[js/webgpu] allow setting env.webgpu.adapter

js/common/lib/env.ts

@@ -166,16 +166,20 @@ export declare namespace Env {
      */
     forceFallbackAdapter?: boolean;
     /**
-     * Get the adapter for WebGPU.
+     * Set or get the adapter for WebGPU.
      *
-     * This property is only available after the first WebGPU inference session is created.
+     * Setting this property only has effect before the first WebGPU inference session is created. The value will be
+     * used as the GPU adapter for the underlying WebGPU backend to create GPU device.
+     *
+     * If this property is not set, it will be available to get after the first WebGPU inference session is created. The
+     * value will be the GPU adapter that created by the underlying WebGPU backend.
      *
      * When use with TypeScript, the type of this property is `GPUAdapter` defined in "@webgpu/types".
      * Use `const adapter = env.webgpu.adapter as GPUAdapter;` in TypeScript to access this property with correct type.
      *
      * see comments on {@link GpuBufferType}
      */
-    readonly adapter: unknown;
+    adapter: unknown;
     /**
      * Get the device for WebGPU.
      *

js/web/lib/wasm/jsep/backend-webgpu.ts

@@ -252,8 +252,10 @@ export class WebGpuBackend {
       }
     };
 
-    Object.defineProperty(this.env.webgpu, 'device', {value: this.device});
-    Object.defineProperty(this.env.webgpu, 'adapter', {value: adapter});
+    Object.defineProperty(
+        this.env.webgpu, 'device', {value: this.device, writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false});
+    Object.defineProperty(
+        this.env.webgpu, 'adapter', {value: adapter, writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false});
 
     // init queryType, which is necessary for InferenceSession.create
     this.setQueryType();

js/web/lib/wasm/wasm-core-impl.ts

@@ -89,18 +89,26 @@ export const initEp = async(env: Env, epName: string): Promise<void> => {
     if (typeof navigator === 'undefined' || !navigator.gpu) {
       throw new Error('WebGPU is not supported in current environment');
     }
-    const powerPreference = env.webgpu?.powerPreference;
-    if (powerPreference !== undefined && powerPreference !== 'low-power' && powerPreference !== 'high-performance') {
-      throw new Error(`Invalid powerPreference setting: "${powerPreference}"`);
-    }
-    const forceFallbackAdapter = env.webgpu?.forceFallbackAdapter;
-    if (forceFallbackAdapter !== undefined && typeof forceFallbackAdapter !== 'boolean') {
-      throw new Error(`Invalid forceFallbackAdapter setting: "${forceFallbackAdapter}"`);
-    }
-    const adapter = await navigator.gpu.requestAdapter({powerPreference, forceFallbackAdapter});
+    let adapter = env.webgpu.adapter as GPUAdapter | null;
     if (!adapter) {
-      throw new Error(
-          'Failed to get GPU adapter. You may need to enable flag "--enable-unsafe-webgpu" if you are using Chrome.');
+      const powerPreference = env.webgpu.powerPreference;
+      if (powerPreference !== undefined && powerPreference !== 'low-power' && powerPreference !== 'high-performance') {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid powerPreference setting: "${powerPreference}"`);
+      }
+      const forceFallbackAdapter = env.webgpu.forceFallbackAdapter;
+      if (forceFallbackAdapter !== undefined && typeof forceFallbackAdapter !== 'boolean') {
+        throw new Error(`Invalid forceFallbackAdapter setting: "${forceFallbackAdapter}"`);
+      }
+      adapter = await navigator.gpu.requestAdapter({powerPreference, forceFallbackAdapter});
+      if (!adapter) {
+        throw new Error(
+            'Failed to get GPU adapter. You may need to enable flag "--enable-unsafe-webgpu" if you are using Chrome.');
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (typeof adapter.limits !== 'object' || typeof adapter.features !== 'object' ||
+          typeof adapter.requestDevice !== 'function') {
+        throw new Error('Invalid GPU adapter set in `env.webgpu.adapter`. It must be a GPUAdapter object.');
+      }
     }
 
     if (!env.wasm.simd) {