Tx Types and ERC20 token transaction

docs/docs/guides/wallet/metamask-react.md

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docs/docs/guides/wallet/tx-types.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 3
+sidebar_label: 'Transaction Types'
+---
+
+# Transactions
+
+In this tutorial, we will explore how to send different types of [transactions](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/) using web3.js, focusing on Ethereum's evolving transaction formats. We'll start with [legacy transactions (Transaction Type 0)](#transaction-type-0-legacy). Next, we'll delve into Transaction [Type 1 (EIP-2930)](#transaction-type-1-eip-2930), which introduces access lists to optimize gas usage. Finally, we'll cover [Transaction Type 2 (EIP-1559)](#transaction-type-2-eip-1559), the current default, which allows users to specify maximum fees and priority tips for more efficient and cost-effective transactions. Each section will include practical code examples to demonstrate sending raw transactions and interacting with ERC20 tokens on the Sepolia test network
+
+:::note
+Web3.js uses transaction type 2 by default
+:::
+
+## Transaction Type 0 (Legacy)
+
+### Raw Transaction 
+
+A Legacy Transaction refers to a transaction that was created using an older version of Ethereum's transaction format, also known as "transaction type 0". This transaction format was used before the EIP-1559 upgrade, which was implemented in August 2021.
+
+```ts
+import { Web3 } from "web3";
+
+const web3 = new Web3("https://rpc2.sepolia.org");
+
+async function txLegacy() {
+  const wallet = web3.eth.wallet.add("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"); // make sure you have funds
+
+  const sender = wallet[0].address;
+  const recipient = "0x807BFe4940016B5a7FdA19482042917B02e68359";
+  const value = 1; // wei
+  const nonce = await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(sender);
+  const gas = 21000;
+  const gasPrice = await web3.eth.getGasPrice();
+
+  const tx = {
+    from: sender,
+    to: recipient,
+    value,
+    nonce,
+    gas,
+    gasPrice,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    type: 0,
+  };
+
+  const txReceipt = await web3.eth.sendTransaction(tx);
+  console.log("Tx hash", txReceipt.transactionHash);
+}
+
+txLegacy();
+```
+
+### ERC20 Interaction
+
+```ts
+import { Web3 } from "web3";
+
+const web3 = new Web3("https://rpc2.sepolia.org");
+
+//WETH token in Sepolia https://sepolia.etherscan.io/address/0xfff9976782d46cc05630d1f6ebab18b2324d6b14#code
+const ADDRESS_WETH_SEPOLIA = "0xfFf9976782d46CC05630D1f6eBAb18b2324d6B14";
+const ABI = [
+  {
+    constant: false,
+    inputs: [
+      {
+        name: "dst",
+        type: "address",
+      },
+      {
+        name: "wad",
+        type: "uint256",
+      },
+    ],
+    name: "transfer",
+    outputs: [
+      {
+        name: "",
+        type: "bool",
+      },
+    ],
+    payable: false,
+    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
+    type: "function",
+  },
+];
+
+async function transfer() {
+  //initialize wallet
+  const wallet = web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"); //make sure you have WETH tokens in the Sepolia network
+  //you can swap Sepolia tokens for WETH here https://app.uniswap.org/swap?chain=sepolia
+
+  //initialize WETH contract in sepolia
+  const myERC20 = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, ADDRESS_WETH_SEPOLIA);
+
+  const TO = "0xEA9eEca67682Cd9c6Ce3DdD1681049D7A897289F"; //address to send the tokens to
+  const VALUE = 1; //wei value, dont forget to multiply by decimals
+
+  //send transfer and specify the type
+  const txReceipt = await myERC20.methods.transfer(TO, VALUE).send({
+    from: wallet[0].address,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    type: 0,
+  });
+
+  console.log(txReceipt.transactionHash);
+  //=> 0x5f2087c22166f3a1909c40ce537dd564dc3d4c70c5be02f35c6406a628123b16
+}
+
+transfer();
+```
+
+## Transaction Type 1 (EIP-2930)
+
+This EIP was introduced in April 2021, it introduces a feature called 'Access List.' This improvement allows saving gas on cross-contract calls by declaring in advance which contract and storage slots will be accessed.
+
+### Raw Transaction
+
+```ts
+import { Web3 } from "web3";
+
+const web3 = new Web3("https://rpc2.sepolia.org");
+
+async function txEIP2930() {
