01-01-2022_01

_build/html/_sources/lesson_04/04_10_vocab-signs.ipynb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "# L4.11. Vocabulary & Signs\n",
+    "# L4.11. Vocabulary\n",
     "\n",
     "## Verbs\n",
     "| Verbs          | Dur., Pret. Root |  Translation |\n",

_build/html/_sources/lesson_05/05_07_vocab-signs.ipynb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "# L5.7: Vocabulary & Signs\n",
+    "# L5.7: Vocabulary\n",
     "\n",
     "## Verbs\n",
     "| Verbs          | Dur., Pret. Root         |  Translation |\n",

_build/html/_sources/lesson_06/06_02_imperative-cohortative.ipynb

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
     "The imperative is the form for commands. \n",
     "\n",
     "- It occurs only in the second person. \n",
-    "- The form of the imperative is essentially the preterite without a prefix. \n",
+    "- The form of the imperative is essentially the preterite without a prefix.\n",
+    "- It expresses a possitive comand. It can not be negated. For the negated command see the prohibitive. \n",
     "- Thus the theme vowel is always that of the preterite:\n",
     "\n",
     "```{admonition} Example\n",

_build/html/_sources/lesson_06/06_07_vocabulary.ipynb

@@ -5,7 +5,44 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "# L6.7: Vocabulary\n"
+    "# L6.7: Vocabulary\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Verbs\n",
+    "| Verbs          | Dur., Pret. Root         |  Translation |\n",
+    "| ------------   | ----------------         | ------------ |\n",
+    "| *mahārum* (a/u)| *imahhar*, *imhur*, **mhr* | empfangen, entgegentreten\n",
+    "| *sahārum* (u)  | *isahhur*, *ishur*, **shr* | to go around, turn; search; tarry\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Nouns\n",
+    "| Nouns          | Status Constructus | Translation |\n",
+    "| ------------   | ------------------ | ----------- |\n",
+    "| *Adad*         |                    | ᵈIŠKUR \"weather god\" \n",
+    "| *Ellil*        |                    | ᵈEN.LIL₂ \"lord of the gods\"\n",
+    "| *manûm*        |                    | mina (weight measure, ca. 1 pound)\n",
+    "| *Marduk*       |                    | ᵈAMAR.UTU  Babylons' city god, from the end of the 2nd millennium he is the highest god\n",
+    "| *mišlum*       |                    | half; middle, centre\n",
+    "| *puhrum*       |                    | assembly\n",
+    "| *qinnāz alpim* |                    | bull pizzle\n",
+    "| *sattukkum*    |                    | [<sum.  sa₂-du₁₁.g] regular delivery, regular offering\n",
+    "| *Šamaš*        |                    | ᵈUTU \"sun god\"\n",
+    "| *šīmum*        |                    | purchase (price); goods for commerce\n",
+    "| *šūši*         |                    | 60\n",
+    "| *urrum*        |                    | daytime, day\n",
+    "| *mūšam u urram*                     | day and night, continuously (accusative of time)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Others\n",
+    "| Word           | Translation |\n",
+    "| ------------   | ----------- |\n",
+    "| *mala*         | Prep. \"as much as, equivalent to\"\n",
+    "| *mimmû* [< **mimmāʾū*] | all, anything (of)\" possessions; \"all things\" (+ gen. / pron.suff.)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
    ]
   }
  ],

