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## The XCUITest Driver for iOS

Appium's primary support for automating iOS apps is via the `XCUITest` driver.
_(New to Appium? Read our [introduction to Appium drivers](#TODO))_. This driver
leverages Apple's
[XCUITest](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/testing_with_xcode/chapters/09-ui_testing.html)
libraries under the hood in order to facilitate automation of your app . This
access to XCUITest is mediated by the
[WebDriverAgent](https://github.com/facebook/webdriveragent) server.
WebDriverAgent (also referred to as "WDA") is a project managed by Facebook, to
which the Appium core team contributes heavily. WDA is a WebDriver-compatible
server that runs in the context of an iOS simulator or device and exposes the
XCUITest API. Appium's XCUITest driver manages WDA as a subprocess opaque to
the Appium user, proxies commands to/from WDA, and provides a host of
additional functionality (like simulator management and other methods, for
example).

Development of the XCUITest driver happens at the
[appium-xcuitest-driver](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver)
repo.

### Requirements and Support

In addition to Appium's general requirements:

* Apple's XCUITest library is only available on iOS simulators and devices that
are running iOS 9.3 or higher.
* A Mac computer with macOS 10.11 or 10.12 is required.
* Xcode 7 or higher is required.
* The XCUITest driver was available in Appium starting with Appium 1.6.
* For correct functioning of the driver, additional system libraries are
required (see the Setup sections below).

### Migrating from the UIAutomation Driver

If you are migrating to the XCUITest driver from Appium's old
[UIAutomation-based driver](/docs/en/drivers/ios-uiautomation.md), you may wish
to consult this [migration
guide](/docs/en/advanced-concepts/migrating-to-xcuitest.md).

### Usage

The way to start a session using the XCUITest driver is to include the
`automationName` [capability](#TODO) in your [new session request](#TODO), with
the value `XCUITest`. Of course, you must also include appropriate
`platformName`, `platformVersion`, `deviceName`, and `app` capabilities, at
a minimum.

The `platformName` should be `iOS` for iPhone or iPad. tvOS devices are available if the `platformName` is `tvOS`.
## iOS XCUITest 驱动

Appium 通过 `XCUITest` 驱动支持基本的 iOS 应用自动化。_(Appium 新手? 读一读 [介绍 Appium 驱动](#TODO))_。它在底层使用 [XCUITest](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/testing_with_xcode/chapters/09-ui_testing.html) 库以更好的自动化你的 App。 对 XCUITest 的使用是通过 [WebDriverAgent](https://github.com/facebook/webdriveragent) 服务间接完成的。
WebDriverAgent (也被叫做"WDA") 是 Facebook 管理的项目, Appium 核心团队对项目做了很大的贡献。 WDA是一个运行在 iOS 模拟器或设备上暴露 XCUITest API 的服务，兼容 WebDriver。Appium 的 XCUITest 驱动把 WDA 作为对 Appium 用户不透明的子进程控制， 代理发送给和接受自 WDA 的命令， 并且提供大量额外功能 (比如模拟器控制及其他方法)。
XCUITest 驱动的开发在 [appium-xcuitest-driver](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver) 仓库进行。

### 依赖和支持

除了 Appium 通用依赖以外的要求：

* 苹果的 XCUITest 库只能运行在 iOS 9.3 及以上的版本的模拟器或设备上。
* 安装 macOS 10.11 或 10.12 的 Mac 电脑。
* Xcode 7 及以上的版本。
* Appium 在 1.6 及以上的版本才提供 XCUITest 驱动。
* 需要额外的系统库驱动才能正常工作(查看下面的安装分节)。


### 从 UIAutomation 驱动迁移

如果需要从 Appium 的旧 [UIAutomation-based 驱动](/docs/cn/drivers/ios-uiautomation.md) 迁移到 XCUITest 驱动，可以查阅[迁移指南](/docs/cn/advanced-concepts/migrating-to-xcuitest.md)。

### 用法

使用 XCUITest 驱动建立会话需要在[新会话请求](#TODO)里包含值为 `XCUITest` 的 `automationName` [capability](#TODO)。当然最少也要包含恰当的`platformName`，`platformVersion`，`deviceName`，和 `app` capabilities。

