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Cloud Posse

Terraform module to create AWS Security Group and rules.


This project is part of our comprehensive "SweetOps" approach towards DevOps.

Terraform Open Source Modules

It's 100% Open Source and licensed under the APACHE2.

We literally have hundreds of terraform modules that are Open Source and well-maintained. Check them out!

Security & Compliance

Security scanning is graciously provided by Bridgecrew. Bridgecrew is the leading fully hosted, cloud-native solution providing continuous Terraform security and compliance.

Benchmark Description
Infrastructure Security Infrastructure Security Compliance
CIS KUBERNETES Center for Internet Security, KUBERNETES Compliance
CIS AWS Center for Internet Security, AWS Compliance
CIS AZURE Center for Internet Security, AZURE Compliance
PCI-DSS Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards Compliance
NIST-800-53 National Institute of Standards and Technology Compliance
ISO27001 Information Security Management System, ISO/IEC 27001 Compliance
SOC2 Service Organization Control 2 Compliance
CIS GCP Center for Internet Security, GCP Compliance
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Compliance

Usage

IMPORTANT: We do not pin modules to versions in our examples because of the difficulty of keeping the versions in the documentation in sync with the latest released versions. We highly recommend that in your code you pin the version to the exact version you are using so that your infrastructure remains stable, and update versions in a systematic way so that they do not catch you by surprise.

Also, because of a bug in the Terraform registry (hashicorp/terraform#21417), the registry shows many of our inputs as required when in fact they are optional. The table below correctly indicates which inputs are required.

This module is primarily for setting security group rules on a security group. You can provide the ID of an existing security group to modify, or, by default, this module will create a new security group and apply the given rules to it.

rules and rules_map inputs

This module provides 3 ways to set security group rules. You can use any or all of them at the same time.

The easy way to specify rules is via the rules input. It takes a list of rules. (We will define a rule a bit later.) The problem is that a Terraform list must be composed of elements that are all the exact same type, and rules can be any of several different Terraform types. So to get around this restriction, the second way to specify rules is via the rules_map input, which is more complex.

Why the input is so complex (click to reveal)
  • Terraform has 3 basic simple types: bool, number, string
  • Terraform then has 3 collections of simple types: list, map, and set
  • Terraform then has 2 structural types: object and tuple. However, these are not really single types. They are catch-all labels for values that are themselves combination of other values. (This will become a bit clearer after we define maps and contrast them with objects)

One rule of the collection types is that the values in the collections must all be the exact same type. For example, you cannot have a list where some values are boolean and some are string. Maps require that all keys be strings, but the map values can be any type, except again all the values in a map must be the same type. In other words, the values of a map must form a valid list.

Objects look just like maps. The difference between an object and a map is that the values in an object do not all have to be the same type.

The "type" of an object is itself an object: the keys are the same, and the values are the types of the values in the object.

So although { foo = "bar", baz = {} } and { foo = "bar", baz = [] } are both objects, they are not of the same type. This means you cannot put them both in the same list or the same map, even though you can put them in a single tuple or object. Similarly, and closer to the problem at hand,

cidr_rule = {
  type        = "ingress"
  cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}

is not the same type as

self_rule = {
  type        = "ingress"
  self        = true
}

This means you cannot put both of those in the same list.

rules = tolist([local.cidr_rule, local.self_rule])

Generates the error

Invalid value for "v" parameter: cannot convert tuple to list of any single type.

You could make them the same type and put them in a list, like this:

rules = tolist([{
  type        = "ingress"
  cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  self        = null
},
{
  type        = "ingress"
  cidr_blocks = []
  self        = true
}])

That remains an option for you when generating the rules, and is probably better when you have full control over all the rules. However, what if some of the rules are coming from a source outside of your control? You cannot simply add those rules to your list. So, what to do? Create an object whose attributes' values can be of different types.

{ mine = local.my_rules, theirs = var.their_rules }

That is why the rules_map input is available. It will accept a structure like that, an object whose attribute values are lists of rules, where the lists themselves can be different types.

