12-01-2023_01

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_01_d-stem.ipynb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "# L7.1: D-stem\n",
     "The D-stem denotes a factitive intensification of the G-stem. \n",
     "\n",
-    "## Funktion\n",
+    "## Meaning\n",
     "\n",
     "1. **Factitive** of adjectival verbs:\n",
     "   ```{admonition} Example\n",

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_02_š-stem.ipynb

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     "# L7.2: Š-Stem\n",
     "The Š-stem is the causative counterpart of the G-stem.\n",
     "\n",
+    "## Meaning\n",
     "1. The most common use of the Š-stem is as a causative of active-transitive verbs:\n",
     "\n",
     "    ```{admonition} Example\n",

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_03_n-stem.ipynb

@@ -5,7 +5,197 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "# L7.3: N-stem\n"
+    "```{margin}\n",
+    "GoA 31.1-31.2, 32.1\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "# L7.3: N-stem\n",
+    "The main function of this stem is the passive of the G. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Meaning\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1. **Passive** of the active-transitive G verbs. This is the main function:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "    - N-stem Pres.: *immahhaṣ* \"he will be smiten\"\n",
+    "    - N-stem Perf.: *ittaškanū* \"They (masc.) have been plaed\"\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2. **Middle** voice. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "    - G-stem Pret.: *bābam ipte* \"She opened the gate\"\n",
+    "    - N-stem Pret.: *bābum ippeti* \"The gate opened\" (or \"the gate was opened\")\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3. **Reflexive** and **Reciprocal**. Both can happen, but it is rare. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "    - G-stem Inf.: *labāšum* \"to clothe\" → N Perf.: *ittalbaš* \"he clothed himself\"\n",
+    "    - G-stem Inf.: *amārum* \"to see\" → N Inf.: *nanmurum* \"to see one another, to meet\"\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "4. Normally state verbs are not attested in N-stem. Nevertheless some of them have N-stem with an **ingressive** meaning, i.e. that something come to existence. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "    - G-stem Pres.: *ibašši* \"he exists\"→ N-stem Pres.: *ibbašši* \"he comes into existence\", \"he originates\"\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "5. Some verbs occur only in N-stem, i.e. the basic form is the N-stem. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "    - N-stem Inf.: *naprušum* \"to fly\"\n",
+    "    - G-stem Inf.: *palāsum* \"to see\" (very rare) → N-stem Inf.: *naplusum* \"to see, to look at\"\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Morphological Characteristics\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1. The N-stem is characterized  by an *n* before the root.\n",
+    "2. Forms with prefixes the *n* stand before another consonant, thus it assimilates:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   |               | N-Stem      | \n",
+    "   | -------       | -------------- | \n",
+    "   | Durative      | *ipparras* <**inparras*\n",
+    "   | Perfect       | *ittapras* <**intapras*\n",
+    "   | Preterite     | *ipparis* <**inparis*\n",
+    "   | Particple     | *mupparsum* <**munparsum*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3. The other form begin with *na*, thus there is no assimilation:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   |               | N-Stem      | \n",
+    "   | -------       | -------------- | \n",
+    "   | Imperative    | *napris* \n",
+    "   | Verbal Adjective | *naprusum*\n",
+    "   | Infinitve     | *naprusum*\n",
+    "   | Stative       | *naprus*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "4. Because the N-stem is based on the G-stem the personal prefixes are the same, unlike the Š and D-stems.\n",
