executor: fix index out of range panic of cte when max_chunk_size is samll (#48839)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #48839

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #48808

Problem Summary:

1. CTEExec assume result chunk of child operator will not exceed max_chunk_size. Check builder
2. Actually row num of chunk will exceeds MaxChunkSize sometimes. Check reuse chunk
3. So CTEExec may panic here

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Defined2014, wshwsh12

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2023-12-04 08:35:13.955733237 +0000 UTC m=+1430142.620959418: ☑️ agreed by Defined2014.
• 2023-12-04 08:55:42.459045487 +0000 UTC m=+1431371.124271690: ☑️ agreed by wshwsh12.