The rules_map input takes an object.

  • The attribute names (keys) of the object can be anything you want, but need to be known during terraform plan, which means they cannot depend on any resources created or changed by Terraform.
  • The values of the attributes are lists of rule objects, each object representing one Security Group Rule. As explained above in "Why the input is so complex", each object in the list must be exactly the same type. To use multiple types, you must put them in separate lists which are values of separate attributes.
Definition of a rule

For this module, a rule is defined as an object.

  • The attributes and values of the rule objects are fully compatible (have the same keys and accept the same values) as the Terraform aws_security_group_rule resource, except
    • The security_group_id will be ignored, if present
    • You can include an optional key attribute. If present, its value must be unique among all security group rules in the security group, and it must be known in the Terraform "plan" phase, meaning it cannot depend on anything being generated or created by Terraform.

The key attribute value, if provided, will be used to identify the Security Group Rule to Terraform in order to prevent Terraform from modifying it unnecessarily. If the key is not provided, Terraform will assign an identifier based on the rule's position in its list, which can cause a ripple effect of rules being deleted and recreated if a rule gets deleted from start of a list, causing all the other rules to shift position. See "Unexpected changes..." below for more details.

rule_matrix input

The other way to set rules is via the rule_matrix input. This splits the attributes of the aws_security_group_rule resource into two sets: one set defines the rule and description, the other set defines the subjects of the rule. Again, optional "key" values can provide stability, but cannot contain derived values.

As with rules and explained above in "Why the input is so complex", all elements of the list must be the exact same type. This also holds for all the elements of the rules_matrix.rules list. Because rule_matrix is already so complex, we do not provide the ability to mix types by packing object within more objects. All of the elements of the rule_matrix list must be exactly the same type. You can make them all the same type by following a few rules:

  • Every object in a list must have the exact same set of attributes. Most attributes are optional and can be omitted, but any attribute appearing in one object must appear in all the objects.
  • Any attribute that takes a list value in any object must contain a list in all objects. Use an empty list rather than null to indicate "no value". Passing in null instead of a list may cause Terraform to crash or emit confusing error messages (e.g. "number is required").
  • Any attribute that takes a value of type other than list can be set to null in objects where no value is needed.

The schema for rule_matrix is:

{
  # these top level lists define all the subjects to which rule_matrix rules will be applied
  key                       = an optional unique key to keep these rules from being affected when other rules change
  source_security_group_ids = list of source security group IDs to apply all rules to
  cidr_blocks               = list of ipv4 CIDR blocks to apply all rules to
  ipv6_cidr_blocks          = list of ipv6 CIDR blocks to apply all rules to
  prefix_list_ids           = list of prefix list IDs to apply all rules to

  self = boolean value; set it to "true" to apply the rules to the created or existing security group, null otherwise

  # each rule in the rules list will be applied to every subject defined above
  rules = [{
    key       = an optional unique key to keep this rule from being affected when other rules change
    type      = type of rule, either "ingress" or "egress"
    from_port = start range of protocol port
    to_port   = end range of protocol port, max is 65535
    protocol  = IP protocol name or number, or "-1" for all protocols and ports

    description = free form text description of the rule
  }]
}
Create before delete

This module provides a create_before_delete option that will, when a security group needs to be replaced, cause Terraform to create the new one before deleting the old one. We recommend making this true for new security groups, but we default it to false because if you import a security group with this setting true, that security group will be deleted and replaced on the first terraform apply, which will likely cause a service outage.

Important Notes

Unexpected changes during plan and apply

The way Terraform works and the way this module is implemented causes security group rules without keys to be dependent on their place in the input lists. If a rule is deleted and the other rules therefore move closer to the start of the list, those rules will be deleted and recreated. This should have no significant operational impact, but it can make a small change look like a big one when viewing the output of Terraform plan.

You can avoid this for the most part by providing the optional keys. Rules with keys will not be changed if their keys do not change and the rules themselves do not change, except in the case of rule_matrix, where the rules are still dependent on the order of the security groups in source_security_group_ids. You can avoid this by using rules instead of rule_matrix when you have more than one security group in the list.