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_00_intro.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "attachments": {},
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# L7.0: Introduction\n",
+    "In this chapter we will intrduce threee new stems. The D, Š and N-stems.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- L7.1. [D-Stem](07_01_d-stem)\n",
+    "- L7.2: [Š-Stem](07_02_š-stem) \n",
+    "- L7.3. [N-Stem](07_03_n-stem)\n",
+    "- L7.4. [Exercises](07_04_exercises)\n",
+    "- L7.5. [Vocabulary](07_05_vocabulary)\n",
+    "- L7.6. [Assignment](07_06_assignment)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.0 64-bit",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "name": "python",
+   "version": "3.10.0 (tags/v3.10.0:b494f59, Oct  4 2021, 19:00:18) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)]"
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+   }
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_01_d-stem.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "attachments": {},
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "```{margin}\n",
+    "GoA 33.2\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# L6.1: Stative\n",
+    "It is still a matter of discussion if the stative is a verbal or a nominal form. It seems to have developped from a nominal sentence but at the same time it possesses personal endings and can have objects like a verb. Thus in this coursebook it will be treated as a category on its own between verbs and nouns. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The stative is used to describe timeless states in constrast to the tenses, that reproduce dynamic actions, events, processes, etc.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "- Stative: *ṭāb* \"it is good\"\n",
+    "- Preterite: *iṭīb* \"he became good\"\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Endings of the Stative\n",
+    "|         | Independent Pronouns    | Stative without *e*-Coloration    | Stative without *e*-Coloration |\n",
+    "|-------- | ----------------------- |---------------------------------  | ------------------------------ | \n",
+    "| 3m      | *šū*                    | -ø                                | -ø \n",
+    "| 3f      | *šī*                    | *-at*                             | *-et*                             \n",
+    "| 2m      | *attā*                  | *-āta*                            | *-ēta*                           \n",
+    "| 2f      | *atti*                  | *-āti*                            | *-ēti*                            \n",
+    "| 1c      | *anāku*                 | *-āku*                            | *-ēku*                              \n",
+    "| 3m      | *šunu*                  | *-ū*                              | *-ū*                               \n",
+    "| 3f      | *šina*                  | *-ā*                              | *-ā*                              \n",
+    "| 2m      | *attunu*                | *-ātunu*                          | *-ētunu*                          \n",
+    "| 2f      | *attina*                | *-ātina*                          | *-ētina*                          \n",
+    "| 1c      | *nīnu*                  | *-ānu*                            | *-ēnu*                          \n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Stative forms\n",
+    "The stative can be build from a verbal adjective and nouns:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Stative from a Verb\n",
+    "The ending of the stative are added to the verbal adjective:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "|         | Verbaladjective | Ending    | Stative   | Translation   |\n",
+    "|-------- | --------------- |---------  | -------   | -----------   |\n",
+    "| 3m.s.   | *paris*         | -ø        | *damiq*   | He is good    |\n",
+    "| 3f.s.   | *paris*         | *-at*     | *damqat*  | She is good   |                            \n",
+    "| 2m.s.   | *paris*         | *-āta*    | *damqāta* | You (masc.) are good  |                           \n",
+    "| 2f.s    | *paris*         | *-āti*    | *damqāti* | You (fem.) are good   |                           \n",
+    "| 1c.s    | *paris*         | *-āku*    | *damqāku* | I am good     |                              \n",
+    "| 3m.pl   | *paris*         | *-ū*      | *damqū*   | They (masc.) are good |                               \n",
+    "| 3f.pl.  | *paris*         | *-ā*      | *damqā*   | They (fem.) are good  |                              \n",
+    "| 2m.pl.  | *paris*         | *-ātunu*  | *damqātunu* | You (masc.) are good |                          \n",
+    "| 2f.pl.  | *paris*         | *-ātina*  | *damqātina* | You (fem.) are good |                          \n",
+    "| 1c.pl.  | *paris*         | *-ānu*    | *damqānu* | We are good   |   \n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{warning}\n",
+    "[Geminated verbs](/lesson_04/04_04_geminated-verbs.ipynb) can have a special conjugation pattern, because the reduplicated radical desappears and the vowel becomes long:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- *danānu* \"to be strong\" > *dān* \"he is strong\", but *dannāta* \"you are strong\"\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Meaning\n",
+    "The meaning is \n",
+    "\n",
+    "- with active-transitive verbs: passiv.\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *paris* \"it is divided\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- with intransitive verbs: resultative.\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *wašib* \"he seats\" (lit. \"he is in the state of seating\")\n",
