fix: Check values in strict cast Int to Time

[coastalwhite]

Fixes #18844.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 68.22430% with 34 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.89%. Comparing base (2b4986a) to head (8eb8511).
Report is 24 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ates/polars-arrow/src/compute/cast/primitive_to.rs	44.64%	31 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-arrow/src/compute/cast/mod.rs	25.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #18854      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.86%   79.89%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1518     1519       +1     
  Lines      205610   205963     +353     
  Branches     2893     2898       +5     
==========================================
+ Hits       164202   164545     +343     
- Misses      40860    40870      +10     
  Partials      548      548              

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.