ddl: Enable modify column on partitioned table

[mjonss]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #38297 ref #39915

Similar to #39922

Problem Summary:
There were an issue (#39915) with modify column on partitioned tables, which caused a revert. This will add that code back and include a fix (reset the PhysicaTablelD).

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

@mjonss: PR needs rebase.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 33 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 75.0512%. Comparing base (94666a2) to head (c2c629c).
Report is 45 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #40634        +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage   72.9119%   75.0512%   +2.1393%     
================================================
  Files          1582       1613        +31     
  Lines        442708     457863     +15155     
================================================
+ Hits         322787     343632     +20845     
+ Misses       100113      92433      -7680     
- Partials      19808      21798      +1990     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	32.3590% <12.1212%> (?)
unit	71.8936% <75.0000%> (-0.1392%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9567% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	62.6994% <ø> (+17.2479%)	⬆️

[ti-chi-bot]

@mjonss: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/mysql-test	c2c629c	link	true	/test mysql-test
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/check_dev	c2c629c	link	true	/test check-dev
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/check_dev_2	c2c629c	link	true	/test check-dev2

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard.

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