+    "   - *ina ālim wašbānu* \"We live in the city\"\n",
+    "   - *šalmāku* \"I am well\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- with adjectival verbs: descriptive.\n",
+    " \n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *damiq* \"he is goodseats\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- With some verbs it can have active as well as passive meaning.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *ṣabtāku* \"he is taken/he has taken\" \n",
+    "   - *mahiṣ* \"hi is beaten/he has beaten\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The stative can have a direct object\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *murṣam dannam marṣāku* \"I am ill with a serious illness\"\n",
+    "   - *zumram damiq* \"He is beautiful in body\"  \n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The stative is tenseless. It can be used in the present, past or future.\n",
+    "- \n",
+    "### Stative from a Noun\n",
+    "Although seldom the stative can also be built from a noun. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The status absolutus without endings is used and the personal stative endings are added:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *ward-āku* \"I am a slave\" (lit. I am in the state of being a slave)\n",
+    "   - *šarr-āku* \"I am king\"  \n",
+    "   - *išpar-at* \"She is a weaver\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{note}\n",
+    "   - The stative seems to be developped from a nominal sentence like: *wardum anāku* → *ward+āku*\n",
+    "   - The feminive forms like *išparat* are build using the masculine.\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "- Stative from nouns are used for personal status\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *išparat* \"She is a weaver\".\n",
+    "   - *ul iššat* \"She is not 'wife'\".\n",
+    "   - *šarrāq* \"He is a thief\"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "- Stative from nouns are used for personal names\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    ```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "   - *Addu-Malik* \"The god Adad is the king\".\n",
+    "   - *Kibrī-Dagan* \"My shore is Dagan\".\n",
+    "   - *Tukultī-Ninurta* \"My trust is Ninurta \"\n",
+    "   ```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.0 64-bit",
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+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_02_š-stem.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "attachments": {},
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "```{margin}\n",
+    "GoA 16.1\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# L6.1: Imperative and Cohortative\n",
+    "The imperative is the form for commands. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "- It occurs only in the second person. \n",
+    "- The form of the imperative is essentially the preterite without a prefix.\n",
+    "- It expresses a possitive comand. It can not be negated. For the negated command see the prohibitive. \n",
+    "- Thus the theme vowel is always that of the preterite:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "- Preterite: *iprus* \"he divided\"\n",
+    "- Imperative: *purus* \"divide!\"\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The ending for the feminine singular is *-ī*.\n",
+    "- The ending for the plural communis *-ā*.\n",
+    "- When endings are added, the unstressed vowel of the second syllable is elided;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "- 2. masc. sing.: *purus* \"divide!\"\n",
+    "- 2. fem. sing.: *pursī* \"divide!\"\n",
+    "- pl. com.: *pursā* \"divide!\"\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- The only exception to this rule are the following five verbs of the *a*-class verbs:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{admonition} Exceptions\n",
+    "- *lamādum* \"to learn\" → *limad*\n",
+    "- *palāhum* \"to fear, worship\" → *pilah*\n",
+    "- *pašāhum* \"to refresh oneself\" → *pisah*\n",
+    "- *rakābum* \"to ride, mount* → *rikab*\n",
+    "- *takālum* \"to trust\" → *tikal*\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Conjugation of the Imperative\n",
+    "|         | 2ms      | 2fs      | pl.com. |\n",
+    "| -----   | -------  | -------- | ------- |\n",
+    "| G *a-u* | *purus*  | *pursī*  | *pursā* | \n",
+    "| G *i*   | *širiq*  | *širqī*  | *širqā* |\n",
+    "| G *a*   | *ṣabat*  | *ṣabtī*  | *ṣabtā*\n",
+    "| G *u*   | *muqut*  | *muqtī*  | *muqtā*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## The Cohortative \n",
+    "This is the form for commands in the 1. plural:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- It is built with the particle *i* and the preterite:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```{admonition} Example\n",
+    "*i niprus* \"We want to divide / Let's divide\"\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.0 64-bit",
+   "language": "python",
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+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

_build/html/_sources/lesson_07/07_03_n-stem.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "attachments": {},
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# L5.3: Precative\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3.10.0 64-bit",
+   "language": "python",
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+   }
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}