Test Ubuntu 24.04 in CI workflows.

[bdice]

This PR tests Ubuntu 24.04 in CI workflows. See rapidsai/shared-workflows#248.

Contributes to rapidsai/build-planning#74.

[bdice]

An issue I see here is that Ubuntu 24.04 has different tzdata than previous releases. We get errors like:

FAILED tests/test_orc.py::test_orc_reader_datetimestamp[TestOrcFile.testDate1900.orc-False] - RuntimeError: CUDF failure at: /opt/conda/conda-bld/work/cpp/src/datetime/timezone.cpp:141: Failed to open the timezone file.
FAILED tests/test_orc.py::test_orc_reader_datetimestamp[TestOrcFile.testDate1900.orc-True] - RuntimeError: CUDF failure at: /opt/conda/conda-bld/work/cpp/src/datetime/timezone.cpp:141: Failed to open the timezone file.
FAILED tests/test_orc.py::test_orc_reader_datetimestamp[TestOrcFile.testDate2038.orc-False] - RuntimeError: CUDF failure at: /opt/conda/conda-bld/work/cpp/src/datetime/timezone.cpp:141: Failed to open the timezone file.
FAILED tests/test_orc.py::test_orc_reader_datetimestamp[TestOrcFile.testDate2038.orc-True] - RuntimeError: CUDF failure at: /opt/conda/conda-bld/work/cpp/src/datetime/timezone.cpp:141: Failed to open the timezone file.
FAILED tests/test_orc.py::test_orc_read_stripes[cudf] - RuntimeError: CUDF failure at: /opt/conda/conda-bld/work/cpp/src/datetime/timezone.cpp:141: Failed to open the timezone file.

Here's a diff of the tzdata contents in /usr/share/zoneinfo: https://www.diffchecker.com/yVd6E76w/

We may need to update our test files.

[bdice]

I filed an upstream issue because this problem appears to be affecting several libraries. apache/orc#2049