expression: fix wrong result for unsigned non-const int cmp const duration (#46620)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #46620

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #45410

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: hawkingrei, xhebox

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2023-09-11 07:02:45.216055021 +0000 UTC m=+252747.140611415: ☑️ agreed by xhebox.
• 2023-09-12 02:17:01.573444361 +0000 UTC m=+322003.498000757: ☑️ agreed by hawkingrei.