THEORY

The mathematician Alan Turing worked out the concepts of a universal calculator by envisioning a infinite tape consisting of discrete cells and symbols, read by a read/write head, and modulated a translation table and showed that this simple device could calculate any a computable function: the Turing Machine.

The universal turing machine, general-purpose computer

These general-purpose computers connected together in a network form a type of social computing where the output is not a function, not a document in an application, but wisdom and social consciousness itself.

calculator (TM) -> general-purpose computer (or UTM) -> social consciousness (Singularity)