Rework "point at arg" suggestions to be more accurate

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/mod.rs

@@ -740,12 +740,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 err.help("...or use `match` instead of `let...else`");
             }
             _ => {
-                if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, binding_span) =
-                    cause.code().peel_derives()
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span)
+                | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(_, span, ..)
+                    = cause.code().peel_derives()
+                    && let TypeError::RegionsPlaceholderMismatch = terr
                 {
-                    if matches!(terr, TypeError::RegionsPlaceholderMismatch) {
-                        err.span_note(*binding_span, "the lifetime requirement is introduced here");
-                    }
+                    err.span_note(*span, "the lifetime requirement is introduced here");
                 }
             }
         }

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/mismatched_static_lifetime.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
         let ObligationCauseCode::MatchImpl(parent, impl_def_id) = code else {
             return None;
         };
-        let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_def_id, binding_span) = *parent.code() else {
+        let (ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, binding_span) | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(_, binding_span, ..))
+            = *parent.code() else {
             return None;
         };
         let mut err = self.tcx().sess.struct_span_err(cause.span, "incompatible lifetime on type");

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/placeholder_error.rs

@@ -211,7 +211,10 @@ impl<'tcx> NiceRegionError<'_, 'tcx> {
         );
         let mut err = self.tcx().sess.struct_span_err(span, &msg);
 
-        let leading_ellipsis = if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id) = *cause.code() {
+        let leading_ellipsis = if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id)
+        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(def_id, ..) =
+            *cause.code()
+        {
             err.span_label(span, "doesn't satisfy where-clause");
             err.span_label(
                 self.tcx().def_span(def_id),

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/nice_region_error/static_impl_trait.rs

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> NiceRegionError<'a, 'tcx> {
                 ObligationCauseCode::MatchImpl(parent, ..) => parent.code(),
                 _ => cause.code(),
             }
-            && let (&ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item_def_id), None) = (code, override_error_code)
+            && let (&ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item_def_id) | &ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(item_def_id, ..), None) = (code, override_error_code)
         {
             // Same case of `impl Foo for dyn Bar { fn qux(&self) {} }` introducing a `'static`
             // lifetime as above, but called using a fully-qualified path to the method:

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/error_reporting/note.rs

@@ -390,10 +390,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                 if matches!(
                     &trace.cause.code().peel_derives(),
                     ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(..)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
                 ) =>
             {
                 // Hack to get around the borrow checker because trace.cause has an `Rc`.
-                if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span) =
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span)
+                | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(_, span, ..) =
                     &trace.cause.code().peel_derives()
                 {
                     let span = *span;

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/outlives/obligations.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> InferCtxt<'cx, 'tcx> {
                 cause.span,
                 sup_type,
                 match cause.code().peel_derives() {
-                    ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span) => Some(*span),
+                    ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, span)
+                    | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(_, span, ..) => Some(*span),
                     _ => None,
                 },
             )

compiler/rustc_middle/src/traits/mod.rs

@@ -234,13 +234,23 @@ pub enum ObligationCauseCode<'tcx> {
     /// This is the trait reference from the given projection.
     ProjectionWf(ty::ProjectionTy<'tcx>),
 
-    /// In an impl of trait `X` for type `Y`, type `Y` must
-    /// also implement all supertraits of `X`.
+    /// Must satisfy all of the where-clause predicates of the
+    /// given item.
     ItemObligation(DefId),
 
-    /// Like `ItemObligation`, but with extra detail on the source of the obligation.
+    /// Like `ItemObligation`, but carries the span of the
+    /// predicate when it can be identified.
     BindingObligation(DefId, Span),
 
+    /// Like `ItemObligation`, but carries the `HirId` of the
+    /// expression that caused the obligation, and the `usize`
+    /// indicates exactly which predicate it is in the list of
+    /// instantiated predicates.
+    ExprItemObligation(DefId, rustc_hir::HirId, usize),
+
+    /// Combines `ExprItemObligation` and `BindingObligation`.
+    ExprBindingObligation(DefId, Span, rustc_hir::HirId, usize),
+
     /// A type like `&'a T` is WF only if `T: 'a`.
     ReferenceOutlivesReferent(Ty<'tcx>),
 

compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs

@@ -122,6 +122,21 @@ pub struct Generics {
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Generics {
+    /// Looks through the generics and all parents to find the index of the
+    /// given param def-id. This is in comparison to the `param_def_id_to_index`
+    /// struct member, which only stores information about this item's own
+    /// generics.
+    pub fn param_def_id_to_index(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> Option<u32> {
+        if let Some(idx) = self.param_def_id_to_index.get(&def_id) {
+            Some(*idx)
+        } else if let Some(parent) = self.parent {
+            let parent = tcx.generics_of(parent);
+            parent.param_def_id_to_index(tcx, def_id)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn count(&self) -> usize {
         self.parent_count + self.params.len()

compiler/rustc_span/src/lib.rs

@@ -664,6 +664,16 @@ impl Span {
         Some(self)
     }
 
+    /// Like `find_ancestor_inside`, but specifically for when spans might not
+    /// overlaps. Take care when using this, and prefer `find_ancestor_inside`
+    /// when you know that the spans are nested (modulo macro expansion).
+    pub fn find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt(mut self, other: Span) -> Option<Span> {
+        while !Span::eq_ctxt(self, other) {
+            self = self.parent_callsite()?;
+        }
+        Some(self)
+    }
+
     /// Edition of the crate from which this span came.
     pub fn edition(self) -> edition::Edition {
         self.ctxt().edition()

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs

@@ -860,8 +860,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        err.emit();
-                        return;
+                        err
                     }
 
                     ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(ty) => {
@@ -1564,6 +1563,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'a, 'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     obligation.cause.code().peel_derives(),
                     ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(_)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(_, _)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(..)
+                        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(..)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::ObjectCastObligation(..)
                         | ObligationCauseCode::OpaqueType
                 );
@@ -2091,13 +2092,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'a, 'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 }
 
-                if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id) = *obligation.cause.code() {
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(def_id) | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(def_id, ..) = *obligation.cause.code() {
                     self.suggest_fully_qualified_path(&mut err, def_id, span, trait_ref.def_id());
-                } else if let (
-                    Ok(ref snippet),
-                    &ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(def_id, _),
-                ) =
-                    (self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span), obligation.cause.code())
+                } else if let Ok(snippet) = &self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span)
+                    && let ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(def_id, _) | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(def_id, ..)
+                        = *obligation.cause.code()
                 {
                     let generics = self.tcx.generics_of(def_id);
                     if generics.params.iter().any(|p| p.name != kw::SelfUpper)
@@ -2520,15 +2519,10 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'a, 'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
     ) {
-        let (
-            ty::PredicateKind::Trait(pred),
-            &ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item_def_id, span),
-        ) = (
-            obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder(),
-            obligation.cause.code().peel_derives(),
-        )  else {
-            return;
-        };
+        let ty::PredicateKind::Trait(pred) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() else { return; };
+        let (ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item_def_id, span)
+        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(item_def_id, span, ..))
+            = *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() else { return; };
         debug!(?pred, ?item_def_id, ?span);
 
         let (Some(node), true) = (

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item)
-        | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item, _) = *obligation.cause.code()
+        | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item, _)
+        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(item, ..)
+        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(item, ..) = *obligation.cause.code()
         {
             // FIXME: maybe also have some way of handling methods
             // from other traits? That would require name resolution,