WARNINGS and Caveats

Setting inline_rules_enabled is not recommended and NOT SUPPORTED: Any issues arising from setting inlne_rules_enabled = true (including issues about setting it to false after setting it to true) will not be addressed, because they flow from fundamental problems with the underlying aws_security_group resource. The setting is provided for people who know and accept the limitations and trade-offs and want to use it anyway. The main advantage is that when using inline rules, Terraform will perform "drift detection" and attempt to remove any rules it finds in place but not specified inline. See this post for a discussion of the difference between inline and resource rules, and some of the reasons inline rules are not satisfactory.

KNOWN ISSUE (#20046): If you set inline_rules_enabled = true, you cannot later set it to false. If you try, Terraform will complain and fail. You will either have to delete and recreate the security group or manually delete all the security group rules via the AWS console or CLI before applying inline_rules_enabled = false.

Objects not of the same type: Any time you provide a list of objects, Terraform requires that all objects in the list must be the exact same type. This means that all objects in the list have exactly the same set of attributes and that each attribute has the same type of value in every object. So while some attributes are optional for this module, if you include an attribute in any one of the objects in a list, then you have to include that same attribute in all of them. In rules where the key would othewise be omitted, include the key with value of null, unless the value is a list type, in which case set the value to [] (an empty list), due to #28137.

Examples

See examples/complete/main.tf for even more examples.

module "label" {
  source = "cloudposse/label/null"
  # Cloud Posse recommends pinning every module to a specific version
  # version = "x.x.x"
  namespace  = "eg"
  stage      = "prod"
  name       = "bastion"
  attributes = ["public"]
  delimiter  = "-"

  tags = {
    "BusinessUnit" = "XYZ",
    "Snapshot"     = "true"
  }
}

module "vpc" {
  source = "cloudposse/vpc/aws"
  # Cloud Posse recommends pinning every module to a specific version
  # version = "x.x.x"
  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"

  context = module.label.context
}

module "sg" {
  source = "cloudposse/security-group/aws"
  # Cloud Posse recommends pinning every module to a specific version
  # version = "x.x.x"

  # Security Group names must be unique within a VPC.
  # This module follows Cloud Posse naming conventions and generates the name
  # based on the inputs to the null-label module, which means you cannot
  # reuse the label as-is for more than one security group in the VPC.
  #
  # Here we add an attribute to give the security group a unique name.
  attributes = ["primary"]

  # Allow unlimited egress
  allow_all_egress = true

  rules = [
    {
      key         = "ssh"
      type        = "ingress"
      from_port   = 22
      to_port     = 22
      protocol    = "tcp"
      cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
      self        = null
      description = "Allow SSH from anywhere"
    },
    {
      key         = "HTTP"
      type        = "ingress"
      from_port   = 80
      to_port     = 80
      protocol    = "tcp"
      cidr_blocks = []
      self        = true
      description = "Allow HTTP from inside the security group"
    }
  ]

  vpc_id  = module.vpc.vpc_id

  context = module.label.context
}

module "sg_mysql" {
  source = "cloudposse/security-group/aws"
  # Cloud Posse recommends pinning every module to a specific version
  # version = "x.x.x"

  # Add an attribute to give the Security Group a unique name
  attributes = ["mysql"]

  # Allow unlimited egress
  allow_all_egress = true

  rule_matrix =[
    # Allow any of these security groups or the specified prefixes to access MySQL
    {
      source_security_group_ids = [var.dev_sg, var.uat_sg, var.staging_sg]
      prefix_list_ids = [var.mysql_client_prefix_list_id]
      rules = [
        {
          key         = "mysql"
          type        = "ingress"
          from_port   = 3306
          to_port     = 3306
          protocol    = "tcp"
          description = "Allow MySQL access from trusted security groups"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]

  vpc_id  = module.vpc.vpc_id

  context = module.label.context
}

Makefile Targets

Available targets:

  help                                Help screen
  help/all                            Display help for all targets
  help/short                          This help short screen
  lint                                Lint terraform code

