Adding support for eip-1186 proofs

EIP-1186[1] is the standard for generating proofs used by EVM-based clients.

The current proof crate in trie-db generates (and verifies) compact proofs that are not compatible with eip-1186.
This commit adds functions to generate and verify such proofs, adding also proper testing of such new APIs

[1] https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1186

trie-db/src/proof/eip1186.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+use crate::{
+	nibble::NibbleSlice,
+	node::{Node, NodeHandle, Value, decode_hash},
+	recorder::Recorder,
+	rstd::{result::Result, vec::Vec},
+	CError, NodeCodec, Result as TrieResult, Trie, TrieHash, TrieLayout,
+};
+use hash_db::Hasher;
+
+/// Generate an eip-1186 compatible proof for key-value pairs in a trie given a key.
+pub fn generate_proof<T, L>(
+	trie: &T,
+	key: &[u8],
+	) -> TrieResult<(Vec<Vec<u8>>, Option<Vec<u8>>), TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>
+where
+T: Trie<L>,
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	let mut recorder = Recorder::new();
+	let item = trie.get_with(key, &mut recorder)?;
+	let proof: Vec<Vec<u8>> = recorder.drain().into_iter().map(|r| r.data).collect();
+	Ok((proof, item))
+}
+
+/// Errors that may occur during proof verification. Most of the errors types simply indicate that
+/// the proof is invalid with respect to the statement being verified, and the exact error type can
+/// be used for debugging.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", derive(Debug))]
+pub enum VerifyError<'a, HO, CE> {
+	/// The proof does not contain any value for the given key
+	/// the error carries the nibbles left after traversing the trie
+	NonExistingValue(NibbleSlice<'a>),
+	/// The proof contains a value for the given key
+	/// while we were expecting to find a non-existence proof
+	ExistingValue(Vec<u8>),
+	/// The proof indicates that the trie contains a different value.
+	/// the error carries the value contained in the trie
+	ValueMismatch(Vec<u8>),
+	/// The proof is missing trie nodes required to verify.
+	IncompleteProof,
+	/// The node hash computed from the proof is not matching.
+	HashMismatch(HO),
+	/// One of the proof nodes could not be decoded.
+	DecodeError(CE),
+	/// Error in converting a plain hash into a HO
+	HashDecodeError(&'a[u8])
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl<'a, HO: std::fmt::Debug, CE: std::error::Error> std::fmt::Display for VerifyError<'a, HO, CE> {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), std::fmt::Error> {
+		match self {
+			VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key) => write!(f, "Key does not exist in trie: reaming key={:?}", key),
+			VerifyError::ExistingValue(value) => write!(f, "trie contains a value for given key value={:?}", value),
+			VerifyError::ValueMismatch(key) => write!(f, "Expected value was not found in the trie: key={:?}", key),
+			VerifyError::IncompleteProof => write!(f, "Proof is incomplete -- expected more nodes"),
+			VerifyError::HashMismatch(hash) => write!(f,"hash mismatch found: hash={:?}",hash),
+			VerifyError::DecodeError(err) => write!(f, "Unable to decode proof node: {}", err),
+			VerifyError::HashDecodeError(plain_hash) => write!(f, "Unable to decode hash value plain_hash: {:?}", plain_hash),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl<'a, HO: std::fmt::Debug, CE: std::error::Error + 'static> std::error::Error
+for VerifyError<'a, HO, CE>
+{
+	fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)> {
+		match self {
+			VerifyError::DecodeError(err) => Some(err),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/// Verify a compact proof for key-value pairs in a trie given a root hash.
+pub fn verify_proof<'a, L>(
+	root: &<L::Hash as Hasher>::Out,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	raw_key: &'a[u8],
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a, TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if proof.is_empty() {
+		return Err(VerifyError::IncompleteProof);
+	}
+	let key = NibbleSlice::new(raw_key);
+	process_node::<L>(root, &proof[0], key, expected_value, &proof[1..])
+}
+
+fn process_node<'a, L>(
+	root: &<L::Hash as Hasher>::Out,
+	encoded_node: &'a[u8],
+	key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a, TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if let Some(value) = expected_value {
+		if encoded_node == value {
+			return Ok(());
+		}
+	}
+	let calculated_root = <L::Hash as Hasher>::hash(encoded_node);
+	if calculated_root != *root {
+		return Err(VerifyError::HashMismatch(calculated_root))
+	}
+	let node = <L::Codec as NodeCodec>::decode(encoded_node).map_err(VerifyError::DecodeError)?;
+	match node {
+		Node::Empty => process_empty::<L>(key, expected_value, proof),
+		Node::Leaf(nib, data) => process_leaf::<L>(nib, data, key, expected_value, proof),
+		Node::Extension(nib, handle) => {
+			process_extension::<L>(&nib, handle, key, expected_value, proof)
+		}
+		Node::Branch(children, maybe_data) => {
+			process_branch::<L>(children, maybe_data, key, expected_value, proof)
+		}
+		Node::NibbledBranch(nib, children, maybe_data) => {
+			process_nibbledbranch::<L>(nib, children, maybe_data, key, expected_value, proof)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+fn process_empty<'a,L>(