+    "5. The vowel class depends in part of that of the G-stem\n",
+    "   1. Vowel class *a-u*, *a* and *u* → N-stem is *a-i*\n",
+    "   2. Vowel class *i* → N-stem is *i*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   |               | *a-u*-class    | *a*-class      | *u*-class      | *i*-class      | \n",
+    "   | -------       | -------------- | -------------- | -------------  | -------------- |\n",
+    "   | Durative      | *ipparr**a**s* | *i︎ṣṣabb**a**t* | *issahh**a**r* | *ippaqq**i**d* |\n",
+    "   | Preterite     | *ippar**i**s*  | *iṣṣab**i**t*  | *issah**i**r*  | *ippaq**i**d*  |\n",
+    "   | Infinitve     | *naprusum*     | *naṣbutum*     | *nashurum*     | *napqudum*     |\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{note}\n",
+    "    The *e*-type verbs have *e* instead *a*.\n",
+    "    ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "6. When suffixes are added to the preterite, syncope occurs:\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - N-stem Pres.: *ipparris* → with ventive: *ipparrsam*\n",
+    "   - N-stem Pres.: *ipparris* → with 3p.pl.: *ipparrsū*\n",
+    "   ``` \n",
+    "\n",
+    "7. The *status constructus* of the participle:  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - N-stem Part. masc.: *mupparsum* → stat. const.: *mupparis*\n",
+    "   - N-stem Part. fem.: *mupparistum* → stat. const.: *mupparsat*\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "8. The infitive, Verbal Adjective and Stative the vowel between *R₂* and *R₃* is always *u*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   |               | N-Stem      | \n",
+    "   | -------       | -------------- | \n",
+    "   | Verbal Adjective | *napr**u**sum*\n",
+    "   | Infinitve     | *napr**u**sum*\n",
+    "   | Stative       | *napr**u**s*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "9.  In cuneiform confusion with the G-stem is possible, when the doubling is not indicated in the script:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - <font size=\"11\">𒄿𒉺𒆠𒀉</font> = *ipaqqid* or *ippaqqid*\n",
+    "   ``` \n",
+    "\n",
+    "## I-*n* Verbs\n",
+    "These verbs present no difficulties in Durative, Preterite or Participle. Nevertheless in the Perfect, the *n* of the root is not assimilated. in the Imperative, Infinitive, Verbal Adjective and Stative is optional:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *naqāru* (*a-u*)   | *nadānu* (*i*) | \n",
+    "| -------       | -------------- | -------------- |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *innaqqar*     | *innaddin*     |\n",
+    "| Perfect       | *ittanqar*     | *ittandin*     |\n",
+    "| Preterite     | *innaqer*      | *innaddin*     |\n",
+    "| Imperative    | *naqqer*/*nanqer* | *naddin*/*nandin* | \n",
+    "| Participle    | *munnaqrum*    | *munnadnum*    |\n",
+    "| Verbal Adjective | *naqqurum*/*nanqurum* | *naddunum*/*nandunum*\n",
+    "| Infinitve     | *naqqurum*/*nanqurum*    | *naddunum*/*nandunum*     |\n",
+    "| Stative       | *naqqur*/*nanqur* | *naddun*/*nandun* |\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## I-*ʾ*\n",
+    "In all forms the inital *ʾ* is replaced by *n*, which is not assimilated to a following radical. Thus, the forms look like the N-stem of I-*n*. The *e* colored verbs may have the expected theme-vowel (*e-i*) or *u* between *R₂* and *R₃*.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *ahāzum* (*a-u*) | *ezēbu* (*i*)  | *epēšum* (*e-u*)  | *enûm* (III-*i*) | \n",
+    "| -------       | -------------- | ------------ | -------------         | ------------- |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *innahhaz*     | *innezzib*   | *inneppeš*/*inneppuš* | *innenni*\n",
+    "| Perfect       | *ittanhaz*     | *ittenzib*   | *ittepeš*/*ittepuš*   | *ittenni*\n",
+    "| Preterite     | *innahiz*      | *innezib*    | *innepiš*/*innepuš*   | *inneni*\n",
+    "| Imperative    | *nanhiz*       | *nenzib*     | *nenpiš*/*nenpuš*     | *nenni*\n",
