Add Full Adder algorithm (math/bits)

[sergiitk]

Full Adder

This method adds up two integer numbers using bitwise operators.

It implements full adder electronics circut logic to sum two 32-bit integers in two's complement format. It's using the boolean logic to cover all possible cases of adding two input bits: with and without a "carry bit" from adding the previous less-significant stage.

Legend:

• A: Number A
• B: Number B
• ai: ith bit of number A
• bi: ith bit of number B
• carryIn: a bit carried in from the previous less-significant stage
• carryOut: a bit to carry to the next most-significant stage
• bitSum: The sum of ai, bi, and carryIn
• resultBin: The full result of adding current stage with all less-significant stages (in binary)
• resultBin: The full result of adding current stage with all less-significant stages (in decimal)

A = 3: 011
B = 6: 110
┌──────┬────┬────┬─────────┬──────────┬─────────┬───────────┬───────────┐
│  bit │ ai │ bi │ carryIn │ carryOut │  bitSum │ resultBin │ resultDec │
├──────┼────┼────┼─────────┼──────────┼─────────┼───────────┼───────────┤
│   0  │ 1  │ 0  │    0    │    0     │     1   │       1   │     1     │
│   1  │ 1  │ 1  │    0    │    1     │     0   │      01   │     1     │
│   2  │ 0  │ 1  │    1    │    1     │     0   │     001   │     1     │
│   3  │ 0  │ 0  │    1    │    0     │     1   │    1001   │     9     │
└──────┴────┴────┴─────────┴──────────┴─────────┴───────────┴───────────┘

See fullAdder.js for further details.
See Full Adder on YouTube.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #334 into master will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##           master   #334   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage     100%   100%           
=====================================
  Files         148    149    +1     
  Lines        2600   2612   +12     
  Branches      434    434           
=====================================
+ Hits         2600   2612   +12

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/algorithms/math/bits/fullAdder.js	100% <100%> (ø)

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[trekhleb]

@sergiitk, thanks for clean code and explanations! Great job!