab_monobit2| 12| 65000000| 1|0.80886835| PASSED
As can be seen, BitGenGo has even less weak tests than random.org and crypto/rand of golang. As the dieharder tests are statistical tests, it is quite normal for a good pseudorandom generator to produce a few weak results, and even fail a couple.
For more information regarding the significance of the results refer to the dieharder documentation (man dieharder).
In order to test the performance hit of adding a lock on read, the program was run with and without such a lock and compared. To reproduce the results you will need the program from the main branch (without lock) and the program from SyncReadBit branch (with lock). Simple program to measure the time between fetching bits (minimum threshold of 20 milliseconds):
func measureTime() {
rnd, _ := rand.NewRandomizer(20)
rnd.Powerup()
a := time.Now().UnixNano() / int64(time.Millisecond)
for i:=0; i<100; i++ {
rnd.GetBit()
b := time.Now().UnixNano() / int64(time.Millisecond)
fmt.Println(b-a)
a = b
}
rnd.Shutdown()
}
Get minimum, maximum and average using awk:
awk '{if(min==""){min=max=$1}; if($1>max) {max=$1}; if($1<min) {min=$1}; total+=$1; count+=1} END {print total/count, max, min}'
Pipe the output from the time measuring program into the awk snippet and get the results. Results of five runs in each mode (time in milliseconds):
Without lock With lock
Avg Max Min Avg Max Min
28.43 45 20 34.43 53 20
26.72 53 20 32.95 57 20
26.89 45 20 33.24 60 20
26.55 43 20 34.21 55 20
27.72 50 20 33.18 56 20
As expected, the maximum and average time of fetching a bit is longer when having to acquire a lock.
The purpose of this project is to explore the processor as a source of pseudorandomness. It is not supposed to be used in any production environments and should not be considered secure.
Published under the MIT License. This basically means the software is free and anyone can use it however they wish. No liability or warranty.