+    "| Participle    | *munnahzum*    | *munnezbum*  | *munnepšum*           | *munnenûm*\n",
+    "| Verbal Adjective | *nanhuzum*  | *nenzubum*   | *nenpušum*            | *nennûm*\n",
+    "| Infinitve     | *nanhuzum*     | *nenzubum*   | *nenpušum*            | *nennûm*\n",
+    "| Stative       | *nanhuz*       | *nenzub*     | *nenpuš*              | *nennu*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{note}\n",
+    "Some verbs I-*ʾ* might preserve a strong conjugation throughout the N-paradigm. \n",
+    "- *adārum* G (a-u) \"to fear\", *naʾdurum* 'to be feared\": Durative *iʾʾaddar*, Perfect *ittaʾdar*, Preterite *iʾʾader*, etc.\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## I-*y*\n",
+    "These verbs have forms corresponding to *e*-class of I-*ʾ*, but forms without prefixes have a long vowel:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *ezēhum*       | \n",
+    "| -------       | -------------- |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *innezzih*     |\n",
+    "| Perfect       | *ittenzih*     | \n",
+    "| Preterite     | *innezih*      | \n",
+    "| Imperative    | *nēzih*       |  \n",
+    "| Participle    | *munēzuhum*    | \n",
+    "| Verbal Adjective | *nēzuhum*  | \n",
+    "| Infinitve     | *nēzuhum*     | \n",
+    "| Stative       | *nēzuh*       | \n",
+    "\n",
+    "## I-*w*\n",
+    "As far the N forms for these verbs are attested, they are regular, i.e. the *w* is doubled, but only Durative and Preterite are attested:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *walādum*       | *wabālum*/*babālum*\n",
+    "| -------       | --------------- | ------------------- |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *iwwallad*      | *ibbabbal*\n",
+    "| Preterite     | *iwwalid*       | *ibbabil*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{note}\n",
+    "In later texts *ww* is replaced by *ʾʾ*: Durative *iʾʾallad*, Preterite *iʾʾalid*.\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## II-weak\n",
+    "These verbs are poorly attested in the N-stem. The Durative and Preterite look like the G forms but with a doubling of the first radical:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *dâku* (*u*)      | *qâšu* (*i*)       | *šâmu* (*a*)     | *nêru* (*e*) |\n",
+    "| -------       | -----------       | ------------       | ------------     | ------------ |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *iddâk*/*iddukkū* | *iqqīaš*/*iqqiššū* | *iššâm*/*išammū* | *innêr*/*innerrū*\n",
+    "| Preterite     | [iddīk*/*iddūk*?  | *iqqīš*/*iqqīšu*   | *iššām*/*iššāmū* | *innēr/*innērū*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{note}\n",
+    "Verbs II-w are not attested. THe Verbs II-a and II-e have the theme vowel of the G-stem, rather than *i* like the N preterites of other verbs.\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## III-weak\n",
+    "The vowel of the Durative and Perfect correspond those of the G-stem, the Preterite and thus the Impreative have the vowel *i*. The other forms are as expected:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|               | *i*-class     | *a*-class     | *u*-class     | *e*-class      | \n",
+    "| -------       | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- |\n",
+    "| Durative      | *ibbanni*     | *ikkalla*     | *immannu*     | *iššemme*/*iššammi*\n",
+    "| Perfect       | *ittabni*     | *ittakla*     | *ittamnu*     | *ittešme*/*ittašmi*\n",
+    "| Preterite     | *ibbani*      | *ikkali*      | *immani*      | *iššemi*/*iššami*\n",
+    "| Imperative    | *nabni*       | *nakli*       | *namni*       | *nešme*/*našmi*\n",
+    "| Participle    | *mubbanûm*    | *mukkalûm*    | *mummanûm*    | *muššemûm*/*muššamûm*\n",
+    "| Verbal Adjective | *nabnûm*   | *naklûm*      | *namnûm*      | *nešmûm*/*našmûm*\n",
+    "| Infinitve     | *nabnûm*      | *naklûm*      | *namnûm*      | *nešmûm*/*našmûm*\n",
+    "| Stative       | *nabnu*       | *naklu*       | *namnu*       | *nešme*/*našmu*\n"
    ]
   }
  ],