+	key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	_: &[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a,TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if expected_value.is_none() {
+		Ok(())
+	} else {
+		Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key))
+	}
+}
+
+fn process_leaf<'a, L>(
+	nib: NibbleSlice,
+	data: Value<'a>,
+	key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a, TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if key != nib && expected_value.is_none(){
+		return Ok(());
+	} else if key != nib {
+		return Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key))
+	}
+	match_value::<L>(Some(data), key, expected_value, proof)
+}
+fn process_extension<'a,L>(
+	nib: &NibbleSlice,
+	handle: NodeHandle<'a>,
+	mut key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a,TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if !key.starts_with(nib) && expected_value.is_none() {
+		return Ok(());
+	} else if !key.starts_with(nib) {
+		return Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key));
+	}
+	key.advance(nib.len());
+
+	match handle {
+		NodeHandle::Inline(encoded_node) => {
+			let root = L::Hash::hash(encoded_node);
+			process_node::<L>(&root, encoded_node, key, expected_value, proof)
+		},
+		NodeHandle::Hash(plain_hash) => {
+			let new_root = decode_hash::<L::Hash>(plain_hash).ok_or(VerifyError::HashDecodeError(plain_hash))?;
+			process_node::<L>(&new_root, &proof[0], key, expected_value, &proof[1..])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+fn process_nibbledbranch<'a,L>(
+	nib: NibbleSlice,
+	children: [Option<NodeHandle<'a>>; 16],
+	maybe_data: Option<Value<'a>>,
+	mut key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a,TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if !key.starts_with(&nib) && expected_value.is_none() {
+		return Ok(());
+	} else if !key.starts_with(&nib) && expected_value.is_some(){
+		return Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key))
+	}
+	key.advance(nib.len());
+
+	if key.is_empty() {
+		match_value::<L>(maybe_data, key, expected_value, proof)
+	} else {
+		match_children::<L>(children, key, expected_value, proof)
+	}
+}
+
+
+fn process_branch<'a,L>(
+	children: [Option<NodeHandle<'a>>; 16],
+	maybe_data: Option<Value<'a>>,
+	key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a, TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if key.is_empty() {
+		match_value::<L>(maybe_data, key, expected_value, proof)
+	} else {
+		match_children::<L>(children, key, expected_value, proof)
+	}
+}
+fn match_children<'a,L>(
+	children: [Option<NodeHandle<'a>>; 16],
+	mut key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a,TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	match children.get(key.at(0) as usize) {
+		Some(Some(NodeHandle::Hash(hash))) => {
+			if proof.is_empty() {
+				Err(VerifyError::IncompleteProof)
+			} else {
+				key.advance(1);
+				let new_root = decode_hash::<L::Hash>(hash).ok_or(VerifyError::HashDecodeError(hash))?;
+				process_node::<L>(&new_root, &proof[0], key, expected_value, &proof[1..])
+			}
+		}
+		Some(Some(NodeHandle::Inline(encoded_node))) => {
+			key.advance(1);
+			let root = L::Hash::hash(encoded_node);
+			process_node::<L>(&root, encoded_node, key, expected_value, proof)
+		}
+		Some(None) => {
+			if expected_value.is_none() {
+				Ok(())
+			} else {
+				Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key))
+			}
+		}
+		None => panic!("key index is out of range in children array"),
+	}
+}
+
+fn match_value<'a,L>(
+	maybe_data: Option<Value<'a>>,
+	key: NibbleSlice<'a>,
+	expected_value: Option<&[u8]>,
+	proof: &'a[Vec<u8>],
+	) -> Result<(), VerifyError<'a,TrieHash<L>, CError<L>>>
+where
+L: TrieLayout,
+{
+	if maybe_data.is_none() && expected_value.is_none() {
+		return Ok(())
+	} else if maybe_data.is_none() && expected_value.is_some(){
+		return Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key));
+	}
+	let data = if let Some(Value::Inline(inline_data)) = maybe_data {
+		Some(inline_data)
+	} else if let Some(Value::Node(plain_hash, _)) = maybe_data {
+		//checking the hash
+		proof.first().map(|d| d.as_slice())
+	} else {
+		None
+	};
+	match(maybe_data, proof.first(), expected_value) {
+		(None, _, None) => Ok(()),
+		(None, _, Some(_)) => Err(VerifyError::NonExistingValue(key)),
+		(Some(Value::Inline(inline_data)), _, Some(value)) => {
+			if inline_data == value {
+				Ok(())
+			} else {
+				Err(VerifyError::ValueMismatch(inline_data.to_vec()))
+			}
+		},
+		(Some(Value::Inline(inline_data)), _, None) => Err(VerifyError::ExistingValue(inline_data.to_vec())),
+		(Some(Value::Node(plain_hash, _)), Some(next_proof_item), Some(value)) => {
+			let value_hash = L::Hash::hash(value);
+			let node_hash = decode_hash::<L::Hash>(plain_hash).ok_or(VerifyError::HashDecodeError(plain_hash))?;
+			if node_hash != value_hash {
+				Err(VerifyError::HashMismatch(node_hash))
+			} else if next_proof_item != value {
+				Err(VerifyError::ValueMismatch(next_proof_item.to_vec()))
+			} else {
+				Ok(())
+			}
+		},
+		(Some(Value::Node(_, _)), None, _) => {
+			Err(VerifyError::IncompleteProof)
+		},
+		(Some(Value::Node(_, _)), Some(proof_item), None) => {
+			Err(VerifyError::ExistingValue(proof_item.to_vec()))
+		},
+	}
+}

trie-db/src/proof/mod.rs

@@ -37,3 +37,4 @@ pub use self::{
 
 mod generate;
 mod verify;
+pub mod eip1186;