Implement minimal, internal-only pattern types in the type system

[oli-obk]

rebase of #107606

You can create pattern types with std::pat::pattern_type!(ty is pat). The feature is incomplete and will panic on you if you use any pattern other than integral range patterns. The only way to create or deconstruct a pattern type is via transmute.

This PR's implementation differs from the MCP's text. Specifically

This means you could implement different traits for different pattern types with the same base type. Thus, we just forbid implementing any traits for pattern types.

is violated in this PR. The reason is that we do need impls after all in order to make them usable as fields. constants of type std::time::Nanoseconds struct are used in patterns, so the type must be structural-eq, which it only can be if you derive several traits on it. It doesn't need to be structural-eq recursively, so we can just manually implement the relevant traits on the pattern type and use the pattern type as a private field.

Waiting on:

• move all unrelated commits into their own PRs.
• fix niche computation (see 2db07f9)
• add lots more tests
• T-types MCP Pattern types types-team#126 to finish
• some commit cleanup
• full self-review
• remove 61bd325, it's not necessary anymore I think.
• make sure we never accidentally leak pattern types to user code (add stability checks or feature gate checks and appopriate tests) we don't even do this for the new float primitives
• get approval that the scope expansion to trait impls is ok

r? @BoxyUwU

[bors]

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #120196) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.

[bors]

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #119911) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.

[oli-obk]

@bors r=compiler-errors

[bors]

📌 Commit 18ff131 has been approved by compiler-errors

It is now in the queue for this repository.

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[bors]

⌛ Testing commit 18ff131 with merge 537aab7...

[bors]

☀️ Test successful - checks-actions
Approved by: compiler-errors
Pushing 537aab7 to master...

[rust-timer]

Finished benchmarking commit (537aab7): comparison URL.

Overall result: ❌✅ regressions and improvements - no action needed

@rustbot label: -perf-regression

Instruction count

This is a highly reliable metric that was used to determine the overall result at the top of this comment.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	2.7%	[2.7%, 2.7%]	1
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-0.4%	[-0.4%, -0.4%]	1
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-	-	0
All ❌✅ (primary)	-0.4%	[-0.4%, -0.4%]	1

Max RSS (memory usage)

Results

This is a less reliable metric that may be of interest but was not used to determine the overall result at the top of this comment.

	mean	range	count
Regressions ❌ (primary)	-	-	0
Regressions ❌ (secondary)	2.1%	[2.1%, 2.1%]	1
Improvements ✅ (primary)	-2.5%	[-2.5%, -2.5%]	1
Improvements ✅ (secondary)	-3.0%	[-4.5%, -1.9%]	20
All ❌✅ (primary)	-2.5%	[-2.5%, -2.5%]	1

Cycles

This benchmark run did not return any relevant results for this metric.

Binary size

This benchmark run did not return any relevant results for this metric.

Bootstrap: 666.152s -> 669.664s (0.53%)
Artifact size: 318.23 MiB -> 318.23 MiB (0.00%)