Requirements

Name Version
terraform >= 0.14.0
aws >= 3.0

Providers

Name Version
aws >= 3.0

Modules

Name Source Version
this cloudposse/label/null 0.25.0

Resources

Name Type
aws_security_group.cbd resource
aws_security_group.default resource
aws_security_group_rule.keyed resource

Inputs

Name Description Type Default Required
additional_tag_map Additional key-value pairs to add to each map in tags_as_list_of_maps. Not added to tags or id.
This is for some rare cases where resources want additional configuration of tags
and therefore take a list of maps with tag key, value, and additional configuration.
map(string) {} no
allow_all_egress A convenience that adds to the rules specified elsewhere a rule that allows all egress.
If this is false and no egress rules are specified via rules or rule-matrix, then no egress will be allowed.
bool false no
attributes ID element. Additional attributes (e.g. workers or cluster) to add to id,
in the order they appear in the list. New attributes are appended to the
end of the list. The elements of the list are joined by the delimiter
and treated as a single ID element.
list(string) [] no
context Single object for setting entire context at once.
See description of individual variables for details.
Leave string and numeric variables as null to use default value.
Individual variable settings (non-null) override settings in context object,
except for attributes, tags, and additional_tag_map, which are merged.
any
{
"additional_tag_map": {},
"attributes": [],
"delimiter": null,
"descriptor_formats": {},
"enabled": true,
"environment": null,
"id_length_limit": null,
"label_key_case": null,
"label_order": [],
"label_value_case": null,
"labels_as_tags": [
"unset"
],
"name": null,
"namespace": null,
"regex_replace_chars": null,
"stage": null,
"tags": {},
"tenant": null
}
no
create_before_destroy Set true to enable terraform create_before_destroy behavior on the created security group.
We recommend setting this true on new security groups, but default it to false because true
will cause existing security groups to be replaced.
Note that changing this value will always cause the security group to be replaced.
bool false no
delimiter Delimiter to be used between ID elements.
Defaults to - (hyphen). Set to "" to use no delimiter at all.
string null no
descriptor_formats Describe additional descriptors to be output in the descriptors output map.
Map of maps. Keys are names of descriptors. Values are maps of the form
{<br> format = string<br> labels = list(string)<br>}
(Type is any so the map values can later be enhanced to provide additional options.)
format is a Terraform format string to be passed to the format() function.
labels is a list of labels, in order, to pass to format() function.
Label values will be normalized before being passed to format() so they will be
identical to how they appear in id.
Default is {} (descriptors output will be empty).
any {} no
enabled Set to false to prevent the module from creating any resources bool null no
environment ID element. Usually used for region e.g. 'uw2', 'us-west-2', OR role 'prod', 'staging', 'dev', 'UAT' string null no
id_length_limit Limit id to this many characters (minimum 6).
Set to 0 for unlimited length.
Set to null for keep the existing setting, which defaults to 0.
Does not affect id_full.
number null no
inline_rules_enabled NOT RECOMMENDED. Create rules "inline" instead of as separate aws_security_group_rule resources.
See #20046 for one of several issues with inline rules.
See this post for details on the difference between inline rules and rule resources.
bool false no
label_key_case Controls the letter case of the tags keys (label names) for tags generated by this module.
Does not affect keys of tags passed in via the tags input.
Possible values: lower, title, upper.
Default value: title.
string null no
label_order The order in which the labels (ID elements) appear in the id.
Defaults to ["namespace", "environment", "stage", "name", "attributes"].
You can omit any of the 6 labels ("tenant" is the 6th), but at least one must be present.
list(string) null no
label_value_case Controls the letter case of ID elements (labels) as included in id,
set as tag values, and output by this module individually.
Does not affect values of tags passed in via the tags input.
Possible values: lower, title, upper and none (no transformation).
Set this to title and set delimiter to "" to yield Pascal Case IDs.
Default value: lower.
string null no
labels_as_tags Set of labels (ID elements) to include as tags in the tags output.
Default is to include all labels.
Tags with empty values will not be included in the tags output.
Set to [] to suppress all generated tags.
Notes:
The value of the name tag, if included, will be the id, not the name.
Unlike other null-label inputs, the initial setting of labels_as_tags cannot be