+  const wallet = web3.eth.wallet.add("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY");
+
+  const sender = wallet[0].address;
+  const contractAddress1 = "0x...";
+  const gas = 500000; //could be higher
+  const gasPrice = await web3.eth.getGasPrice();
+  const data = "0x9a67c8b100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d0"
+
+
+  // highlight-start
+  //create access list using web3.eth
+  const accessListData = await web3.eth.createAccessList({
+    from: sender,
+    to: contractAddress1,
+    data,
+  });
+  // highlight-end
+
+  console.log(accessListData)
+  /* 
+  => 
+  {
+    // highlight-start
+  "accessList": [
+      {
+        "address": "0x15859bdf5aff2080a9968f6a410361e9598df62f",
+        "storageKeys": [
+          "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    // highlight-end
+    "gasUsed": "0x7671"
+  }
+  */
+
+  const tx = {
+    from: sender,
+    to: contractAddress1, //the contract we are calling
+    data,
+    gas,
+    gasPrice,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    type: 1,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    accessList: accessListData.accessList //access the object `accessList`
+  };
+
+  const txReceipt = await web3.eth.sendTransaction(tx);
+
+  console.log("Tx hash", txReceipt.transactionHash);
+}
+
+txEIP2930()
+```
+
+## Transaction Type 2 (EIP-1559)
+
+When a user creates an EIP-1559 transaction, they specify the maximum fee they are willing to pay `maxFeePerGas` as well as a tip `maxPriorityFeePerGas` to incentivize the miner. The actual fee paid by the user is then determined by the network based on the current demand for block space and the priority of the transaction.
+
+### Raw Transaction
+
+```ts
+import { Web3 } from "web3";
+
+const web3 = new Web3("https://rpc2.sepolia.org");
+
+async function txEIP1559() {
+  const wallet = web3.eth.wallet.add("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"); //make sure you have funds
+
+  const sender = wallet[0].address;
+  const recipient = "0x807BFe4940016B5a7FdA19482042917B02e68359";
+  const value = 1; //wei
+  const nonce = await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(sender);
+  const gasLimit = 21000;
+  const maxFeePerGas = Number((await web3.eth.calculateFeeData()).maxFeePerGas);
+  const maxPriorityFeePerGas = Number((await web3.eth.calculateFeeData()).maxPriorityFeePerGas);
+
+  const tx = {
+    from: sender,
+    to: recipient,
+    value,
+    nonce,
+    gasLimit,
+    maxFeePerGas,
+    maxPriorityFeePerGas,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    type: 2,
+  };
+
+  const txReceipt = await web3.eth.sendTransaction(tx);
+  console.log("Tx hash", txReceipt.transactionHash);
+}
+
+txEIP1559();
+```
+
+### ERC20 Interaction
+
+```ts
+import { Web3 } from "web3";
+
+const web3 = new Web3("https://rpc2.sepolia.org");
+
+//WETH token in Sepolia https://sepolia.etherscan.io/address/0xfff9976782d46cc05630d1f6ebab18b2324d6b14#code
+const ADDRESS_WETH_SEPOLIA = "0xfFf9976782d46CC05630D1f6eBAb18b2324d6B14";
+const ABI = [
+  {
+    constant: false,
+    inputs: [
+      {
+        name: "dst",
+        type: "address",
+      },
+      {
+        name: "wad",
+        type: "uint256",
+      },
+    ],
+    name: "transfer",
+    outputs: [
+      {
+        name: "",
+        type: "bool",
+      },
+    ],
+    payable: false,
+    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
+    type: "function",
+  },
+];
+
+async function transfer() {
+  //initialize wallet
+  const wallet = web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY"); //make sure you have WETH tokens in the Sepolia network
+  //you can swap Sepolia tokens for WETH here https://app.uniswap.org/swap?chain=sepolia
+
+  //initialize WETH contract in sepolia
+  const myERC20 = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, ADDRESS_WETH_SEPOLIA);
+
+  const TO = "0xEA9eEca67682Cd9c6Ce3DdD1681049D7A897289F"; //address to send the tokens to
+  const VALUE = 1; //wei value, dont forget to multiply by decimals
+
+  //send transfer and specify the type
+  const txReceipt = await myERC20.methods.transfer(TO, VALUE).send({
+    from: wallet[0].address,
+    // highlight-next-line
+    type: 2,
+  });
+
+  console.log(txReceipt.transactionHash);
+  //=> 0x174bc88023be4af431fad1693a59f7a41135238510cdcd00f15f6409b5471d77
+}
+
+transfer();
+```

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