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_04_exercises.ipynb

@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@
     "2. *bēlum muballiṭ Uruk šākin mê ana nišīšu*\n",
     "3. *anāku šarrum lā mušallim mātīšu*\n",
     "\n",
-    "Normalize and translate CH § 1\n",
-    "- *šum-ma a-wi-lum a-wi-lam ú-ub-bi-ir-ma ne-er-tam e-li-šu id-di-ma la uk-ti-in-šu mu-ub-bi-ir-šu id-da-ak*\n",
-    "\n",
     "## Š-Stem\n",
     "Analyse and translate the following forms:\n",
     "\n",
@@ -39,16 +36,33 @@
     "3. *Nintu šulput mātīšu ina pī Enlil ušaškin*\n",
     "4. *Adad mušaškin hegallim*\n",
     "\n",
-    "Normalize and translate CH § 127\n",
-    "*šum-ma a-wi-lum e-li NIN.DINGIR u₃ aš-ša-at a-wi-lim u₂-ba-nam u₂-ša-at-ri-iṣ-ma la uk-ti-in a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ma-har da-a-a-ni i-na-aṭ-ṭu₃-u₂-šu u₃ mu-ut-ta-su₂ u₂-gal-la-bu*\n",
+    "## N-Stem\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Analyse and translate the following forms:\n",
+    "1. *iṣṣabbat*\n",
+    "2. *ittaškanū*\n",
+    "3. *ṭuppum iššebir*\n",
+    "4. *narûm šaṭer*\n",
+    "5. *narûm iššater*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Translate\n",
+    "1. *kaspum iššaqil*\n",
+    "2. *marāt šarrim tallapit*\n",
+    "3. *ina Bābili ninnamer*\n",
+    "4. *awīlū lemnūtum innamrū-ma iṣṣabtū*\n",
+    "5. *iṣṣūrum mupparšum*\n",
     "\n",
-    "C. Transliterate and translate\n",
-    "Beginning of CH\n",
-    "1. <font size=\"11\">𒉌𒉡𒀭𒍢𒊒𒌝</font>\n",
-    "2. <font size=\"11\">𒈗𒀭𒀀𒉣𒈾𒆠</font>\n",
-    "3. <font size=\"11\">𒀭𒂗𒆤</font>\n",
-    "4. <font size=\"11\">𒁁𒂖𒊭𒈨𒂊</font>\n",
-    "5. <font size=\"11\">𒅇𒅕𒍢𒁴</font>"
+    "## From the CH §6\n",
+    "1. <font size=\"11\">𒋳𒈠𒀀𒉿𒈝</font> \n",
+    "2. <font size=\"11\">𒃻𒆥𒀭</font>\n",
+    "3. <font size=\"11\">𒅇𒂍𒃲</font>\n",
+    "4. <font size=\"11\">𒅖𒊑𒅅</font>\n",
+    "5. <font size=\"11\">𒀀𒉿𒈝𒋗𒌑</font>\n",
+    "6. <font size=\"11\">𒀉𒁕𒀝</font>\n",
+    "7. <font size=\"11\">𒅇𒊭𒋗𒌫𒂵𒄠</font>\n",
+    "8. <font size=\"11\">𒄿𒈾𒂵𒋾𒋗</font>\n",
+    "9. <font size=\"11\">𒅎𒄷𒊒</font>\n",
+    "10. <font size=\"11\">𒀉𒁕𒀝</font>"
    ]
   }
  ],

_build/html/_sources/lesson_08/08_00_intro.ipynb

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 {
  "cells": [
   {
+   "attachments": {},
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "# 🚧 Work in Progress 🚧"
+    "# L8.0: Introduction\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- L8.1: [Gt-Stem](08_01_gt-stem)\n",
+    "- L8.2: [Dt-Stem](08_02_dt-stem) \n",
+    "- L8.3: [Št-Stem](08_03_št-stem)\n",
+    "- L8.4: [The *tan-*stems](08_04_tan-stems)\n",
+    "- L8.5: [Exercises](08_05_exercises)\n",
+    "- L8.6: [Vocabulary](08_06_vocabulary)\n",
+    "- L8.7: [Assignment](08_07_assignment)"
    ]
   }
  ],