changed in later chained modules. Attempts to change it will be silently ignored.
set(string)
[
"default"
]
no
name ID element. Usually the component or solution name, e.g. 'app' or 'jenkins'.
This is the only ID element not also included as a tag.
The "name" tag is set to the full id string. There is no tag with the value of the name input.
string null no
namespace ID element. Usually an abbreviation of your organization name, e.g. 'eg' or 'cp', to help ensure generated IDs are globally unique string null no
regex_replace_chars Terraform regular expression (regex) string.
Characters matching the regex will be removed from the ID elements.
If not set, "/[^a-zA-Z0-9-]/" is used to remove all characters other than hyphens, letters and digits.
string null no
revoke_rules_on_delete Instruct Terraform to revoke all of the Security Group's attached ingress and egress rules before deleting
the security group itself. This is normally not needed.
bool false no
rule_matrix A convenient way to apply the same set of rules to a set of subjects. See README for details. any [] no
rules A list of Security Group rule objects. All elements of a list must be exactly the same type;
use rules_map if you want to supply multiple lists of different types.
The keys and values of the Security Group rule objects are fully compatible with the aws_security_group_rule resource,
except for security_group_id which will be ignored, and the optional "key" which, if provided, must be unique
and known at "plan" time.
To get more info see https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule .
list(any) [] no
rules_map A map-like object of lists of Security Group rule objects. All elements of a list must be exactly the same type,
so this input accepts an object with keys (attributes) whose values are lists so you can separate different
types into different lists and still pass them into one input. Keys must be known at "plan" time.
The keys and values of the Security Group rule objects are fully compatible with the aws_security_group_rule resource,
except for security_group_id which will be ignored, and the optional "key" which, if provided, must be unique
and known at "plan" time.
To get more info see https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/security_group_rule .
any {} no
security_group_create_timeout How long to wait for the security group to be created. string "10m" no
security_group_delete_timeout How long to retry on DependencyViolation errors during security group deletion from
lingering ENIs left by certain AWS services such as Elastic Load Balancing.
string "15m" no
security_group_description The description to assign to the created Security Group.
Warning: Changing the description causes the security group to be replaced.
string "Managed by Terraform" no
security_group_name The name to assign to the security group. Must be unique within the VPC.
If not provided, will be derived from the null-label.context passed in.
If create_before_destroy is true, will be used as a name prefix.
list(string) [] no
stage ID element. Usually used to indicate role, e.g. 'prod', 'staging', 'source', 'build', 'test', 'deploy', 'release' string null no
tags Additional tags (e.g. {'BusinessUnit': 'XYZ'}).
Neither the tag keys nor the tag values will be modified by this module.
map(string) {} no
target_security_group_id The ID of an existing Security Group to which Security Group rules will be assigned.
The Security Group's description will not be changed.
Not compatible with inline_rules_enabled or revoke_rules_on_delete.
Required if create_security_group is false, ignored otherwise.
list(string) [] no
tenant ID element _(Rarely used, not included by default)_. A customer identifier, indicating who this instance of a resource is for string null no
vpc_id The ID of the VPC where the Security Group will be created. string n/a yes

Outputs

Name Description
arn The created Security Group ARN (null if using existing security group)
id The created or target Security Group ID
name The created Security Group Name (null if using existing security group)
rules_terraform_ids List of Terraform IDs of created security_group_rule resources, primarily provided to enable depends_on

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Related Projects

Check out these related projects.

  • terraform-null-label - Terraform module designed to generate consistent names and tags for resources. Use terraform-null-label to implement a strict naming convention.

References

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Copyright © 2021-2021 Cloud Posse, LLC

License

License

See LICENSE for full details.

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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Contributors

Erik Osterman
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