iPhone 或 iPad 的 `platformName` 应该是 `iOS`。tvOS 设备的 `platformName` 应该是 `tvOS`。

- iOS
```json
Expand All @@ -71,82 +48,56 @@ The `platformName` should be `iOS` for iPhone or iPad. tvOS devices are availabl

### Capabilities

The XCUITest driver supports a number of standard [Appium
capabilities](/docs/en/writing-running-appium/caps.md), but has an additional
set of capabilities that modulate the behavior of the driver. These can be
found currently at the [appium-xcuitest-driver
README](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#desired-capabilities).

To automate Safari instead of your own application, leave the `app` capability
empty and instead set the `browserName` capability to `Safari`.
XCUITest 驱动除了支持许多标准 [Appium capabilities](/docs/cn/writing-running-appium/caps.md)，还有一组额外的 capabilities 调整驱动的行为。可以在 [appium-xcuitest-driver README](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#desired-capabilities) 查看。

如果要自动化 Safari 而不是自有的应用，`app` capability 留空，设置 `browserName` capability 为 `Safari`。

### Commands
### 命令

To see the various commands Appium supports, and specifically for information
on how the commands map to behaviors for the XCUITest driver, see the [API
Reference](#TODO).
查看 Appium 支持的各种命令，特别是关于命令如何映射到 XCUITest 驱动行为的信息，请参阅 [API 参考](#TODO)。


### Basic Setup
### 基本安装

_(We recommend the use of [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) for installing system
dependencies)_
_(我们建议使用 [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) 安装系统依赖)_

1. Ensure that you have Appium's general dependencies (e.g., Node
& NPM) installed and configured.
2. Install the [Carthage](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage) dependency
manager:
1. 确保已经安装配置了 Appium 通用依赖(比如 Node & NPM)。
2. 安装 [Carthage](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage):

```bash
brew install carthage
```

If you don't need to automate real devices, you're done! To automate an app on
the simulator, the `app` capability should be set to an absolute path or url
pointing to your `.app` or `.app.zip` file, built for the sim.

### Real Device Setup
如果你不需要在真机上自动运行就安好了！在模拟器上自动化应用，`app` capability 应该设为指向你的为模拟器构建的 `.app` 或 `.app.zip` 文件的绝对路径或链接。

Automating a real device with XCUITest is considerably more complicated, due to
Apple's restrictions around running apps on real devices. Please refer to the
[XCUITest real device setup doc](ios-xcuitest-real-devices.md) for
instructions.
### 真机安装

Once set up, running a session on a real device is achieved by using the
following desired capabilities:
因为苹果对真机上运行的应用的严格限制，在真机上运行 XCUITest 自动化要复杂得多。请看 [XCUITest 真机安装文档](ios-xcuitest-real-devices.md)中的介绍。

* `app` or `bundleId` - specifies the application (local path or url referencing
your signed `.ipa` file) , or, if it is already installed, simply the bundle
identifier of the app so that Appium can launch it.
* `udid` - the specific id of the device to test on. This can also be set to
`auto` if there is only a single device, in which case Appium will determine
the device id and use it.
安装完成后，通过使用以下 desired capabilitie 和真机建立会话：

### Optional Setup
* `app` 或 `bundleId` - 指定应用 (已签名 `.ipa` 文件的本地路径或链接)，如果应用已经安装，Appium 只要有应用的 bundle identifier 就可以启动它。
* `udid` - 指定运行测试的真机 id。如果只有一台设备也可以设为 `auto`，Appium 会确定设备和 id。

* Install idb for better handling of various iOS Simulator operations,
such as: biometrics, geolocation setting and window focussing.
* Read https://github.com/appium/appium-idb#installation to install necessary libraries (since Appium 1.14.0)
### 可选安装

* Install [AppleSimulatorUtils](https://github.com/wix/AppleSimulatorUtils)
to use the [permissions capability](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#desired-capabilities)
* 安装 idb 可以更好的处理各种模拟器操作，比如生物识别，设置定位和窗口焦点。
* 根据 https://github.com/appium/appium-idb#installation 安装必要的库 (Appium 1.14.0 以后)。

### Files generated by test runs
* 安装 [AppleSimulatorUtils](https://github.com/wix/AppleSimulatorUtils) 后可以使用 [permissions capability](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#desired-capabilities)。

Testing on iOS generates files that can sometimes get large. These include
logs, temporary files, and derived data from Xcode runs. Generally the
following locations are where they are found, should they need to be deleted:
### 运行测试产生的文件

在 iOS 上测试产生的文件有时会占用很多空间，包括日志、临时文件和 Xcode 运行的派生数据。可以在以下路径删除它们：
```
$HOME/Library/Logs/CoreSimulator/*
$HOME/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/*
```
### Configure keyboards
Over Appium 1.14.0, Appium configures keyboard preferences by default to make test running more stable. You can change sone of them via settings API.
### 配置键盘
在 Appium 1.14.0 之后，为了让测试运行的更稳定 Appium 会重置键盘的设置为默认项。你可以通过设置 API 修改：
- Turn `Auto-Correction` in _Keyboards_ off
- Turn `Predictive` in _Keyboards_ off
- Mark keyboard tutorial as complete
- (Only for Simulator) Toggle software keyboard on
- 在 _键盘_ 关闭`自动改正`
- 在 _键盘_ 关闭`输入预测`
- 标记键盘教程为完全版
- (仅模拟器) 打开软键盘

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